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Impact Of Risk Disclosures Through Direct To Consumer Advertising On Elderly Consumers Behavioral Intent
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Book Synopsis Impact of Risk Disclosures Through Direct-to-consumer Advertising on Elderly Consumers' Behavioral Intent by : Prashant Tukaram Nikam
Download or read book Impact of Risk Disclosures Through Direct-to-consumer Advertising on Elderly Consumers' Behavioral Intent written by Prashant Tukaram Nikam and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The new FDA guidelines on Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs require the sponsor to present balanced benefit-risk information. However, data suggest frequent lack of compliance with these guidelines. Misinformation to consumers can have serious implications on health and safety. The study objective was to explore the impact of variations in risk disclosures through DTC print advertisements on consumer attitudes and behaviors. A 2 x 2 factorial design was implemented, where the risk statements in the advertisements varied in number and specificity. A convenience sample of 240 elderly (>=60 years) male and female participants was recruited. The participants were asked to read a print advertisement and then complete a questionnaire. Participants exposed to specific risk statements were less likely to look for additional information (p
Book Synopsis The Effects of Risk Disclosure and Ad Involvement on Consumers' Recall, Behavioral Intentions, Attitude Towards the Ad and Brand in DTC Advertisements by : Constantina Kavadas
Download or read book The Effects of Risk Disclosure and Ad Involvement on Consumers' Recall, Behavioral Intentions, Attitude Towards the Ad and Brand in DTC Advertisements written by Constantina Kavadas and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade pharmaceutical companies have increased their direct to consumer advertising (DTC). Unlike advertisements of other products, these ads contain both the benefits and potential risks of the product. Similar to ads employing fear appeals as a method of persuasion, theories in fear appeals may be used to predict and explain the behavior of consumers exposed to varying amount of risk information. An experimental study was performed to examine the impact of risk disclosure variations in print ads on high and low involved participants and examine if a relationship between theories in fear appeal persuasion and risk disclosure in DTC advertising may exist. The study was a 2 (involvement level) x 3 (disclosure of risk information) factorial design. The dependant variables of the study were: recall of information, attitude towards the ad and brand, and behavioral intentions. Significant differences were observed between participants for recall of information and their attitude towards the brand. Moreover, findings from research in fear appeals used in advertisements were applicable in predicting some of the differences between high and low involved participants' attitudes towards the varying amounts of risk information.
Book Synopsis Consumers' Optimistic Bias and Responses to Risk Disclosures in Direct-to-consumer (DTC) Prescription Drug Advertising by : Hoyoung Anthony Ahn
Download or read book Consumers' Optimistic Bias and Responses to Risk Disclosures in Direct-to-consumer (DTC) Prescription Drug Advertising written by Hoyoung Anthony Ahn and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a substantial body of research in direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs, what is missing from much of the existing discussion on DTCA disclosure is a focus on the roles of consumers' individual motivation and ability factors in processing risk disclosures. Guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and the Motivation-Ability-Opportunity (MAO) framework, this research focuses on the roles played by individuals' optimistic bias as motivation and ones' subjective health literacy as ability to process and evaluate risk disclosures in DTCA. Specifically, this study examined whether the degree of optimistic bias affected consumers' risk disclosure processing in terms of their attention to risk disclosures, their perceived importance of risk disclosures, and their intentions to seek more risk information through alternative sources. Further, the study examined whether the relationship between the optimistic bias and the risk disclosure-related perceptions and intentions was moderated by consumers' subjective health literacy. By analyzing online survey data collected among the U.S. adult population (N= 404), the study revealed that: (a) consumers who showed a tendency to believe they were at lesser risk of experiencing side-effects of prescription drugs than their peers were less likely to pay attention to risk disclosures, less likely to perceive reading the risk disclosures as being important, and less likely to seek further information about a prescription drug's side-effects; (b) the relationship between optimistic bias and intentions to seek prescription drug risk information was stronger for consumers with high subjective health literary than for those with low subjective health literacy. In addition to theoretical implications, practical implications and recommendations are provided in light of a necessity to develop DTCA disclosure messages that communicate well with consumers.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Risk Disclosure in Direct-to-consumer Prescription Drug Advertising (DTCA) by : Ilwoo Ju
Download or read book The Effects of Risk Disclosure in Direct-to-consumer Prescription Drug Advertising (DTCA) written by Ilwoo Ju and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fair balance of benefit and risk information in consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA) has received much research attention. In this regard, it has been well-documented that varying levels of risk disclosure prominence have disproportional effects on consumer response to the DTC ad. However, little research has examined how the prominence effects can be maximized or minimized depending on consumers' varying levels of knowledge of the FDA's regulatory role for DTCA. In a similar vein, rare research has been conducted to investigate how such regulatory knowledge directly affects consumers' risk disclosure coping strategies. Drawing on consumer information processing perspectives, this research employs an experimental approach to examine one manipulated categorical variable, one measured continuous variable, and their interactive effects on consumer response to the ad, while controlling for potential covariates. Specifically, two levels of risk disclosure prominence are manipulated (high vs. low) and coded as a dummy variable, and DTCA regulatory knowledge is measured as a continuous variable. Further, based on the persuasion knowledge model (PKM) framework, DTCA regulatory knowledge is tested as a moderator of the prominence effects. Consumer memory such as unaided-recall and aided-recognition of the health risks of the medicine presented in the ad as well as self-reported perceived attention to risk disclosure are addressed as criterion variables. The major findings are summarized as follows: (1) both higher DTCA regulatory knowledge and higher prominence enhanced perceived attention to risk disclosure; (2) both higher DTCA regulatory knowledge and higher prominence enhanced consumer recognition of risk information; (3) DTCA regulatory knowledge moderated the prominence effects on perceived attention to risk disclosure; (4) the main DTCA regulatory knowledge effects and the main prominence effects on consumer recall and recognition were mediated through perceived attention to risk disclosure; (5) However, the moderated mediation effect analyses revealed that the effects of prominence on recall and recognition were mediated through perceived attention among low DTCA regulatory knowledge consumers, whereas the mediating effects were minimal among high DTCA regulatory knowledge consumers. The overall findings support the current study's conceptual framework. The theoretical, managerial, and consumer education/public health implications of this research are discussed.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Direct-to-consumer Drug Advertising on Seniors' Health and Health Care Costs by : United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging
Download or read book The Impact of Direct-to-consumer Drug Advertising on Seniors' Health and Health Care Costs written by United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Federal Trade Commission. Bureau of Consumer Protection Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (31 download)
Book Synopsis Dietary Supplements by : United States. Federal Trade Commission. Bureau of Consumer Protection
Download or read book Dietary Supplements written by United States. Federal Trade Commission. Bureau of Consumer Protection and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Digital and Social Media Marketing by : Nripendra P. Rana
Download or read book Digital and Social Media Marketing written by Nripendra P. Rana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines issues and implications of digital and social media marketing for emerging markets. These markets necessitate substantial adaptations of developed theories and approaches employed in the Western world. The book investigates problems specific to emerging markets, while identifying new theoretical constructs and practical applications of digital marketing. It addresses topics such as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), demographic differences in digital marketing, mobile marketing, search engine advertising, among others. A radical increase in both temporal and geographical reach is empowering consumers to exert influence on brands, products, and services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and digital media are having a significant impact on the way people communicate and fulfil their socio-economic, emotional and material needs. These technologies are also being harnessed by businesses for various purposes including distribution and selling of goods, retailing of consumer services, customer relationship management, and influencing consumer behaviour by employing digital marketing practices. This book considers this, as it examines the practice and research related to digital and social media marketing.
Book Synopsis Testing Treatments by : Imogen Evans
Download or read book Testing Treatments written by Imogen Evans and published by Pinter & Martin Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a thought-provoking account of how medical treatments can be tested with unbiased or 'fair' trials and explains how patients can work with doctors to achieve this vital goal. It spans the gamut of therapy from mastectomy to thalidomide and explores a vast range of case studies.
Download or read book Selling Sickness written by Ray Moynihan and published by Greystone Books. This book was released on 2008-09-01 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this hard-hitting indictment of the pharmaceutical industry, Ray Moynihan and Allan Cassels show how drug companies are systematically using their dominating influence in the world of medical science, drug companies are working to widen the very boundaries that define illness. Mild problems are redefined as serious illness, and common complaints are labeled as medical conditions requiring drug treatments. Runny noses are now allergic rhinitis, PMS has become a psychiatric disorder, and hyperactive children have ADD. Selling Sickness reveals how expanding the boundaries of illness and lowering the threshold for treatments is creating millions of new patients and billions in new profits, in turn threatening to bankrupt national healthcare systems all over the world. This Canadian edition includes an introduction placing the issue in a Canadian context and describing why Canadians should be concerned about the problem.
Book Synopsis Language and culture in organization and consumer behaviors by : Xi Li
Download or read book Language and culture in organization and consumer behaviors written by Xi Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :American Bar Association. House of Delegates Publisher :American Bar Association ISBN 13 :9781590318737 Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (187 download)
Book Synopsis Model Rules of Professional Conduct by : American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309468086 Total Pages :235 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Making Medicines Affordable by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Book Synopsis Local Food Systems; Concepts, Impacts, and Issues by : Steve Martinez
Download or read book Local Food Systems; Concepts, Impacts, and Issues written by Steve Martinez and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive overview of local food systems explores alternative definitions of local food, estimates market size and reach, describes the characteristics of local consumers and producers, and examines early indications of the economic and health impacts of local food systems. Defining ¿local¿ based on marketing arrangements, such as farmers selling directly to consumers at regional farmers¿ markets or to schools, is well recognized. Statistics suggest that local food markets account for a small, but growing, share of U.S. agricultural production. For smaller farms, direct marketing to consumers accounts for a higher percentage of their sales than for larger farms. Charts and tables.
Book Synopsis Journal of Public Policy and Marketing by : Thomas C. Kinnear
Download or read book Journal of Public Policy and Marketing written by Thomas C. Kinnear and published by American Marketing Association. This book was released on 1984-05 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing Climate Risk in the U.S. Financial System by : Leonardo Martinez-Diaz
Download or read book Managing Climate Risk in the U.S. Financial System written by Leonardo Martinez-Diaz and published by U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission . This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication serves as a roadmap for exploring and managing climate risk in the U.S. financial system. It is the first major climate publication by a U.S. financial regulator. The central message is that U.S. financial regulators must recognize that climate change poses serious emerging risks to the U.S. financial system, and they should move urgently and decisively to measure, understand, and address these risks. Achieving this goal calls for strengthening regulators’ capabilities, expertise, and data and tools to better monitor, analyze, and quantify climate risks. It calls for working closely with the private sector to ensure that financial institutions and market participants do the same. And it calls for policy and regulatory choices that are flexible, open-ended, and adaptable to new information about climate change and its risks, based on close and iterative dialogue with the private sector. At the same time, the financial community should not simply be reactive—it should provide solutions. Regulators should recognize that the financial system can itself be a catalyst for investments that accelerate economic resilience and the transition to a net-zero emissions economy. Financial innovations, in the form of new financial products, services, and technologies, can help the U.S. economy better manage climate risk and help channel more capital into technologies essential for the transition. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247742
Book Synopsis Macrosocial Determinants of Population Health by : Sandro Galea
Download or read book Macrosocial Determinants of Population Health written by Sandro Galea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-24 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores social factors such as culture, mass media, political systems, and migration that influence public health while systematically considering how we may best study these factors and use our knowledge from this study to guide public health interventions. Throughout, contributors emphasize the potential of population strategies to influence traditional risk factors associated with health and disease. Each section ends with Galea’s integrative chapters, bringing the observations and conclusions from the chapters into clear, usable focus.
