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Impact Of Maternal And Child Health Private Expenditure On Poverty And Inequity
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Book Synopsis Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity written by Asian Development Bank and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government of Bangladesh has made it a priority to expand access by the poor to maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) services. Central to its strategy is the provision of healthcare services at free or nearly free prices through Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) facilities. However, poor families make less use of MOHFW services than the non-poor, and many patients are reported to incur significant costs at MOHFW facilities. The Patient Exit Survey (PES) 2011 carried out exit interviews of over 5,000 inpatients and outpatients at a representative sample of MOHFW facilities in order to find out why patients incur out-of-pocket expenses at MOHFW facilities, to quantify their size, and to assess the impact of demand-side financing (DSF) pilot schemes on patient out-of-pocket costs and utilization of MNCH services. Almost all outpatients and inpatients report out-of-pocket expenses associated with their healthcare visits. These fall into four categories: (i) travel costs to reach the healthcare institution, (ii) official fees charged by MOHFW facilities, (iii) informal or unofficial fees paid to persons inside the facility to obtain services or other benefits, and (iv) the costs of purchasing medicines recommended by the medical staff that which are not available at the health facility. The major out-of-pocket expense reported is purchasing medicines and supplies that are recommended by medical staff but are not available at the facility. About 50% of outpatients and over 90% of inpatients report such costs, which average Tk301 per outpatient and Tk980 per inpatient. Travel costs to the facility average Tk27 for outpatients and Tk131 for inpatients, however, travel costs for expectant mothers are much higher and average Tk220. About 50% of outpatients and 75% of inpatients report having to pay official fees, with inpatient women who had delivered, reporting higher-than-average fees. The incidence of informal payments is much lower than anticipated, with most outpatients reporting no such expenses. There have been large increases since 2006 in facility childbirths at facilities enrolled in the DSF schemes, with the greatest impact seen in those enrolled in the universal DSF schemes. However, findings show that the DSF actual out-of-pocket costs incurred at the time of treatment are no lower at DSF enrolled facilities, and that equity of utilization does not seem to have been improved.
Book Synopsis Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity in Bangladesh by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity in Bangladesh written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government of Bangladesh has made it a priority to expand access to maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) services. However, healthcare services in Bangladesh are predominantly financed through household out-of-pocket expenditures. This study used a number of different data sources and innovative methods to determine overall expenditures on MNCH treatment, and how they are financed. Total expenditure on MNCH patient services is estimated at Taka 17.3 billion in fiscal year 2007, which represents 12% of total recurrent expenditures on health. Of this expenditure, 60% was for treating children under the age of 5 years, and only 28% was for childbirth care. In terms of financing, the government financed only 28% of this expenditure. More than two- thirds of MNCH expenditures in 2006-2007 was financed through household out-of-pocket spending, most of which was spent on purchasing medicines and other commodities from private pharmacies. The findings suggest the need for substantial increases in public funding of MNCH services, with the prioritization of increased funding to childbirth care and improving the availability of medicines at MOHFW facilities
Book Synopsis Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity: Review of the Literature on the Extent and Mechanisms by which by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity: Review of the Literature on the Extent and Mechanisms by which written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing the burden of poor maternal, neonatal, and child health ill-health requires improvements in both the supply and use of effective maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) services. The financial costs of treatment are known globally to be a major barrier to accessing essential care, potentially imposing considerable burdens on households. To find out what was known about the scale and impact on families of out-of-pocket expenditures in accessing MNCH care in the Asia-Pacific region, this study undertook a systematic review of the global and regional evidence. The findings show that despite significant progress in improving coverage in the region, millions of families in the region continue to face financial barriers to accessing essential MNCH care, and experience significant financial hardships as a result of out-of-pocket payments. It points to areas where the research needs to be improved both methodologically and in terms of geographical coverage, and where better policies might make a difference.
Download or read book Meteosat Second Generation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity in Bangladesh : Ou-of-pocket Payments by Patients at Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Facilities in Bangladesh and the Impact of the Maternal Voucher Scheme on Costs and Access of Mothers and Children : Technical Report B. by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Impact of Maternal and Child Health Private Expenditure on Poverty and Inequity in Bangladesh : Ou-of-pocket Payments by Patients at Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Facilities in Bangladesh and the Impact of the Maternal Voucher Scheme on Costs and Access of Mothers and Children : Technical Report B. written by Asian Development Bank and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309483980 Total Pages :619 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by : Robert Black
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Book Synopsis Key Policies for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities by : Centers of Disease Control
Download or read book Key Policies for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities written by Centers of Disease Control and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-09-27 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence indicates that actions within four main themes (early child development fair employment and decent work social protection and the living environment) are likely to have the greatest impact on the social determinants of health and health inequities. A systematic search and analysis of recommendations and policy guidelines from intergovernmental organizations and international bodies identified practical policy options for action on social determinants within these four themes. Policy options focused on early childhood education and care; child poverty; investment strategies for an inclusive economy; active labour market programmes; working conditions; social cash transfers; affordable housing; and planning and regulatory mechanisms to improve air quality and mitigate climate change. Applying combinations of these policy options alongside effective governance for health equity should enable WHO European Region Member States to reduce health inequities and synergize efforts to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Book Synopsis The State of the World's Children 2009 by : UNICEF.
Download or read book The State of the World's Children 2009 written by UNICEF. and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2008 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having a child remains one of the biggest health risks for women worldwide. Fifteen hundred women die every day while giving birth. That's a half a million mothers every year. UNICEF's flagship publication, The State of the World's Children 2009, addresses maternal mortality, one of the most intractable problems for development work.The difference in pregnancy risk between women in developing countries and their peers in the industrialised world is often termed the greatest health divide in the world. A woman in Niger has a one in seven chance of dying during the course of her lifetime from complications during pregnancy or delivery. That's in stark contrast to the risk for mothers in America, where it's one in 4,800 or in Ireland, where it's just one in 48,000. Addressing that gap is a multidisciplinary challenge, requiring an emphasis on education, human resources, community involvement and social equality. At a minimum, women must be guaranteed antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, and postpartum care. These essential interventions will only be guaranteed within the context of improved education and the abolition of discrimination.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Health Inequality Monitoring by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Handbook on Health Inequality Monitoring written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Handbook on health inequality monitoring: with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries is a resource that enables countries to do just that. It presents a comprehensive yet clear overview of health inequality monitoring in a user-friendly manner. The handbook succeeds in giving those involved in health inequality monitoring an appreciation of the complexities of the process, as well as building the practical knowledge and skills for systematic monitoring of health inequalities in low- and middle-income countries. The use of the handbook will enable countries to better monitor and evaluate their progress and performance with a high degree of accountability and transparency, and allow them to use the results to formulate evidenced-based policies, programmes and practices to tackle inequalities in an effective manner."--Publisher's description.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309669820 Total Pages :369 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (96 download)
Book Synopsis Birth Settings in America by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.
Book Synopsis Impact of out-of-pocket expenditures on families and barriers to use of maternal and child health services in Asia and the Pacific: Evidence from national household surveys of healthcare use and expenditures—summary technical report by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Impact of out-of-pocket expenditures on families and barriers to use of maternal and child health services in Asia and the Pacific: Evidence from national household surveys of healthcare use and expenditures—summary technical report written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The burden of poor maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) remains unacceptably high in many developing member countries (DMCs). To understand the barriers facing households in accessing MNCH care, the ADB technical assistance project RETA-6515 analyzed data from routine national household expenditure surveys in six DMCs: Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR),Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, and Timor-Leste. The findings reveal not only the rich evidence base available in these surveys, but also show how healthcare costs, quality, and physical barriers play differing roles in different countries in preventing access, and how families are often impoverished by accessing needed care.
Book Synopsis Asian Development Outlook 2014 by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Asian Development Outlook 2014 written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Asian Development Outlook 2014 projects that developing Asia's growth will increase from 6.1% in 2013 to 6.2% in 2014 and 6.4% in 2015. Moderating growth in the People's Republic of China as its economy adjusts to more balanced growth will offset to some extent the stronger demand expected from the industrial countries as their economies recover. Risks to the outlook have eased and are manageable. The monetary policy shift in the United States may invite some volatility ahead in financial markets, albeit mitigated by accommodative monetary policy in Japan and the euro area. The regional growth outlook depends on continued recovery in the major industrial economies and on the People's Republic of China managing to contain internal credit growth smoothly. Widening income gaps in developing Asia strengthens the case for greater use of fiscal policy to foster equality of opportunity. While the region has benefited from fiscal prudence in the past, demographic and environmental challenges are expected to compete for public resources in the coming years. To boost public spending on equity-enhancing programs such as education and health without undermining fiscal sustainability, the authorities will need to explore a wide range of options for mobilizing revenue and to build equity objectives into their fiscal plans.
Book Synopsis Towards Newborn Survival by : Sandhya R. Mahapatro
Download or read book Towards Newborn Survival written by Sandhya R. Mahapatro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-23 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive study of the complexities of newborn survival in resource-poor regions, using the state of Bihar (India) as a case study. It provides important lessons for other low-performing countries, in similar socioeconomic contexts, where newborn survival is a major challenge. The volume opens with a brief account of the trends and regional variations in neonatal mortality. The empirical verification of socio-cultural, economic and health system barriers and the state interventions that affect newborn survival are subsequently explored. Innovative strategies are then proposed to scale up maternal newborn and child health (MNCH) services and improve neonatal health outcomes. Addressing this issue through appropriate policy action is essential to achieving Sustainable Development Goal-3, "Good Health and Well-being". This book will therefore appeal to public health scholars, professionals and policymakers interested in improving outcomes in low-income regions.
Book Synopsis Impact Investment Funds for Frontier Markets in Southeast Asia by : Manuel Stagars
Download or read book Impact Investment Funds for Frontier Markets in Southeast Asia written by Manuel Stagars and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-28 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now, most socially responsible and impact investments have centred on developed markets, with growth potential and investment opportunities in the frontier economies of countries such as Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam being mostly overlooked. While some individuals and organizations have begun to develop responsible investment opportunities with these countries in mind, large new sources of capital for development could still emerge. This book explores the greater potential for global investment in Southeast Asia, and the ways in which socially responsible investment styles can be used in their developing economies. It demonstrates how the benefits of investment could create a robust platform for separate stakeholders, including governments, non-governmental organizations, development banks, the financial sector, and small and medium sized enterprises. The author explores how shaping collaborative sustainable investment policies could speed up inclusive development, address the needs of those at the bottom of the pyramid, and ensure sustainable future growth.
