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Author : Julie Ann Kolb Pendergrast
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (185 download)
Download or read book Impact of Caches in Multiprocessor Systems written by Julie Ann Kolb Pendergrast and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michel Dubois
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461315379
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Cache and Interconnect Architectures in Multiprocessors written by Michel Dubois and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cache And Interconnect Architectures In Multiprocessors Eilat, Israel May 25-261989 Michel Dubois UniversityofSouthernCalifornia Shreekant S. Thakkar SequentComputerSystems The aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers working on cache coherence protocols for shared-memory multiprocessors with various interconnect architectures. Shared-memory multiprocessors have become viable systems for many applications. Bus based shared-memory systems (Eg. Sequent's Symmetry, Encore's Multimax) are currently limited to 32 processors. The fIrst goal of the workshop was to learn about the performance ofapplications on current cache-based systems. The second goal was to learn about new network architectures and protocols for future scalable systems. These protocols and interconnects would allow shared-memory architectures to scale beyond current imitations. The workshop had 20 speakers who talked about their current research. The discussions were lively and cordial enough to keep the participants away from the wonderful sand and sun for two days. The participants got to know each other well and were able to share their thoughts in an informal manner. The workshop was organized into several sessions. The summary of each session is described below. This book presents revisions of some of the papers presented at the workshop.
Author : Igor Tartalja
Publisher : Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Cache Coherence Problem in Shared-Memory Multiprocessors written by Igor Tartalja and published by Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press. This book was released on 1996-02-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book illustrates state-of-the-art software solutions for cache coherence maintenance in shared-memory multiprocessors. It begins with a brief overview of the cache coherence problem and introduces software solutions to the problem. The text defines and details static and dynamic software schemes, techniques for modeling performance evaluation mechanisms, and performance evaluation studies.
Author : Agarwal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461316235
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Cache Performance for Operating Systems and Multiprogramming written by Agarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we continue to build faster and fast. er computers, their performance is be coming increasingly dependent on the memory hierarchy. Both the clock speed of the machine and its throughput per clock depend heavily on the memory hierarchy. The time to complet. e a cache acce88 is oft. en the factor that det. er mines the cycle time. The effectiveness of the hierarchy in keeping the average cost of a reference down has a major impact on how close the sustained per formance is to the peak performance. Small changes in the performance of the memory hierarchy cause large changes in overall system performance. The strong growth of ruse machines, whose performance is more tightly coupled to the memory hierarchy, has created increasing demand for high performance memory systems. This trend is likely to accelerate: the improvements in main memory performance will be small compared to the improvements in processor performance. This difference will lead to an increasing gap between prOCe880r cycle time and main memory acce. time. This gap must be closed by improving the memory hierarchy. Computer architects have attacked this gap by designing machines with cache sizes an order of magnitude larger than those appearing five years ago. Microproce880r-based RISe systems now have caches that rival the size of those in mainframes and supercomputers.
Author : Gunjan K. Sinha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Design and Analysis of High Performance Cache Memories for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems written by Gunjan K. Sinha and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Center for Supercomputing Research and Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Design Issues and Their Performance Impact in Systems with Directory-based Caches written by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Center for Supercomputing Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Directory schemes have been proposed to solve the cache coherence problem for large-scale multiprocessor systems. Most of previous studies concentrated on cost reduction for the design of directory schemes. With scalable directory design, there are various design parameters that affect its performance. Their impact is impossible to predict. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of these parameters on the performance of directory schemes concentrating on shared data, including cache organization, directory protocols, scalability and memory latency. We also analyze the resource contention and coherence delays of directory schemes and discuss possible improvements."
Author : Daniel Sorin
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608455653
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Daniel Sorin and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-03-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
Author : Steven A. Przybylski
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080500595
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Cache and Memory Hierarchy Design written by Steven A. Przybylski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative book for hardware and software designers. Caches are by far the simplest and most effective mechanism for improving computer performance. This innovative book exposes the characteristics of performance-optimal single and multi-level cache hierarchies by approaching the cache design process through the novel perspective of minimizing execution times. It presents useful data on the relative performance of a wide spectrum of machines and offers empirical and analytical evaluations of the underlying phenomena. This book will help computer professionals appreciate the impact of caches and enable designers to maximize performance given particular implementation constraints.
Author : Raj Vaswani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (27 download)
Download or read book The Implications of Cache Affinity on Processor Scheduling for Multiprogrammed, Shared Memory Multiprocessors written by Raj Vaswani and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "In a shared memory multiprocessor with caches, executing tasks develop 'affinity' to processors by filling their caches with data and instructions during their computation. A policy that schedules processors without considering this affinity may waste processing power by causing excessive amounts of cache refilling. Our work focuses on quantifying the effect of processor reallocation on the performance of parallel applications multiprogrammed on a shared memory multiprocessor, and on evaluating how the magnitude of this cost affects the appropriate choice of processor allocation policy. We first identify the components of application response time, including processor reallocation costs
Author : Ram Prasad Mohanty
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659562129
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (621 download)
Download or read book Performance Enhancement in Multicore Processors written by Ram Prasad Mohanty and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-22 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing number of cores increases the demand for a powerful memory subsystem which leads to enhancement in the size of caches in multicore processors. Caches are responsible for giving processing elements a faster, higher bandwidth local memory to work with. This text presents an analysis to study the impact of cache size on performance of Multi-core processors by varying L1 and L2 cache size on the multicore processor with internal network (MPIN) referenced from NIAGRA architecture. The effect of interconnections on the performance of multicore processors has been analyzed and a novel scalable, on-chip interconnection mechanism (INOC) for multicore processors has been proposed. A full system simulator multi2sim has been used to analyze the performance of different proposed architectures using Splash2 benchmark.
Author : Vijay Nagarajan
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1681737108
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (817 download)
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Vijay Nagarajan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
Author : Rajeev Balasubramonian
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303101734X
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Multi-Core Cache Hierarchies written by Rajeev Balasubramonian and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key determinant of overall system performance and power dissipation is the cache hierarchy since access to off-chip memory consumes many more cycles and energy than on-chip accesses. In addition, multi-core processors are expected to place ever higher bandwidth demands on the memory system. All these issues make it important to avoid off-chip memory access by improving the efficiency of the on-chip cache. Future multi-core processors will have many large cache banks connected by a network and shared by many cores. Hence, many important problems must be solved: cache resources must be allocated across many cores, data must be placed in cache banks that are near the accessing core, and the most important data must be identified for retention. Finally, difficulties in scaling existing technologies require adapting to and exploiting new technology constraints. The book attempts a synthesis of recent cache research that has focused on innovations for multi-core processors. It is an excellent starting point for early-stage graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to understand the landscape of recent cache research. The book is suitable as a reference for advanced computer architecture classes as well as for experienced researchers and VLSI engineers. Table of Contents: Basic Elements of Large Cache Design / Organizing Data in CMP Last Level Caches / Policies Impacting Cache Hit Rates / Interconnection Networks within Large Caches / Technology / Concluding Remarks
Author : Chun Xia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Exploiting Multiprocessor Memory Hierarchies for Operating Systems written by Chun Xia and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "With the increasing gap between processor speed and memory speed, a sophisticated memory hierarchy is key to high performance. However, the operating system tends to use the memory hierarchy poorly. This thesis presents a comprehensive characterization and optimization of the performance of multiprocessor memory hierarchies for operating systems. The operating system instruction cache misses are reduced by 81% using a code reorganization scheme tailored to the operating system, guarded sequential prefetching, and stream buffers. The operating system data cache misses are reduced by 53% using a DMA-like pipelined block transfer engine, a selective update protocol, data relocation and privatization, and data prefetching in miss hot spots. The overall OS time is reduced by 32%. The cost-performance trade-offs of the software/hardware optimization schemes are also discussed."
Author : Jeffrey Blair Rothman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Sector Caches for Uni- and Multiprocessor Systems written by Jeffrey Blair Rothman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mohamed Bamakhrama
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640112601
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Embedded Multiprocessor System-on-Chip for Access Network Processing written by Mohamed Bamakhrama and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Applied, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Munich (Institute for Informatics), 82 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Multicore systems are dominating the processor market; they enable the increase in computing power of a single chip in proportion to the Moore's law-driven increase in number of transistors. A similar evolution is observed in the system-on-chip (SoC) market through the emergence of multi-processor SoC (MPSoC) designs. Nevertheless, MPSoCs introduce some challenges to the system architects concerning the efficient design of memory hierarchies and system interconnects while maintaining the low power and cost constraints. In this master thesis, I try to address some of these challenges: namely, non-cache coherent DMA transfers in MPSoCs, low instruction cache utilization by OS codes, and factors governing the system throughput in MPSoC designs. These issues are investigated using the empirical and simulation approaches. Empirical studies are conducted on the Danube platform. Danube is a commercial MPSoC platform that is based on two 32-bit MIPS cores and developed by Infineon Technologies AG for deployment in access network processing equipments such as integrated access devices, customer premises equipments, and home gateways. Simulation-based studies are conducted on a system based on the ARM MPCore architecture. Achievements include the successful implementation and testing of novel hardware and software solutions for improving the performance of non-cache coherent DMA transfers in MPSoCs. Several techniques for reducing the instruction cache miss rate are investigated and applied. Finally, a qualitative analysis of the impact of instruction reuse, number of cores, and memory bandwidth on the system throughput in MPSoC systems is presented.
Author : Norihisa Suzuki
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262193221
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (932 download)
Download or read book Shared Memory Multiprocessing written by Norihisa Suzuki and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shared memory multiprocessors are becoming the dominant architecture for small-scale parallel computation. This book is the first to provide a coherent review of current research in shared memory multiprocessing in the United States and Japan. It focuses particularly on scalable architecture that will be able to support hundreds of microprocessors as well as on efficient and economical ways of connecting these fast microprocessors. The 20 contributions are divided into sections covering the experience to date with multiprocessors, cache coherency, software systems, and examples of scalable shared memory multiprocessors.
Author : Raman Nayyar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (299 download)
Download or read book Performance Analysis of a Hierarchical, Cache-coherent, Shared Memory Based, Multi-processor System written by Raman Nayyar and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
