Impact de boues de station d'épuration urbaine sur les champignons mycorhizogènes à arbuscules

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (494 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact de boues de station d'épuration urbaine sur les champignons mycorhizogènes à arbuscules by : Emmanuelle Jacquot-Plumey

Download or read book Impact de boues de station d'épuration urbaine sur les champignons mycorhizogènes à arbuscules written by Emmanuelle Jacquot-Plumey and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actuellement, la principale voie de valorisation des boues d'épuration est le recyclage agricole. En dépit du pouvoir fertilisant des boues, plus d'informations sont nécessaires sur les impacts potentiels de leur recyclage agricole, puisqu'elles peuvent contenir des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) et des éléments traces métalliques (ETM). L'activité biologique du sol étant une des cibles de l'épandage, nous avons étudié l'impact de telles boues sur des populations de champignons mycorhizogènes à arbuscules (MA) largement représentées dans les plantes et les sols. Des boues "dopées", ou non, avec des HAP ou ETM, compostées ou non, ont été testées sur trois espèces de champignons MA se développant seul ou en communauté dans les racines et les sols, et sur la diversité naturelle in planta de champignons MA dans des sols amendés par ces boues. Pour cela, une technique de PCR en gigogne a été développé pour discriminer plusieurs espèces MA se développant dans un même système racinaire ou sol. Les boues n'ont pas eu d'effet sur la croissance de la plante hôte Medicago truncatula, mais elles ont diminué le développement fongique des trois champignons inoculés individuellement ou en communauté. La colonisation racinaire par Glomus mosseae a été affectée lorsque le champignon s'est développé seul et en communauté. Dans des sols amendés par des boues, la diversité relative des populations MA dans les racines a été aussi modifiée par des épandages de boues compostées, même si la colonisation racinaire totale de champignons MA n'a pas été affectée. L'effet dépressif des boues sur les espèces Ma serait lié à leur contenu en HAP et/ou ETM. Ces micropolluants affecteraient la germination des spores et le développement mycélien aussi bien extraradiculaire qu'intraradiculaire suite à l'accumulation au niveau des hyphes et/ou de la plante. Ces résultats mettent en évidence qu'un test d'écotoxicité basé sur la colonisation par les champignons MA peut contribuer à évaluer les risques de l'épandage agricole des boues.

La phytoremédiation assistée par les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules des sols historiquement contaminés par les dioxines/furanes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis La phytoremédiation assistée par les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules des sols historiquement contaminés par les dioxines/furanes by : Hacène Meglouli

Download or read book La phytoremédiation assistée par les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules des sols historiquement contaminés par les dioxines/furanes written by Hacène Meglouli and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Célèbres depuis l'accident de Seveso en 1976, les dioxines/furanes (PCCD/F) restent, malgré une forte baisse de leurs émissions, un sujet de préoccupation permanent en France et dans le monde. Le rémanence de ces composés organochlorés dans le sol et le risque toxique qu'ils représentent pour l'homme et l'environnement font que la gestion et la remédiation des sols contaminés par les PCDD/F sont devenues une priorité des industriels, législateurs et scientifiques. La phytoremédiation compte parmi les méthodes émergentes de dépollution des sols contaminés en raison de son adéquation avec le développement durable. Elle combine les capacités naturelles des plantes et de leur microbiote rhizosphérique à biodégrader les polluants organiques. Cependant, l'efficacité de cette phytotechnologie est encore souvent limitée, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de composés chlorés, à cause de leur récalcitrance, de leur phytotoxicité et leur faible biodisponibilité dans le sol. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail de thèse a consisté à étudier les performances de la phytoremédition assistée, en particulier par les champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires, d'un sol agricole historiquement pollué par les PCDD/F prélevé sur une parcelle expérimentale située à proximité d'un ancien incinérateur. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus mettent en évidence, en particulier, le potentiel de deux espèces végétales, la luzerne et la fétuque, dans la rhizodégradation des PCCDD/F. La végétalisation du sol permet de moduler les communautés microbiennes du sol (bactéries, Archées et champignons) et notamment celles qui semblent impliquées dans la dissipation des PCCDD/F. En revanche, bien que la mycorhization agisse sur les communautés microbiennes du sol, celle-ci n'a pas eu d'impact, dans nos conditions expérimentales, sur la dissipation des PCCDD/F quelles que soit l'origine de l'inoculum utilisé et les espèces mycorhiziennes qui le compose. La dégradation de ces composés organochlorés est plus marquée dans un sol préalablement stérilisé, puis recolonisé par certaines communautés microbiennes spécifiques, impliquées dans la dissipation des PCCDD/F. L'utilisation combinée d'un mélange de rhamnolipides avec l'introduction dans le sol d'une bactérie Sphingomonas wittichii RWI, décrite pour ses capacités de dégradation des PCCDD/F, permet d'accroitre l'efficience de la rhizodégradation des PCDD/F qui se traduit par une baisse significative de la cytotoxicité du sol après phytoremédiation.

An Introduction to Agroforestry

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792321354
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Agroforestry by : P. K. R. Nair

Download or read book An Introduction to Agroforestry written by P. K. R. Nair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-07-31 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This college-level textbook summarizes the state of current knowledge in the rapidly expanding field of agroforestry. The book, organized into 25 chapters in six sections, reviews the developments in agroforestry during the past 15 years and describes the accomplishments in the application of biophysical (plant and soil related) and socioeconomic sciences to agroforestry. Although the major focus of the book is on the tropics, where the practice and potential of agroforestry are particularly promising, the developments in temperate zone agroforestry are also discussed. This text is recommended for students, teachers, and researchers in agroforestry, farming systems, and tropical land use.

Agroforestry in Europe

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140208272X
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Agroforestry in Europe by : Antonio Rigueiro-Rodríguez

Download or read book Agroforestry in Europe written by Antonio Rigueiro-Rodríguez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-09 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agroforestry has come of age during the past three decades. The age-old practice of growing trees and crops and sometimes animals in interacting combinations – that has been ignored in the single-commodity-oriented agricultural and forestry development paradigms – has been brought into the realm of modern land-use. Today agroforestry is well on its way to becoming a specialized science at a level similar to those of crop science and forestry science. To most land-use experts, however, agroforestry has a tropical connotation. They consider agroforestry as something that can and can only be identified with the tropics. That is a wrong perception. While it is true that the tropics, compared to the temperate regions, have a wider array of agroforestry systems and hold greater promise for potential agroforestry interventions, it is also true that agroforestry has several opportunities in the temperate regions too. Indeed, the role of agroforestry is now recognized in Europe as exemplified by this book, North America, and elsewhere in the temperate zone. Current interest in ecosystem management in industrialized countries strongly suggests that there is a need to embrace and apply agroforestry principles to help mitigate the environmental problems caused or exacerbated by commercial agricultural and forestry production enterprises.

Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400746768
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use by : P.K. Ramachandran Nair

Download or read book Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use written by P.K. Ramachandran Nair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a solid body of the current state of knowledge on the various themes and activities in agroforestry worldwide. It is organized into three sections: the Introduction section consists of the summaries of six keynote speeches at the 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2009; that is followed by two sections of peer-reviewed thematic chapters grouped as “Global Perspectives” (seven chapters) and “Regional Perspectives” (eleven chapters), authored by professional leaders in their respective agroforestry-related fields worldwide. A total of 130 professionals from institutions in 33 countries in both developing and the industrialized temperate regions of the world contributed to the book as chapter authors and/or reviewers. Thus, the book presents a comprehensive and authoritative account of the global picture of agroforestry today.

North American Agroforestry

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0891183779
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis North American Agroforestry by : Harold E. Gene Garrett

Download or read book North American Agroforestry written by Harold E. Gene Garrett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North American Agroforestry Explore the many benefits of alternative land-use systems with this incisive resource Humanity has become a victim of its own success. While we’ve managed to meet the needs—to one extent or another—of a large portion of the human population, we’ve often done so by ignoring the health of the natural environment we rely on to sustain our planet. And by deteriorating the quality of our air, water, and land, we’ve put into motion consequences we’ll be dealing with for generations. In the newly revised Third Edition of North American Agroforestry, an expert team of researchers delivers an authoritative and insightful exploration of an alternative land-use system that exploits the positive interactions between trees and crops when they are grown together and bridges the gap between production agriculture and natural resource management. This latest edition includes new material on urban food forests, as well as the air and soil quality benefits of agroforestry, agroforestry’s relevance in the Mexican context, and agroforestry training and education. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to the development of agroforestry as an integrated land use management strategy Comprehensive explorations of agroforestry nomenclature, concepts, and practices, as well as an agroecological foundation for temperate agroforestry Practical discussions of tree-crop interactions in temperate agroforestry, including in systems such as windbreak practices, silvopasture practices, and alley cropping practices In-depth examinations of vegetative environmental buffers for air and water quality benefits, agroforestry for wildlife habitat, agroforestry at the landscape level, and the impact of agroforestry on soil health Perfect for environmental scientists, natural resource professionals and ecologists, North American Agroforestry will also earn a place in the libraries of students and scholars of agricultural sciences interested in the potential benefits of agroforestry.

Ecophysiology of Tropical Tree Crops

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ISBN 13 : 9781608763924
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (639 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecophysiology of Tropical Tree Crops by : Fábio DaMatta

Download or read book Ecophysiology of Tropical Tree Crops written by Fábio DaMatta and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant physiological research has a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of plants and their interactions with surrounding environments. As occurs with most tropical plant species, the gaps in our knowledge of the ecophysiology of tropical tree crops are incommensurable, though significant advances have occurred in recent years. This book highlights these recent advances, which could provide valuable information to manage crop plants for maximum productivity. Major tropical tree crops, considered here in a broader sense as including species such as banana, cassava, citrus, cocoa, coconut, coffee, mango, oil palm, papaya, rubber, and tea, are examined. For most of these crops, photosynthesis is treated as a central process affecting crop growth and performance. Crop physiological responses to environmental factors such as light and water availability and temperature are highlighted. The flowering control and fruit growth of crops such as citrus, coffee and mango are explored. In addition, several gaps in our database concerning the ecophysiology of tropical tree crops and areas for further research are indicated.

Participatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management

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Publisher : IDRC
ISBN 13 : 1552501817
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (525 download)

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Book Synopsis Participatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management by : Julian F. Gonsalves

Download or read book Participatory Research and Development for Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management written by Julian F. Gonsalves and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2005 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for aspiring and new practitioners of Participatory Research and Development (PR&D) as well as field-based researchers in developing countries. Highlights that agricultural research and development has become a joint approach to deal with diverse biophysical environments, multiple livelihood goals, rapid changes in local and global economies, and an expanded range for stakeholders over agriculture and natural resources.

Agroforestry and Climate Change

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429614616
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Agroforestry and Climate Change by : Manoj Kumar Jhariya

Download or read book Agroforestry and Climate Change written by Manoj Kumar Jhariya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an abundance of valuable information on emerging eco-friendly technology and its potential role in combating climate change via agroforesty. The volume begins by describing the recent understanding of the scenario of climate change and its issues and challenges and provides an in-depth analysis of the potential of agroforestry toward climate change mitigation and adaptation. Chapters address a wide range of techniques and methods for mitigating the negative aspects of climate change through agroforesty, such as vermicomposting, carbon sequestration, horticulture techniques, nutrient sequestration and soil sustainability, conservation of medicinal plant resources, silvipastoral systems, phytoremediation techniques, and more. The book also looks at livelihood security and the role of agroforestry. Key features: Provides updated information and recent developments in the field of climate change and agroforestry Looks at a variety of eco-friendly methods being employed to help mitigate climate change through agroforesty Provides recommendations and suggestions to build harmony between agroforestry and climate change Discusses new insights on the role of agroforestry toward combating climate change as well as maintaining the sustainability of ecosystems