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Immune Suppression By Dermal Exposure To Jp 8 Jet Fuel
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Book Synopsis Immune Suppression by Dermal Exposure to JP-8 Jet Fuel by :
Download or read book Immune Suppression by Dermal Exposure to JP-8 Jet Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the next funding period we intend to address four major questions. 1) How does JP-8 induce immune suppression? Does JP-8 alter immune responsiveness through its effect on cytokine production or does it alter the ability of antigen presenting cells to present antigen? 2) Does JP-8 exposure affect ongoing immune reactions? Will exposure to JP-8 interfere with the immune response to recall antigens and block the protective effect of prior immunization? 3) How can we prevent JP-8 induced immune suppression? Once a better understanding of the suppressive mechanism is obtained, we will begin to design rational steps aimed at preventing its immune suppressive effect. 4) What components in JP-8 induce dermal immunotoxicity? JP-is produced from commercial Jet-A by use of an additive package containing diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, (DiEGME) an anti-icing compound. Because some have suggested DiEGME is a dermal immunotoxin we will concentrate on determining if application of DiEGME induces immune suppression. The specific aims of this proposal are designed to gain an understanding of the mechanism(s) involved in JP-8-induced immune suppression. The long-term of this work is to use the knowledge obtained here to design a procedure to prevent JP-8-induced immune suppression and limit its potential harmful effect on USAF personnel.
Book Synopsis Immune Suppression by Dermal Application of JP-8 Jet Fuel by :
Download or read book Immune Suppression by Dermal Application of JP-8 Jet Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initial focus of this work was to test the hypothesis that dermal application of jet fuel induced immune suppression. Using a mouse model of dermal exposure we noted that applying JP-8 to the skin induced immune suppression. Both primary and recall immune reactions were suppressed by applying JP-8. Cytokine production by JP-8-treated keratinocytes particularly prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-10 drive immune suppression. During the current funding period we made three important discoveries. First, we found that the aromatic compounds within jet fuel drive immune suppression. When synthetic jet fuel (S-8), which is totally devoid of aromatic compounds, was applied to the skin, no immune suppression was noted. Adding back a cocktail of the 7 most prevalent aromatic compounds found JP-8 to S-8, rendered it immune suppressive. Second, we found that JP-8 activated cytokine production in skin cells by activating the production of reactive oxygen species, which in turn activated NF-kappaBeta, which led to cytokine production and immune suppression. Finally we found that applying JP-8 to the skin activated the migration of mast cells from the skin to the lymph nodes. Blocking the migration, by interfering with the signals that regulate mast cell migration, blocked immune suppression.
Book Synopsis Jet Fuel Toxicology by : Mark L. Witten
Download or read book Jet Fuel Toxicology written by Mark L. Witten and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently serving as a resource for the National Center for Toxological Research in their work with the Gulf Coast oil spill, this book presents current research conducted primarily by the airforce on the toxic effects of JP-8 jet fuel on the pulmonary, immune, dermal, and nervous systems. In all, the book considers 13 toxicology studies
Book Synopsis Immunosuppressive Effects of Jetfuel and Its Mechanism of Action by :
Download or read book Immunosuppressive Effects of Jetfuel and Its Mechanism of Action written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying military jet fuel (JP-8) to the skin of mice activates systemic immune suppression. In all of the previous experiments, JP-8 was applied to immunologically naive mice. The effect of jet fuels on established immune reactions, such as immunological memory, is unknown. The focus of the experiments presented here was to test the hypothesis that jet fuel exposure (both JP-8 and commercial jet fuel; Jet-A) suppresses established immune reactions. Mice were immunized with the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans and at different times after immunization (10 to 30 days) various doses of undiluted JP-8 or Jet-A were applied to their skin. Both the elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), as measured when mice were challenged 10 days after immunization and immunologic memory (mice challenged 30 days after immunization) were significantly suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner. Dermal exposure to JP-8 and/or Jet-A, either multiple small doses (50 microliters over 4 days) or a single large dose (approx. =200-3OO microliters) suppressed DTH to C. albicans. Also, the ability of splenic T-lymphocytes from JP-8 and/or Jet-A treated mice to proliferate to plate-bound anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody was significantly suppressed. The mechanism by which dermal application of JP-8 and Jet-A suppresses immunological memory involves the release of immune biologic response modifiers. Blocking the production of prostaglandin E2 (POE2) by a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (SC 236) significantly reversed jet fuel-induced suppression of immununologic memory.
Book Synopsis Immune Suppression Following Acute Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals by :
Download or read book Immune Suppression Following Acute Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that dermal application of military jet fuel (JP-8) is immune suppressive. Three specific aims were designed to test this hypothesis: (1) Does dermal exposure to JP-8 induce immune suppression? (2) What are the mechanisms involved? (3) Can you reverse the immune suppressive effects of JP-8? Applying JP-8 to the skins of mice does suppress the immune response. The mechanisms underlying immune suppression appear to involve the production of immune regulatory cytokines and biological response modifiers by JP-8-treated keratinocytes. In particular we found that the immune suppression induced by JP-8 was mediated by Prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-10. Understanding the mechanism(s) involved provided a method to reverse immune suppression. Neutralizing the activity of Prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-10 in vivo blocked JP-8-induced immune suppression. Prostaglandin E2 production in vivo was blocked with a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Because this class of drugs is now available for use in humans(i.e., Celebrex), the data generated here suggest that using selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors to block prostaglandin-2 production ill Vivo may present the best way to prevent JP-8-induced immune suppression in USAF personnel.
Book Synopsis Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 by : National Research Council
Download or read book Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-14 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a critical review of toxicologic, epidemiologic, and other relevant data on jet-propulsion fuel 8, a type of fuel in wide use by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and an evaluation of the scientific basis of DOD's interim permissible exposure level of 350 mg/m3
Book Synopsis Update on the Immune Mechanisms Against Respiratory Pathogens by : Junkal Garmendía
Download or read book Update on the Immune Mechanisms Against Respiratory Pathogens written by Junkal Garmendía and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory infections are leading causes of mortality and morbidity, with Tuberculosis and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) culminating in almost 5 million deaths per year. Respiratory tract infections pose a continuous threat to humans due to their easy dissemination via aerial transmission. Children under the age of five living in developing countries are the most susceptible hosts to a plethora of bacteria and viruses including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Influenza virus, Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. Likewise, adult patients suffering from underlying chronic respiratory diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), bronchiectasis or neutrophilic asthma are also highly targeted by LRTIs. Despite vaccination saving millions of lives, the growing emergence of antibiotic resistant strains is a major challenge for the coming years. In addition, some vaccines against particular respiratory pathogens are ineffective in providing long-term protection. Accordingly, an enhanced understanding of host immunity to respiratory infections is essential for developing new and more effective microbial- and host-directed therapeutics. This eBook will provide a comprehensive overview of the microbial factors and the host immune mechanisms that determine the control of lung infection and/or the development of lung diseases. Manuscripts included in this eBook are divided in four chapters and cover these aspects of immunology against respiratory pathogens: -Pathogen targets for immune recognition including membrane-anchored and secreted effector molecules. -Specific roles of immune cell subsets in response to respiratory infections spanning both innate and adaptive immunity. -Host factors involved in pathogen recognition in the respiratory system including cytosolic DNA sensors. -New prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies against respiratory infections.
Book Synopsis Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extremely hazardous substances (EHSs)² can be released accidentally as a result of chemical spills, industrial explosions, fires, or accidents involving railroad cars and trucks transporting EHSs. Workers and residents in communities surrounding industrial facilities where EHSs are manufactured, used, or stored and in communities along the nation's railways and highways are potentially at risk of being exposed to airborne EHSs during accidental releases or intentional releases by terrorists. Pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified approximately 400 EHSs on the basis of acute lethality data in rodents. As part of its efforts to develop acute exposure guideline levels for EHSs, EPA and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) in 1991 requested that the National Research Council (NRC) develop guidelines for establishing such levels. In response to that request, the NRC published Guidelines for Developing Community Emergency Exposure Levels for Hazardous Substances in 1993. Subsequently, Standard Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances was published in 2001, providing updated procedures, methodologies, and other guidelines used by the National Advisory Committee (NAC) on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances and the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) in developing the AEGL values. In 1998, EPA and DOD requested that the NRC independently review the AEGLs developed by NAC. In response to that request, the NRC organized within its Committee on Toxicology (COT) the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels, which prepared this report. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals is the tenth volume of the series and documents for N,N-dimethylformamide, jet propellant fuels 5 and 8, methyl ethyl ketone, perchloromethyl mercaptan, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, and sulfuryl chloride.
Download or read book Comprehensive Toxicology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-01 with total page 6448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An explosive increase in the knowledge of the effects of chemical and physical agents on biological systems has led to an increased understanding of normal cellular functions and the consequences of their perturbations. The 14-volume Second Edition of Comprehensive Toxicology has been revised and updated to reflect new advances in toxicology research, including content by some of the leading researchers in the field. It remains the premier resource for toxicologists in academia, medicine, and corporations. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition provides a unique organ-systems structure that allows the user to explore the toxic effects of various substances on each human system, aiding in providing diagnoses and proving essential in situations where the toxic substance is unknown but its effects on a system are obvious. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition is the most complete and valuable toxicology work available to researchers today. Contents updated and revised to reflect developments in toxicology research Organized with a unique organ-system approach Features full color throughout Available electronically on sciencedirect.com, as well as in a limited-edition print version
Book Synopsis Gulf War and Health by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Gulf War and Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-28 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third in a series of congressionally mandated reports on Gulf War veterans' health, this volume evaluates the long-term, human health effects associated with exposure to selected environmental agents, pollutants, and synthetic chemical compounds believed to have been present during the Gulf War. The committee specifically evaluated the literature on hydrogen sulfide, combustion products, hydrazine and red fuming nitric acid. Both the epidemiologic and toxicologic literature were reviewed.
Book Synopsis Occupational Health and the Service Member by : Timothy M. Mallon
Download or read book Occupational Health and the Service Member written by Timothy M. Mallon and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2019-04-03 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will relate the history of occupational health efforts in each of the military services and describe the current programs, including discussion of the occurrence and prevention of occupational threats to service members and civilians from the environment and military equipment. Individual chapters will focus on: medical evaluations, workers’ compensation, surveillance, ergonomics, hearing protection, radiation, specific hazardous substances, and particular environments such as aerospace and underseas. It is a revised, updated, and expanded version of the occupational health Textbook of Military Medicine published in 1993.
Author :Alasdair M. Gilfillan Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1441995331 Total Pages :312 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (419 download)
Book Synopsis Mast Cell Biology by : Alasdair M. Gilfillan
Download or read book Mast Cell Biology written by Alasdair M. Gilfillan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors of Mast Cell Biology, Drs. Gilfillan and Metcalfe, have enlisted an outstanding group of investigators to discuss the emerging concepts in mast cell biology with respect to development of these cells, their homeostasis, their activation, as well as their roles in maintaining health on the one hand and on the other, their participation in disease.
Book Synopsis Forensic Toxicology by : Kalipatnapu N. Rao
Download or read book Forensic Toxicology written by Kalipatnapu N. Rao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern technology using state-of-the-art equipment can now identify almost any toxin relevant to a legal issue. Techniques include gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and the combination of these methods. Forensic Toxicology: Medico-legal Case Studies demonstrates how the science of forensic toxicology acts a
Book Synopsis Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology by : Robert V. House
Download or read book Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology written by Robert V. House and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-26 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuing the tradition set by the first and second editions, each a bestseller in its own right, the third edition of Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology provides reviews of environmental agents, updated to reflect the latest information on how these agents influence immune system function and health. For the first time in the book's history,
Book Synopsis Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2011 Edition by :
Download or read book Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Hemic and Immune Systems. The editors have built Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Hemic and Immune Systems in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Environmental Influences on the Immune System by : Charlotte Esser
Download or read book Environmental Influences on the Immune System written by Charlotte Esser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-04 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together articles on the overarching theme of how the environment shapes the immune system. The immune system is commonly assumed to respond to harmful pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. However, harmless bacteria, chemicals, stress, normal food and other factors can also trigger, shape or interfere with the immune system, often producing adverse effects. Yet, it is also becoming increasingly accepted that some of these interactions are physiological and necessary for a healthy immune system. Examples of negative effects include the immunosuppressive effects of UV irradiation, or the immunotoxic effects of man-made chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Autoimmunity or allergies can be the adverse consequences of interaction between the immune system and chemical compounds such as drugs. Positive effects can come from natural exposure levels to bacteria, healthy life-style or the diet. There is a great need to understand how communication between the environment and the immune system works. This book addresses this need. It covers environmental factors (such as bacteria, sun exposure), human factors (such as age, exercise or stress), and important man-made factors (such as air pollution). A chapter on human rights complements the scientific chapters. The book is intended for immunologists, toxicologists and researchers who want to know how the immune system works and is triggered, as well as for medical doctors in environmental medicine and the general public interested in immunology.
Book Synopsis Casarett & Doull's Toxicology by : Curtis D. Klaassen
Download or read book Casarett & Doull's Toxicology written by Curtis D. Klaassen and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-12-11 with total page 1331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most complete, trusted reference-text covering the full span of medical toxicology Market: Students, toxicologists, and pharmacologists Focuses on the principles, concepts, and modes of thought that are the foundation of the discipline New to this edition: updated throughout to reflect new understanding of cell death and drug metabolism, new content on chemical terrorism, many new contributors
