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Impact Of Maternal Diet On Offspring Gut Microbiota And Metabolic Health
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Book Synopsis Impact of Maternal Diet on Offspring Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health by : Ruth Anne Schade
Download or read book Impact of Maternal Diet on Offspring Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health written by Ruth Anne Schade and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first bacterial contamination of the gastrointestinal tract happens during birth and early feeding, however, impacts of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on offspring microbiota development is not well characterized. We used two rodent cohorts to model impacts of maternal diet on offspring microbiota composition and metabolic health. 1) Sprague-Dawley dams consumed high fat (HF) or chow diets during pregnancy and offspring were raised by dams consuming the same or opposite diet; fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis on postnatal day (PND) 21. 2) C57BL/6 dams received low fat (LF), HF, or HF supplemented with glycan (HFG) diets; offspring were weaned onto the HF or LF diet. Offspring fecal samples were collected at PND21, PND35, and PND90. The cross-fostering study indicates postnatal, rather than prenatal, influence drives early microbiota composition, while the C57BL/6 study suggests maternal and post-weaning diets shape microbiota composition in adult offspring.
Book Synopsis Role of Early Postnatal Nutrition During Lactation in Offspring Metabolic Health Programming by : Sílvia Ribó Gené
Download or read book Role of Early Postnatal Nutrition During Lactation in Offspring Metabolic Health Programming written by Sílvia Ribó Gené and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity and overweight can often cause severe complications, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, amongst other disorders. Several studies have shown that early postnatal nutrition is of great importance in modulating newborn health outcomes. In this work, we have studied the role of nutrition during early stages of life in long-term metabolic health applying two different approaches: a) transgenerational transmission of impaired metabolic health induced by accelerated early weight gain caused by postnatal overnutrition and b) short and long-term metabolic effects on offspring of maternal diet supplementation with betaine. Rapid weight gain during early life has been associated with several components of the Metabolic Syndrome. Previously we developed a mouse model of neonatal overfeeding and rapid weight gain by litter size reduction. Neonatal overnutrition (ON) altered the metabolism of the exposed individuals (F0). Furthermore, offspring (F1) and grand-offspring (F2) of postnatal overfed male mice also developed metabolic complications during adulthood. In agreement, it has been shown that environmental exposure on males can affect health in subsequent generations. Here, we hypothesized that epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding-RNA, might be involved in the inheritance of diabetes risk in our model. We analyzed sperm methylome of F0 and F1 generations, and in the liver of 8-day-old mice of F1 and F2 generations, observing significant changes in methylation of specific DNA regions. We found 912 probes differentially methylated when comparing control and ON mice throughout the three generations, between the two tissues. Our results suggest that methylation of the male germ line caused by nutritional challenges during early life may carry information that influence metabolism across multiple generations. We then analyzed gene expression by qPCR of these genes in the liver of 8-days-old mice finding differences in some genes. Breast milk composition is important in modulating growth and health of the infant. Amongst the many nutrients that breast milk contains one worth highlighting is glycine betaine (or betaine). In addition to decreasing levels of fat in the liver, previous data demonstrated that maternal supplementation with betaine during breastfeeding also improves glucose homeostasis and modulates offspring early-life gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota in the newborn is defined at birth and during early nutrition. Breast milk also contains essential bacteria that can influence gut microbiota composition of the breastfed infant. Changes in the microbiome caused by antibiotic administration during early life were significantly correlated to higher adiposity and development of obesity during adulthood. We observed beneficial short and long-term metabolic effects of betaine on offspring and protection against adult diet-induced obesity. We have analyzed ilea and gut microbiota of mice supplemented with betaine, and with or without antibiotics at different stages of life. Analyzing the microbiome we found that microbial community composition was modulated by betaine supplementation in 2-week-old offspring. Antibiotic treatment annulled completely long-term betaine-induced effects on body weight. Moreover, glucose tolerance was no longer improved when combining antibiotics with betaine treatment. -- TDX.
Book Synopsis Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by : Robert Vink
Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Book Synopsis Nutrition in Early Life by : Jane B. Morgan
Download or read book Nutrition in Early Life written by Jane B. Morgan and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition in Early Life is a comprehensive authoritative text providing an in -depth scientific basis for nutrition during prenatal, postnatal and childhood growth and development. The book is an up-to-date reference for all those seeking to understand the application of science in support of a successful outcome of the reproductive cycle. It has a strong public health emphasis, dealing with nutritionally related health promotion issues from the fetus to maturity. Additionally, the book includes key practical guidelines for good nutritional practice in chapter twelve. Nutrition in Early Life: is a clear up-to-date scientific text focusing on nutrition throughout the reproductive cycle. provides practical guidelines for good nutritional practice with a strong public health emphasis. includes learning outcomes and a detailed list of references at the end of each chapter. Suitable for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers within the health care professions and an invaluable resource to practitioners who provide primary health care. The book will also be a useful reference for those specialising in paediatrics and child health.
Book Synopsis The Urban Child Institute CANDLE Study by : Lisa Sontag-Padilla
Download or read book The Urban Child Institute CANDLE Study written by Lisa Sontag-Padilla and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the study design and summary data from the first year of data collection for the Urban Child Institute Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood Study: participant demographics, prenatal and birth measures; child and family health and nutrition; mothers' mental and behavioral health; and cognitive performance, psychosocial measures, and biological samples for mothers and children.
Book Synopsis Maternal Diet and Offspring Health by : Clare Marie Reynolds
Download or read book Maternal Diet and Offspring Health written by Clare Marie Reynolds and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-08 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adiposity €“ Omics and Molecular Understanding by :
Download or read book Adiposity €“ Omics and Molecular Understanding written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protecting Infants through Human Milk by : Larry K. Pickering
Download or read book Protecting Infants through Human Milk written by Larry K. Pickering and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting Infants through Human Milk: Advancing the Scientific Evidence provides a forum in which basic scientists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and policy makers exchange the latest findings regarding the effects of human milk and breastfeeding on infant and maternal health, thereby fostering new and promising collaborations. This volume also integrates data from animal and in vitro laboratory studies with clinical and population studies to examine human milk production and composition, the mechanisms of infant protection and/or risk from human milk feeding, and proposed interventions related to infant feeding practices. Additionally, it stimulates critical evaluation of, and advances in, the scientific evidence base and research methods, and identifies the research priorities in various areas.
Book Synopsis Microbial Endocrinology by : Mark Lyte
Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.
Book Synopsis The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota by : Eugene Rosenberg
Download or read book The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota written by Eugene Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of its associated microorganisms) and its hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert, function as a unique biological entity and therefore as a level of selection in evolution. All animals and plants harbor abundant and diverse microbiota, including viruses. Often the amount of symbiotic microorganisms and their combined genetic information far exceed that of their host. The microbiota with its microbiome, together with the host genome, can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus propagate the unique properties of the holobiont. The microbial symbionts and the host interact in a cooperative way that affects the health of the holobiont within its environment. Beneficial microbiota protects against pathogens, provides essential nutrients, catabolizes complex polysaccharides, renders harmful chemicals inert, and contributes to the performance of the immune system. In humans and animals, the microbiota also plays a role in behavior. The sum of these cooperative interactions characterizes the holobiont as a unique biological entity. Genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in either the host genome or the microbial population genomes (microbiome). Evolution by cooperation can occur by amplifying existing microbes, gaining novel microbiota and by acquiring microbial and viral genes. Under environmental stress, the microbiome can change more rapidly and in response to more processes than the host organism alone and thus influences the evolution of the holobiont. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and phage therapy are discussed as applied aspects of the hologenome concept.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Life Course Health Development by : Neal Halfon
Download or read book Handbook of Life Course Health Development written by Neal Halfon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.
Download or read book Human Microbiome written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbes and the Mind by : C.S.M. Cowan
Download or read book Microbes and the Mind written by C.S.M. Cowan and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the mind-body connection has grown in recent years, with accumulating evidence showing that the gut microbiome can alter behavioral, neural, and psychological outcomes. This publication brings together a group of international experts who are investigating the microbiome and its potential to contribute to the causes and treatment of mental illness. The contributions are not aimed solely at specialists in clinical and experimental neuroscience. They cover a range of key topics, including the role of the microbiome in mental health and specific psychiatric disorders that occur across the lifespan, interactions with the immune system, diet, and pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the microbial metabolite production and the potential for psychobiotic interventions that target the microbiome to improve mental health outcomes are discussed. This book is unique in its focus on the mechanisms and consequences of the activities of gut microorganisms in mental health and illness, providing expert insight into the current state of the art and important future directions for this emerging area of research. Additionally, it provides an excellent knowledge base for newcomers and a refresher for researchers and clinicians working in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, or psychiatry.
Book Synopsis Missing Microbes by : Martin J. Blaser, MD
Download or read book Missing Microbes written by Martin J. Blaser, MD and published by Henry Holt and Company. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “In Missing Microbes, Martin Blaser sounds [an] alarm. He patiently and thoroughly builds a compelling case that the threat of antibiotic overuse goes far beyond resistant infections.”—Nature Renowned microbiologist Dr. Martin J. Blaser invites us into the wilds of the human microbiome, where for hundreds of thousands of years bacterial and human cells have existed in a peaceful symbiosis that is responsible for the equilibrium and health of our bodies. Now this invisible Eden is under assault from our overreliance on medical advances including antibiotics and caesarian sections, threatening the extinction of our irreplaceable microbes and leading to severe health consequences. Taking us into the lab to recount his groundbreaking studies, Blaser not only provides elegant support for his theory, he guides us to what we can do to avoid even more catastrophic health problems in the future. “Missing Microbes is science writing at its very best—crisply argued and beautifully written, with stunning insights about the human microbiome and workable solutions to an urgent global crisis.”—David M. Oshinsky, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning Polio: An American Story
Book Synopsis Exercise and Diabetes by : Sheri R. Colberg
Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.
Book Synopsis Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications by : Paramjit S. Tappia
Download or read book Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications written by Paramjit S. Tappia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the World Health Organization, the epidemic of global obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, over 650 million of which were obese. Being overweight and obese has been linked to a number of non-communicable, chronic diseases. Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications is a compilation of review articles dedicated to describe co-morbidities associated with obesity. The wide range that is covered is of significant interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students who are engaged in studying obesity-induced health complications. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related illnesses. Nineteen articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to provide an overview of obesity-induced health complications. The first section serves as an introductory section on the prevalence, causes, consequences, treatments and preventive approaches for obesity. Section two covers the metabolic disturbances and inflammation due to obesity. The third section is focused on neurological and visceral complications as a consequence of obesity. The final section covers strategies for the prevention of obesity-induced complications. The book illustrates that obesity can result in a diverse range of pathophysiological conditions that adversely affect health.
Book Synopsis The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host-Microbe Interactions by : Zongxin Ling
Download or read book The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host-Microbe Interactions written by Zongxin Ling and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
