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Impact Of Agroforestry Plantations Grown With Agricultural Drainwater On Avian Abundance And Diversity In The San Joaquin Valley California
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Book Synopsis Impact of Agroforestry Plantations Grown with Agricultural Drainwater on Avian Abundance and Diversity in the San Joaquin Valley, California by : Troy David Kelly
Download or read book Impact of Agroforestry Plantations Grown with Agricultural Drainwater on Avian Abundance and Diversity in the San Joaquin Valley, California written by Troy David Kelly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 38 (thesis year 1993) a total of 13,787 thesis titles from 22 Canadian and 164 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 38 reports theses submitted in 1993, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Book Synopsis Wildlife Use of Agroforestry Plantations in the San Joaquin Valley of California by : David L. Chesemore
Download or read book Wildlife Use of Agroforestry Plantations in the San Joaquin Valley of California written by David L. Chesemore and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report RM. written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agroforestry and Sustainable Systems by : W. J. Rietveld
Download or read book Agroforestry and Sustainable Systems written by W. J. Rietveld and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Sade H Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Sade H Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cited in Sheehy, Chen, and Hurt . Volume 38 (thesis year 1993) reports a total of 13,787 thesis titles from 22 Canadian and 164 US universities. As in previous volumes, thesis titles are arranged by discipline and by university within each discipline. Any accredited university or college with a grad
Book Synopsis Masters Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Masters Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agroforestry and Sustainable Systems by :
Download or read book Agroforestry and Sustainable Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index by :
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrating Avian Conservation, Community Ecology, and Insect Pest Management in California Vineyards by : Julie A. Jedlicka
Download or read book Integrating Avian Conservation, Community Ecology, and Insect Pest Management in California Vineyards written by Julie A. Jedlicka and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Avian Diversity, Pest-reduction Services, and Habitat Quality in an Intensive Temperate Agricultural Landscape by : Sacha Katharine Heath
Download or read book Avian Diversity, Pest-reduction Services, and Habitat Quality in an Intensive Temperate Agricultural Landscape written by Sacha Katharine Heath and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty-four percent of Earth’s arable land has been converted to agricultural uses, and increased agricultural intensification has been correlated with contemporary decreases in avian abundance and functional diversity. Farm-scale biodiversity enhancement features such as native woody plant hedgerows have been planted in crop margins with the expectations of attracting beneficial predators and pollinators, and of improved pest control and pollination services in adjacent crops. Despite ongoing investment and perceived benefits of these types of enhancements for biodiversity, few evaluations have tested their effectiveness at increasing avian diversity. A growing body of research has quantified crop pest reduction by birds with indirect benefits for yield, yet few studies have evaluated whether farm-scale conservation activities improve effect sizes of these services. Further, whether or not crop margin habitats confer fitness benefits necessary for avian population viability (i.e., survival and reproduction) remains almost entirely unstudied. On each of these fronts, landscape effects can counteract or interact synergistically with the effects of local activities, and assessment of farmland habitat enhancement must be done with explicit reference to landscape context. I conducted field research in a system of extant woody hedgerows and semi-natural riparian habitat patches among farmlands of the Sacramento Valley of California’s Central Valley, USA to investigate three questions. Does farm-scale biodiversity enhancement and retention of semi-natural landscape habitat 1) influence patterns in avian abundance and diversity, 2) increase the rate of pest reduction by birds in adjacent crops, and 3) provide quality habitat and confer fitness benefits for avian occupants? In Chapter 1, and with collaborators, I sampled birds and habitat characteristics in 111 crop margins and landscape buffers during two winter and breeding seasons. We found that margins with hedgerows, treelines, or remnant riparian habitat harbored 2–3 times as many bird species and 3–6 times greater abundance than bare or weedy margins. Margin habitat type interacted with distance from semi-natural woodlands; hedgerow or riparian margins further from woodlands harbored more bird species. In Chapter 2, I performed a sentinel prey exclosure experiment in walnuts to compare pest cocoon predation rates by birds in 10 orchards with and 10 orchards without woody vegetation patches in their margins, and I characterized semi-natural cover within landscape buffers. Avian predator richness and abundance was greater in habitat orchard margins than in bare margins, and birds were confirmed predators of 23±29% pest cocoons per orchard (range 0 – 80%). Pest predation rates did not increase with the presence of woody margin habitat. Instead, predation rates increased with the increasing size of orchard trees, avian predator abundance, and percentage of semi-natural cover in the landscape. In Chapter 3, I used a suite of environmental, body condition, and population measures in long-distance migratory Zonotrichia sparrows to quantify habitat quality at hedgerows and natural reserves along a gradient of connectivity and landscape habitat amount. Abundance and within-winter apparent survival was highest in connected hedgerows and natural reserves with the most woodland landscape cover. Isolated hedgerows were of poor quality for first year Gambel’s white-crowned sparrows (Z. leucophrys gambelii) and the differences in within-winter apparent survival between first year and adult birds decreased significantly with increasing woodland landscape cover. The combined results suggest that farm scale habitat enhancement can be beneficial for birds in terms of local abundance and diversity, and within-winter apparent survival if connected to and among a sufficient percentage of other similar habitats. Farm scale enhancements can also be beneficial to growers by increasing the number of avian predators of crop pests. Yet, growers appear to benefit most by having crops located in landscapes with greater percentages of semi-natural landscape cover, where avian predation rates of crop pests were highest.
Book Synopsis Diversity and Abundance of Birds Across a Hardwood Gradient in Early Seral Douglas-fir Plantations by : Tana M. Ellis
Download or read book Diversity and Abundance of Birds Across a Hardwood Gradient in Early Seral Douglas-fir Plantations written by Tana M. Ellis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent evidence suggests that population declines of some avian species may be driven primarily by reduced quantity and diversity of early-successional habitat on the breeding grounds. Increasing intensity of forest management on private lands and decreased harvest rates on federal lands has resulted in a loss of the diverse early-successional stage of forest succession, typically called early seral forest. Previous studies suggest that the amount of early seral broadleaf cover within conifer forests is important to foliage-gleaning bird communities. However, information regarding bird abundance, diversity, productivity and juvenile post-breeding habitat use in highly modified plantation habitat is scant. I investigated the association between broadleaved hardwood cover and avian abundance and diversity in intensively managed early seral Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands of the Pacific Northwest. I examined this relationship at the community-level, within the insectivorous foliage-gleaning guild, and for five leaf gleaning Neotropical migrant species: orange-crowned warbler (Oreothlypis celata), Wilson's warbler (Wilsonia pusilla), MacGillivray's warbler (Oporornis tolmiei), Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus), and black-headed grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus). Bird species richness decreased across an elevational gradient, but did not appear to vary as a function of either local vegetation composition or structure. In contrast, bird abundance was strongly associated with hardwood cover at local and landscape scales, especially for foliage-gleaning species. We found strong support for the existence of a threshold in relative bird abundance as a function of hardwood at the stand scale; abundance doubled with an increase from 1% to ~6% hardwood and then reached a plateau. Though abundance of leaf gleaners increased even more strongly across a gradient in hardwood, evidence for a distinct threshold was less clear. Though in some cases unexplained variation was quite large, all species except MacGillivray's warbler were strongly positively associated with early seral hardwood cover as fledglings, breeding adults, or both. Management practices aimed at retaining increased amounts of early seral hardwood cover at the stand level is thus likely to accommodate a greater number of breeding pairs and young. If adopted at landscape and regional scales, such practices may positively influence population trends of many declining bird species. We conclude that when early seral hardwood forest is scarce, even small increases in hardwood may provide substantial conservation benefits. However, for some species (i.e., foliage gleaners), there may be more direct trade-offs in abundance and juvenile recruitment with management intensity.
Book Synopsis Vineyard Landscapes Impact Bird Community and Interactions in Mediterranean-climate Agroecosystems by : Andrés Sebastián Muñoz-Sáez
Download or read book Vineyard Landscapes Impact Bird Community and Interactions in Mediterranean-climate Agroecosystems written by Andrés Sebastián Muñoz-Sáez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture is a primary driver of global change and biodiversity loss. Several approaches have been proposed to enhance biodiversity conservation in agriculture in order to protect ecosystems while maintaining agricultural production, a critical strategy to stave off a sixth mass extinction. Globally, I reviewed 205 studies to evaluate different conservation strategies within agroecosystems that may impact bird conservation. The results reveal that agroecological practices such as increasing structural heterogeneity in agricultural fields, eliminating reliance on agrochemical inputs, and providing supplementary habitat within farms can enhance bird wildlife within agroecosystems. Interestingly, there is a paucity of studies quantifying the influence of vineyards on bird communities in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems. Human settlement preference for mediterranean type ecosystems globally has resulted in constant agricultural pressure on these areas. These ecosystems have high rates of endemic biota and include some of the 35 global conservation priority sites. This dissertation addresses the influence of the vineyards on wildlands and vice versa in two new world mediterranean-climate regions, Chile and California. I evaluated the impact of vineyards on bird communities using two natural experiments across gradients of increasing vineyard proportion in the landscape. The first study, conducted in oak woodland fragments surrounded by a vineyard matrix in California, revealed that a subset of birds were significantly associated with increasing vineyard proportion. These birds, designated as agricultural adapters, negatively interacted with the rest of the bird community, revealing a secondary mechanism of the influence of agricultural land use change, in addition to the well-characterized primary mechanism involving loss of habitat. Secondly, in Chile, I assessed the influence of surrounding native Matorral vegetation and habitat fragments within vineyards on birds. Findings showed that proportion of fragments within the vineyard and the proportion of native vegetation surrounding vineyards increase abundance of endemics, insectivores, granivores, and omnivores, indicating that the proportion of fragments can be managed to enhance conservation efforts within vineyard landscapes. Lastly, I compared the influence of vineyards on bird communities in Chile and California. Results from this comparative study reveal that vineyards significantly influence bird communities in both study regions, increasing the abundance of agriculturally adapted species. Co-occurrence analysis showed that these agricultural adapter species are often found together and, importantly, negatively interact with other species in surrounding natural areas. These results provide new insight for conservation efforts in agroecosystems as well as information to guide conservation strategies in mediterranean-climate agroecosystems. Specifically, the results suggest that conservation efforts should emphasize the importance of large patches of native vegetation and maintaining fragments of native vegetation within vineyards. These results can help conservation practitioners and farmers promote biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. La agricultura es uno de los impulsores del cambio global y pérdida de biodiversidad. Varias aproximaciones han sido propuestas para incrementar la conservación de la biodiversidad en agricultura, en orden de proteger ecosistemas y mantener la producción agrícola, las cuales son estrategias claves para prevenir la sexta extinción masiva. Mundialmente, revisé 205 estudios para evaluar diferentes estrategias de conservación en agroecosistemas que pueden impactar la conservación de aves. Los resultados revelaron que las prácticas agroecológicas tales como incremento de la heterogeneidad estructural en los campos agrícolas, eliminación de la dependencia en aplicaciones agroquímicas, y provisión de hábitat suplementario dentro de los campos puede incrementar aves en agroecosistemas. Interesantemente, existe una escasez de estudios que cuantifiquen la influencia de las viñas en comunidades de aves en ecosistemas de clima mediterráneo. La preferencia de los asentamientos humanos por ecosistemas de tipo mediterráneo a nivel mundial a resultado en una presión constante sobre estas áreas. Estos ecosistemas presentan una alta tasa de biota endémica y corresponden a uno de los los 35 sitios prioritarios para la conservación global. Esta tesis doctoral aborda la influencia de viñedos en áreas naturales (y viceversa) en dos regiones de clima mediterráneo del Nuevo Mundo, Chile y California. Evalué el impacto de los viñedos en las comunidades de aves utilizando dos experimentos naturales en un gradiente de proporción de viñedos en el paisaje. El primer estudio fue llevado a cabo en fragmentos de bosque de robles rodeados por una matriz de viñedos en California, revelando que un subconjunto de aves fue significativamente asociado a un incremento en la proporción de viñedos. Estas aves, designadas como adaptadas a la agricultura, interactuaron negativamente con el resto de la comunidad de aves, revelando un mecanismo secundario de la influencia del cambio de uso de suelo por la agricultura, en adición a mecanismos primario más estudiados que se relacionan a la pérdida de hábitat. En segundo lugar, evalué en viñedos chilenos la influencia de la circundante vegetación de Matorral y los fragmentos de hábitat en aves. Los resultados mostraron que la proporción de los fragmentos en los viñedos y que la proporción de vegetación nativa circundante a la viña incrementa la abundancia de aves endémicas, insectívoras, granívoras y omnívoras, indicando que la proporción de fragmentos puede ser gestionar e incrementar esfuerzos de conservación dentro de paisajes de viñedos. Finalmente, comparé la influencia de los viñedos en las comunidades de aves en Chile y California. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que los viñedos influyeron significativamente a las comunidades de aves en ambas regiones, incrementando la abundancia de aves adaptadas a la agricultura. los análisis de co-occurrencia mostraron que estas aves adaptadas a la agricultura son a menudo encontradas juntas y, relevantemente, interactuaron negativamente con otras especies en la vegetación nativa circundante. Estos resultados proveen nuevo conocimiento para los esfuerzos de conservación en agroecosistemas, tanto como información para guiar estrategias de conservación en agroecosistemas de clima mediterráneo. Específicamente, los resultados sugieren que los esfuerzos de conservación deben ser focalizados en la importancia de fragmentos grandes de vegetación nativa y mantener fragmentos de vegetación nativa en los viñedos. Estos resultados pueden ayudar los profesionales del área de conservación y a agricultores a promover estrategias de conservación en los paisajes agrícolas.
Book Synopsis Shade Trees Preserve Avian Insectivore Biodiversity on Coffee Farms in a Warming Climate by : Sarah L. Schooler
Download or read book Shade Trees Preserve Avian Insectivore Biodiversity on Coffee Farms in a Warming Climate written by Sarah L. Schooler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coffee is an important export in many developing countries, with a global annual trade value of $100 billion. Climate change is projected to drastically reduce the area where coffee is able to be grown. Shade trees may mitigate the effects of climate change through temperature regulation for coffee growth, temperature regulation for pest control, and increase in pest-eating bird diversity. The impact of shade on bird diversity and microclimate on coffee farms has been studied extensively in the Neotropics, but there is a dearth of research in the Paleotropics. I examined the local effects of shade on bird presence and temperature on coffee farms in Kenya and then created regional Maxent models for avian insectivores in East Africa. I adjusted current and future Bioclim layers based on mean differences in temperatures between shade and sun on coffee farms. I then projected models into the future and onto adjusted temperature layers to predict the impact of shade tree removal on climatic suitability for avian insectivores. I found that avian insectivore richness is projected to decrease significantly in the future, as is avian insectivore climatic suitability and suitable area, but shade trees on coffee farms can mediate this. Temperature is not currently a limiting factor for avian insectivores on Kenyan coffee farms, indicating that bird presence is determined by site-level factors. Future temperatures will become a regionally limiting factor for bird distribution in East Africa, but its effects can be potentially mediated through planting and maintaining shade trees on coffee farms.
Book Synopsis Use of Agricultural Drainwater Impoundments by Snowy Plovers in the Southern San Joaquin Valley, California by : Douglas L. Roster
Download or read book Use of Agricultural Drainwater Impoundments by Snowy Plovers in the Southern San Joaquin Valley, California written by Douglas L. Roster and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
