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Impact Des Variations Environnementales Sur La Structure Des Communautes Mammaliennes Et Lanthropisation Des Milieux
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Book Synopsis Impact des variations environnementales sur la structure des communautés mammaliennes et l'anthropisation des milieux by : Hélène Jousse
Download or read book Impact des variations environnementales sur la structure des communautés mammaliennes et l'anthropisation des milieux written by Hélène Jousse and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A l'Holocène (de 10 ka à l'actuel), le climat d'abord humide évolue vers une aridification en Afrique de l'Ouest affectant la structure des communautés mammaliennes. Cette faune est obtenue à travers les restes d'ongulés associés aux occupations humaines. Les espèces présentes encore aujourd'hui montraient une distribution géographiques différentes. En utilisant les exigences écologiques des Bovidae, une méthode de calibrage environnemental a été mise au point, mettant en évidence les particularités locales par rapport au contexte climatique général. Une analyse biométique permet de reconnaître une évolution de la taille des ongulés en relation avec le changement environnemental. L'étude archéozoologique démontre un changement comportemental des hommes néolithiques. Jusque vers 2 ka, l'adoption de l'élevage bovin n'exclue pas la chasse et la pêche. Face à l'aridification, la diversification des activités est une adaptation des modes de subsistance liée à l'appauvrissement du gibier.
Download or read book The Nile written by Henri J. Dumont and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-06 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What have we learnt about the Nile since the mid-1970s, the moment when Julian Rzóska decided that the time had come to publish a comprehensive volume about the biology, and the geological and cultural history of that great river? And what changes have meanwhile occurred in the basin? The human popu- tion has more than doubled, especially in Egypt, but also in East Africa. Locally, industrial development has taken place, and the Aswan High Dam was clearly not the last major infrastructure work that was carried out. More dams have been built, and some water diversions, like the Toshka lakes, have created new expanses of water in the middle of the Sahara desert. What are the effects of all this on the ec- ogy and economy of the Basin? That is what the present book sets out to explore, 33 years after the publi- tion of “The Nile: Biology of an Ancient River”. Thirty-seven authors have taken up the challenge, and have written the “new” book. They come from 13 different countries, and 15 among them represent the largest Nilotic states (Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya). Julian Rzóska died in 1984, and most of the - authors of his book have now either disappeared or retired from research. Only Jack Talling and Samir Ghabbour were still available to participate again.
Book Synopsis Climate Change in Deserts by : Martin Williams
Download or read book Climate Change in Deserts written by Martin Williams and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthesis of the environmental and climatic history of every major desert and desert margin, for researchers and advanced students.
Book Synopsis Communautés de mammifères et environnements by : Sophie Montuire
Download or read book Communautés de mammifères et environnements written by Sophie Montuire and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'ANALYSE DES RELATIONS ENTRE LES FAUNES ET LES MODIFICATIONS ENVIRONNEMENTALES A ETE CONDUITE AUTOUR DES MAMMIFERES DEPUIS LE PLIOCENE EN EUROPE. LA RECONSTITUTION DES MILIEUX A ETE OBTENUE PAR LA METHODE DES CENOGRAMMES. LES RESULTATS MONTRENT QUE LA PENINSULE IBERIQUE, DES LA PREMIERE PARTIE DU PLIOCENE, EST PLUS ARIDE QUE LES AUTRES REGIONS D'EUROPE, ET QUE L'AFRIQUE DE L'EST SUBIT UNE ARIDIFICATION IMPORTANTE A L'AMORCE DES CYCLES GLACIAIRES DANS L'HEMISPHERE NORD. L'ANALYSE DES RELATIONS ENTRE LES FLUCTUATIONS DE LA DIVERSITE ET LES CHANGEMENTS CLIMATIQUES A MONTRE 2 MOMENTS IMPORTANTS: L'UN A -2,3 MA AVEC UNE CHUTE DE DIVERSITE DES GRANDES ESPECES, EN RAPPORT A UN REFROIDISSEMENT IMPORTANT, L'AUTRE A -15000 ANS AVEC UNE FORTE AUGMENTATION DU NOMBRE DE PETITES ESPECES, EN RELATION AVEC L'AMORCE DE LA DEGLACIATION. LA FORTE LIAISON ENTRE LA DISTRIBUTION ACTUELLE DE 2 SOUS-FAMILLES DE RONGEURS ET LES PARAMETRES CLIMATIQUES A PERMIS DE DEVELOPPER UNE NOUVELLE METHODE DE QUANTIFICATION DE CES PARAMETRES. LES DIFFERENTS RESULTATS OBTENUS SONT PRESENTES DANS CE MEMOIRE. PAR AILLEURS, QUELQUES ASPECTS CONCERNANT DES MECANISMES EVOLUTIFS SONT ABORDES. AINSI, UN CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE AGIT COMME UN STRESS SUR LA DIVERSITE. LA RADIATION DES ARVICOLINAE MONTRE LE ROLE DES APPARITIONS SUR LA STABILITE DE LA STRUCTURE PONDERALE DES COMMUNAUTES
Book Synopsis Holocene Palaeoenvironmental History of the Central Sahara by : Roland Baumhauer
Download or read book Holocene Palaeoenvironmental History of the Central Sahara written by Roland Baumhauer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental setting within the Central Sahara was subject to considerable changes during Late Quaternary, mainly driven by major global climate variations, although human impact increased constantly since Early Holocene.Such global events can be reconstructed with the help of reliefs, sediments and palaeosoils and their specific morphological
Download or read book Palaeoecology of Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of African Archaeology written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Archaeofaunal Remains from the Past 4000 Years in Sahelian West Africa by : Veerle Linseele
Download or read book Archaeofaunal Remains from the Past 4000 Years in Sahelian West Africa written by Veerle Linseele and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2007 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 70 Series Editors: John Alexander, Laurence Smith and Timothy Insoll
Book Synopsis Continuité écologique, fragmentation et dynamique spatio-temporelle des communautés en rivières intermittentes by : Julie Crabot
Download or read book Continuité écologique, fragmentation et dynamique spatio-temporelle des communautés en rivières intermittentes written by Julie Crabot and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'écologie vise à comprendre comment les espèces et les individus sont distribués dans l'espace et dans le temps. De nombreux progrès ont récemment été réalisés dans l'analyse spatiale des communautés mais les mécanismes ont souvent été considérés comme à l'équilibre. Cela pourrait affecter la compréhension du rôle de processus déterministes (comme l'influence de facteurs environnementaux locaux) et stochastiques (comme une variation aléatoire du taux de mortalité) dans le maintien des écosystèmes, et d'autant plus pour les milieux dynamiques régulièrement soumis à des changements drastiques des conditions environnementales. Mon objectif dans cette thèse était ainsi d'améliorer la connaissance de la structure spatiale et temporelle des communautés en milieu dynamique en s'appuyant sur le cas de rivières intermittentes, sujettes à des cessation d'écoulement et/ou des assèchements. Le Chapitre 3 a contribué à l'amélioration d'un outil largement utilisé dans les analyses spatiales de communautés. En effet, les tests de Mantel, visant à mesurer la corrélation entre deux matrices de distance et tester sa significativité, sont un outil courant dans l'étude des métacommunautés pour mesurer la contribution du filtre environnemental et de la dispersion. Nous avons montré que la Moran Spectral Randomization permettait de corriger la surestimation de la corrélation entre deux matrices de distance présentant une autocorrélation spatiale. Nos résultats suggèrent que les analyses de communautés fondées sur ces tests ont pu surestimer la part accordée au filtre environnemental dans la structuration des communautés et que notre méthode permettra à de futures analyses de s'affranchir de ce biais. Les tests de Mantel étant utilisé dans d'autres domaines tels que la génétique, l'amélioration que nous proposons pourrait avoir des implications plus larges que le cadre de l'écologie des communautés. Dans le Chapitre 4, j'ai montré que la distribution spatiale et temporelle des assecs pouvait influencer la dynamique des communautés en rivière intermittente. L'influence de la localisation d'une perturbation, définie ici comme un changement extrême des conditions environnementales, sur la structure de communautés avec une dispersion contrainte dans une direction de l'espace avait été testée avec des simulations et sur des mésocosmes mais cela n'avait encore jamais été testé sur des données in situ. Les bassins versants avec des assèchements en amont présentaient des communautés plus dissimilaires entre elles que les communautés de bassins versants avec des assèchements en aval. Les assèchements en amont du réseau ont pu freiner la recolonisation par les organismes aquatiques, conduisant à moins d'homogénéisation des communautés. La fréquence et la durée des assecs avaient également une influence sur la dynamique temporelle des communautés, menant globalement à une plus grande variabilité dans le temps des taxons et des traits biologiques observés à un site, cette relation dépendant par ailleurs de la configuration spatiale d'assèchement. En comparant des rivières françaises exposées à des assèchements depuis des siècles et des rivières tchèques exposées à des assèchements depuis moins d'une décennie et dont l'intermittence est due à des perturbations anthropiques, j'ai montré des différences de réponse des communautés aquatiques à l'intermittence (Chapitre 5). Considérer la diversité bêta spatiale et temporelle a permis de mettre en évidence la plus forte variabilité de composition taxonomique qu'induisent les assèchements sur les communautés des rivières tchèques. De plus, une forte sensibilité des taxons résilients à l'augmentation de l'intermittence ayant été mise en évidence dans le Chapitre 5 pour les rivières qui ne sont pas naturellement intermittentes, l'augmentation de la durée et la longueur des assèchements attendue avec le changement climatique pourraient menacer le rétablissement des communautés après un assec dans ces rivières.
Book Synopsis The Mediterranean region under climate change by : Collectif
Download or read book The Mediterranean region under climate change written by Collectif and published by IRD Éditions. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.
Book Synopsis Ariosto's Bitter Harmony by : Albert Russell Ascoli
Download or read book Ariosto's Bitter Harmony written by Albert Russell Ascoli and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the fundamental Ariostan pairing of education and madness, with all its implications for poetry, Professor Ascoli generates a global reading of the greatest literary work of the Italian Renaissance. Originally published in 1987. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Ariosto 1974 in America by : Aldo D. Scaglione
Download or read book Ariosto 1974 in America written by Aldo D. Scaglione and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning by : Martin Solan
Download or read book Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning written by Martin Solan and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biological composition and richness of most of the Earth's major ecosystems are being dramatically and irreversibly transformed by anthropogenic activity. Yet, despite the vast areal extent of our oceans, the mainstay of research to-date in the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning arena has been weighted towards ecological observations and experimentation in terrestrial plant and soil systems. This book provides a framework for extending these concepts to a variety of marine systems. Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning is the first book to address the latest advances in biodiversity-function science using marine examples. It brings together contributions from the leading scientists in the field to provide an in-depth evaluation of the science, before offering a perspective on future research directions for some of the most pressing environmental issues facing society today and in the future.
Book Synopsis The Battle of Adwa by : Raymond Jonas
Download or read book The Battle of Adwa written by Raymond Jonas and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 1896 a well-disciplined and massive Ethiopian army did the unthinkable-it routed an invading Italian force and brought Italy's war of conquest in Africa to an end. In an age of relentless European expansion, Ethiopia had successfully defended its independence and cast doubt upon an unshakable certainty of the age-that sooner or later all Africans would fall under the rule of Europeans. This event opened a breach that would lead, in the aftermath of world war fifty years later, to the continent's painful struggle for freedom from colonial rule. Raymond Jonas offers the first comprehensive account of this singular episode in modern world history. The narrative is peopled by the ambitious and vain, the creative and the coarse, across Africa, Europe, and the Americas-personalities like Menelik, a biblically inspired provincial monarch who consolidated Ethiopia's throne; Taytu, his quick-witted and aggressive wife; and the Swiss engineer Alfred Ilg, the emperor's close advisor. The Ethiopians' brilliant gamesmanship and savvy public relations campaign helped roll back the Europeanization of Africa. Figures throughout the African diaspora immediately grasped the significance of Adwa, Menelik, and an independent Ethiopia. Writing deftly from a transnational perspective, Jonas puts Adwa in the context of manifest destiny and Jim Crow, signaling a challenge to the very concept of white dominance. By reopening seemingly settled questions of race and empire, the Battle of Adwa was thus a harbinger of the global, unsettled century about to unfold.
Book Synopsis Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa by : Richard W. Battarbee
Download or read book Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa written by Richard W. Battarbee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-12-03 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on two complementary time-scales, the Holocene (approximately the last 11,500 years) and the last glacial-interglacial cycle (approximately the last 130,000 years) to synthesize evidence of climate variability at the regional and continental scale across Europe and Africa. This is the first examination of historical climate variations at such a scale, and thus sets a benchmark for future research.
Book Synopsis Clinical Lectures on Senile and Chronic Diseases by : Jean Martin Charcot
Download or read book Clinical Lectures on Senile and Chronic Diseases written by Jean Martin Charcot and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prehistoric Figurines by : Douglass Bailey
Download or read book Prehistoric Figurines written by Douglass Bailey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully illustrated, Prehistoric Figurines brings a radical new approach to one of the most exciting, but poorly understood artefacts from our prehistoric past. Studying the interpretation of prehistoric figurines from Neolithic southeast Europe, Bailey introduces recent developments from the fields of visual culture studies and cultural anthropology, and investigates the ways in which representations of human bodies were used by the pre-historic people to understand their own identities, to negotiate relationships and to make subtle political points. Bailey examines four critical conditions: * figurines as miniatures * figurines as three-dimensional representations * figurines as anthropomorphs * figurines as representations. Through these conditions, the study travels beyond the traditional mechanisms of interpretation and takes the debate past the out-dated interpretations of figurines as Mother-Goddess as Bailey examines individual prehistoric figurines in their original archaeological contexts and views them in the light of modern exploitations of the human form. Students and scholars of History and Archaeology will benefit immensely from Bailey's close understanding of the material culture and pre-history of the Balkans.
