Christians at the Border

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Author :
Publisher : Baker Academic
ISBN 13 : 080103566X
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Christians at the Border by : M. Daniel Carroll R.

Download or read book Christians at the Border written by M. Daniel Carroll R. and published by Baker Academic. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely, clear, and compassionate resource provides biblical and ethical guidance for readers who are looking for a Christian perspective on the immigration issue and speaks to both the immigrant culture and the host culture. Original.

Immigration Law and the U.S.–Mexico Border

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Author :
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816505594
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Immigration Law and the U.S.–Mexico Border by : Kevin R. Johnson

Download or read book Immigration Law and the U.S.–Mexico Border written by Kevin R. Johnson and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans from radically different political persuasions agree on the need to “fix” the “broken” US immigration laws to address serious deficiencies and improve border enforcement. In Immigration Law and the US–Mexico Border, Kevin Johnson and Bernard Trujillo focus on what for many is at the core of the entire immigration debate in modern America: immigration from Mexico. In clear, reasonable prose, Johnson and Trujillo explore the long history of discrimination against US citizens of Mexican ancestry in the United States and the current movement against “illegal aliens”—persons depicted as not deserving fair treatment by US law. The authors argue that the United States has a special relationship with Mexico by virtue of sharing a 2,000-mile border and a “land-grab of epic proportions” when the United States “acquired” nearly two-thirds of Mexican territory between 1836 and 1853. The authors explain US immigration law and policy in its many aspects—including the migration of labor, the place of state and local regulation over immigration, and the contributions of Mexican immigrants to the US economy. Their objective is to help thinking citizens on both sides of the border to sort through an issue with a long, emotional history that will undoubtedly continue to inflame politics until cooler, and better-informed, heads can prevail. The authors conclude by outlining possibilities for the future, sketching a possible movement to promote social justice. Great for use by students of immigration law, border studies, and Latino studies, this book will also be of interest to anyone wondering about the general state of immigration law as it pertains to our most troublesome border.

Border Wars

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Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982117419
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis Border Wars by : Julie Hirschfeld Davis

Download or read book Border Wars written by Julie Hirschfeld Davis and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two New York Times Washington correspondents provide a detailed, “fact-based account of what precipitated some of this administration’s more brazen assaults on immigration” (The Washington Post) filled with never-before-told stories of this key issue of Donald Trump’s presidency. No issue matters more to Donald Trump and his administration than restricting immigration. Julie Hirschfeld Davis and Michael D. Shear have covered the Trump administration from its earliest days. In Border Wars, they take us inside the White House to document how Stephen Miller and other anti-immigration officials blocked asylum-seekers and refugees, separated families, threatened deportation, and sought to erode the longstanding bipartisan consensus that immigration and immigrants make positive contributions to America. Their revelation of Trump’s desire for a border moat filled with alligators made national news. As the authors reveal, Trump has used immigration to stoke fears (“the caravan”), attack Democrats and the courts, and distract from negative news and political difficulties. As he seeks reelection in 2020, Trump has elevated immigration in the imaginations of many Americans into a national crisis. Border Wars identifies the players behind Trump’s anti-immigration policies, showing how they planned, stumbled and fought their way toward changes that have further polarized the nation. “[Davis and Shear’s] exquisitely reported Border Wars reveals the shattering horror of the moment, [and] the mercurial unreliability and instability of the president” (The New York Times Book Review).

Beyond a Border

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Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1452235872
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond a Border by : Peter Kivisto

Download or read book Beyond a Border written by Peter Kivisto and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009-12-08 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most up-to-date analysis of today's immigration issues As the authors state in Chapter 1, "the movement of people across national borders represents one of the most vivid dramas of social reality in the contemporary world." This comparative text examines contemporary immigration across the globe, focusing on 20 major nations. Noted scholars Peter Kivisto and Thomas Faist introduce students to important topics of inquiry at the heart of the field, including Movement: Explores the theories of migration using a historical perspective of the modern world. Settlement: Provides clarity concerning the controversial matter of immigrant incorporation and refers to the varied ways immigrants come to be a part of a new society. Control: Focuses on the politics of immigration and examines the role of states in shaping how people choose to migrate. Key Features Provides comprehensive coverage of topics not covered in other texts, such as state and immigration control, focusing on policies created to control migratory flow and evolving views of citizenship Offers a global portrait of contemporary immigration, including a demographic overview of today's cross-border movers Offers critical assessments of the achievements of the field to date Encourages students to rethink traditional views about the distinction between citizen and alien in this global age Suggests paths for future research and new theoretical developments

Open Borders

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Publisher : First Second
ISBN 13 : 1250766230
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Open Borders by : Bryan Caplan

Download or read book Open Borders written by Bryan Caplan and published by First Second. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Economist “Our Books of the Year” Selection Economist Bryan Caplan makes a bold case for unrestricted immigration in this fact-filled graphic nonfiction. American policy-makers have long been locked in a heated battle over whether, how many, and what kind of immigrants to allow to live and work in the country. Those in favor of welcoming more immigrants often cite humanitarian reasons, while those in favor of more restrictive laws argue the need to protect native citizens. But economist Bryan Caplan adds a new, compelling perspective to the immigration debate: He argues that opening all borders could eliminate absolute poverty worldwide and usher in a booming worldwide economy—greatly benefiting humanity. With a clear and conversational tone, exhaustive research, and vibrant illustrations by Zach Weinersmith, Open Borders makes the case for unrestricted immigration easy to follow and hard to deny.

The Border Within

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022627022X
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis The Border Within by : Tara Watson

Download or read book The Border Within written by Tara Watson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Today the United States is home to more unauthorized immigrants than at any time in the country's history. As scrutiny around immigration has intensified, border enforcement has tightened. The result is a population of new Americans who are more entrenched than ever before. Crossing harsher, less porous borders makes entry to the US a permanent, costly enterprise. And the challenges don't end once they're here. In The Border Within, journalist Kalee Thompson and economist Tara Watson examine the costs and ends of America's immigration-enforcement complex, particularly its practices of internal enforcement: the policies and agencies, including ICE, aimed at removing unauthorized immigrants living in the US. Thompson and Watson's economic appraisal of immigration's costs and benefits is interlaid with first-person reporting of families who personify America's policies in a time of scapegoating and fear. The result is at once enlightening and devastating. Thomspon and Watson examine immigration's impact on every aspect of American life, from the labor force to social welfare programs to tax revenue. The results paint an overwhelmingly positive picture of what non-native Americans bring to the country, including immigration's tendency to elevate the wages and skills of those who are native born. Their research also finds a stark gap between the realities of America's immigrant population and the policies meant to uproot them: America's internal enforcements are grounded in shock and awe more than any reality of where and how immigrants live. The objective, it seems, is to deploy "chilling effects" -- performative displays aimed at producing upstream effects on economic behaviors and decision-making among immigrants. The ramifications of these fear-based policies extends beyond immigrants themselves; they have impacts on American citizens living in immigrant families as well as on the broader society"--

Undocumented

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Publisher : powerHouse Books
ISBN 13 : 9781576878675
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (786 download)

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Book Synopsis Undocumented by : John Moore

Download or read book Undocumented written by John Moore and published by powerHouse Books. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Moore has focused on the issue ofundocumented immigration to the United Statesfor a decade. His access to immigrants during theirjourney, and to U.S. federal agents tasked withdeterring them, sets his pictures apart. Moore hasphotographed the entire length of the U.S. southernborder, and traveled extensively throughout CentralAmerica and Mexico, as well as to manyimmigrant communities in the United States. Hiswork includes rare imagery of ICE raids, massdeportations, and the resulting widespread fear inthe immigrant community. For its broad scope andrigorous journalism, Undocumented: Immigrationand the Militarization of the United States-MexicoBorder is the essential record on the prevailing U.S.domestic topic of immigration and border security.

Youth Held at the Border

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Publisher : Teachers College Press
ISBN 13 : 0807772038
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Youth Held at the Border by : Lisa (Leigh) Patel

Download or read book Youth Held at the Border written by Lisa (Leigh) Patel and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2015-04-25 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illegal. Undocumented. Remedial. DREAMers. All of these labels have been applied to immigrant youth. Using a combination of engaging narrative and rigorous analysis, this bookexplores how immigrant youth are included in, and excluded from, various sectors of American society, including education. Instead of the land of opportunity, immigrant youth often encounter myriad new borders long after their physical journey to the United States is over. With an intimate storytelling style, the author invites readers to rethink assumptions about immigrant youth and what their often liminal positions reveal about the politics of inclusion in America. Book Features: Engaging case studies that capture the lived experiences of immigrant youth, from secondary school and beyond.A cohesive analysis of how immigration law, education, and health intertwine to shape possible life pathways.Descriptions of educational practices that both support and disempower newcomer immigrant students.Recommendations for interrupting day-to-day practices that privilege some and disadvantage others. Lisa (Leigh) Patel is an associate professor of education at Boston College. She has been a journalist, a teacher, and a state-level policymaker. “Over coffee, tears, and laughter, I spent a delightful morning stunned at the beauty of Leigh Patel’s writing and swept up in the pages of Youth Held at the Border, a piercing analysis of how laws move under the skin and penetrate the soul and a tragicomedic musical of young people improvising lives at the dangerous intersection of U.S. immigration, criminalization, education, and welfare policies.” —From the Foreword by Michelle Fine, Graduate Center, CUNY “Poignant and insightful. . . . After reading this book it will no longer be possible to use code words like ‘undocumented’ and ‘illegal’ to keep these young people silenced and confined to the shadowy world of fugitives.” —Pedro Noguera, Peter L. Agnew Professor of Education, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Development, Executive Director,Metropolitan Center for Urban Education, New York University “Lisa Patel is both ethnographer and poet in telling stories of anguish and desperation, but in the end, stories of hope and survival. All teachers, and anyone who cares about the future of our nation, must read this book.” —Sonia Nieto, Professor Emerita, School of Education, University of Massachusetts “Patel brings into compelling focus and with love young people who are all around us yet not wholly seen. This is an essential read for all educators and for youth, many who will recognize themselves and their peers in her narrative.” —Susan E. Wilcox, SEW Consulting, community and university educator, writer

White Borders

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Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807054062
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis White Borders by : Reece Jones

Download or read book White Borders written by Reece Jones and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This powerful and meticulously argued book reveals that immigration crackdowns … [have] always been about saving and protecting the racist idea of a white America.” —Ibram X. Kendi, award-winning author of Four Hundred Souls and Stamped from the Beginning “A damning inquiry into the history of the border as a place where race is created and racism honed into a razor-sharp ideology.” —Greg Grandin, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of The End of the Myth Recent racist anti-immigration policies, from the border wall to the Muslim ban, have left many Americans wondering: How did we get here? In what readers call a “chilling and revelatory” account, Reece Jones reveals the painful answer: although the US is often mythologized as a nation of immigrants, it has a long history of immigration restrictions that are rooted in the racist fear of the “great replacement” of whites with non-white newcomers. After the arrival of the first slave ship in 1619, the colonies that became the United States were based on the dual foundation of open immigration for whites from Northern Europe and the racial exclusion of slaves from Africa, Native Americans, and, eventually, immigrants from other parts of the world. Jones’s scholarship shines through his extensive research of the United States’ racist and xenophobic underbelly. He connects past and present to uncover the link between the Chinese Exclusion laws of the 1880s, the “Keep America American” nativism of the 1920s, and the “Build the Wall” chants initiated by former president Donald Trump in 2016. Along the way, we meet a bizarre cast of anti-immigration characters, such as John Tanton, Cordelia Scaife May, and Stephen Miller, who pushed fringe ideas about “white genocide” and “race suicide” into mainstream political discourse. Through gripping stories and in-depth analysis of major immigration cases, Jones explores the connections between anti-immigration hate groups and the Republican Party. What is laid bare after his examination is not just the intersection between white supremacy and anti-immigration bias but also the lasting impacts this perfect storm of hatred has had on United States law.

Blockading the Border and Human Rights

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Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292782195
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Blockading the Border and Human Rights by : Timothy J. Dunn

Download or read book Blockading the Border and Human Rights written by Timothy J. Dunn and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand border enforcement and the shape it has taken, it is imperative to examine a groundbreaking Border Patrol operation begun in 1993 in El Paso, Texas, "Operation Blockade." The El Paso Border Patrol designed and implemented this radical new strategy, posting 400 agents directly on the banks of the Rio Grande in highly visible positions to deter unauthorized border crossings into the urban areas of El Paso from neighboring Ciudad Juárez—a marked departure from the traditional strategy of apprehending unauthorized crossers after entry. This approach, of "prevention through deterrence," became the foundation of the 1994 and 2004 National Border Patrol Strategies for the Southern Border. Politically popular overall, it has rendered unauthorized border crossing far less visible in many key urban areas. However, the real effectiveness of the strategy is debatable, at best. Its implementation has also led to a sharp rise in the number of deaths of unauthorized border crossers. Here, Dunn examines the paradigm-changing Operation Blockade and related border enforcement efforts in the El Paso region in great detail, as well as the local social and political situation that spawned the approach and has shaped it since. Dunn particularly spotlights the human rights abuses and enforcement excesses inflicted on local Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants as well as the challenges to those abuses. Throughout the book, Dunn filters his research and fieldwork through two competing lenses, human rights versus the rights of national sovereignty and citizenship.

The Border and Its Bodies

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Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 081654056X
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis The Border and Its Bodies by : Thomas E. Sheridan

Download or read book The Border and Its Bodies written by Thomas E. Sheridan and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Border and Its Bodies examines the impact of migration from Central America and México to the United States on the most basic social unit possible: the human body. It explores the terrible toll migration takes on the bodies of migrants—those who cross the border and those who die along the way—and discusses the treatment of those bodies after their remains are discovered in the desert. The increasingly militarized U.S.-México border is an intensely physical place, affecting the bodies of all who encounter it. The essays in this volume explore how crossing becomes embodied in individuals, how that embodiment transcends the crossing of the line, and how it varies depending on subject positions and identity categories, especially race, class, and citizenship. Timely and wide-ranging, this book brings into focus the traumatic and real impact the border can have on those who attempt to cross it, and it offers new perspectives on the effects for rural communities and ranchers. An intimate and profoundly human look at migration, The Border and Its Bodies reminds us of the elemental fact that the border touches us all.

Welcome to the United States

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Welcome to the United States by :

Download or read book Welcome to the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Straddling the Border

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Author :
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 9780292701762
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Straddling the Border by : Lisa Magaña

Download or read book Straddling the Border written by Lisa Magaña and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the dual and often conflicting responsibilities of deterring illegal immigration and providing services to legal immigrants, the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) is a bureaucracy beset with contradictions. Critics fault the agency for failing to stop the entry of undocumented workers from Mexico. Agency staff complain that harsh enforcement policies discourage legal immigrants from seeking INS aid, while ever-changing policy mandates from Congress and a lack of funding hinder both enforcement and service activities. In this book, Lisa Magaña convincingly argues that a profound disconnection between national-level policymaking and local-level policy implementation prevents the INS from effectively fulfilling either its enforcement or its service mission. She begins with a history and analysis of the making of immigration policy which reveals that federal and state lawmakers respond more to the concerns, fears, and prejudices of the public than to the realities of immigration or the needs of the INS. She then illustrates the effects of shifting and conflicting mandates through case studies of INS implementation of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Proposition 187, and the 1996 Welfare Reform and Responsibility Act and their impact on Mexican immigrants. Magaña concludes with fact-based recommendations to improve the agency's performance.

Border and Rule

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Author :
Publisher : Haymarket Books
ISBN 13 : 1642593885
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Border and Rule by : Harsha Walia

Download or read book Border and Rule written by Harsha Walia and published by Haymarket Books. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Border and Rule, one of North America’s foremost thinkers and immigrant rights organizers delivers an unflinching examination of migration as a pillar of global governance and gendered racial class formation. Harsha Walia disrupts easy explanations for the migrant and refugee crises, instead showing them to be the inevitable outcomes of the conquest, capitalist globalization, and climate change that are generating mass dispossession worldwide. Border and Rule explores a number of seemingly disparate global geographies with shared logics of border rule that displace, immobilize, criminalize, exploit, and expel migrants and refugees. With her keen ability to connect the dots, Walia demonstrates how borders divide the international working class and consolidate imperial, capitalist, and racist nationalist rule. Ambitious in scope and internationalist in orientation, Border and Rule breaks through American exceptionalist and liberal responses to the migration crisis and cogently maps the lucrative connections between state violence, capitalism, and right-wing nationalism around the world. Illuminating the brutal mechanics of state formation, Walia exposes US border policy as a product of violent territorial expansion, settler-colonialism, enslavement, and gendered racial ideology. Further, she compellingly details how Fortress Europe and White Australia are using immigration diplomacy and externalized borders to maintain a colonial present, how temporary labor migration in the Arab Gulf states and Canada is central to citizenship regulation and labor control, and how racial violence is escalating deadly nationalism in the US, Israel, India, the Philippines, Brazil, and across Europe, while producing a disaster of statelessness for millions elsewhere. A must-read in these difficult times of war, inequality, climate change, and global health crisis, Border and Rule is a clarion call for revolution. The book includes a foreword from renowned scholar Robin D. G. Kelley and an afterword from acclaimed activist-academic Nick Estes.

Culture Across Borders

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Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816518333
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Culture Across Borders by : David Maciel

Download or read book Culture Across Borders written by David Maciel and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For as long as Mexicans have emigrated to the United States they have responded creatively to the challenges of making a new home. But although historical, sociological, and other aspects of Mexican immigration have been widely studied, its cultural and artistic manifestations have been largely overlooked by scholars—even though Mexico has produced the greatest number of cultural works inspired by the immigration process. And recently Chicana/o artists have addressed immigration as a central theme in their cultural productions and motifs. Culture across Borders is the first and only book-length study to analyze a wide range of cultural manifestations of the immigration experience, including art, literature, cinema, corridos, and humor. It shows how Mexican immigrants have been depicted in popular culture both in Mexico and the United States—and how Mexican and Chicano/Chicana artists, intellectuals, and others have used artistic means to protest the unjust treatment of immigrants by U.S. authorities. Established and upcoming scholars from both sides of the border contribute their expertise in art history, literary criticism, history, cultural studies, and other fields, capturing the many facets of the immigrant experience in popular culture. Topics include the difference between Chicano/a and Mexican representation of immigration; how films dealing with immigrants are treated differently by Mexican, Chicano, and Hollywood producers; the rich literary and artistic production on immigration themes; and the significance of immigration in Chicano jokes. As a first step in addressing the cultural dimensions of Mexican immigration to the United States, this book captures how the immigration process has inspired powerful creative responses on both sides of the border.

Border Vigils

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Author :
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1781680639
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (816 download)

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Book Synopsis Border Vigils by : Jeremy Harding

Download or read book Border Vigils written by Jeremy Harding and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ours is an era marked by extraordinary human migrations, with some 200 million people alive today having moved from their country of origin. The political reaction in Europe and the United States has been to raise the drawbridge: immigrant workers are needed, but no longer welcome. So migrants die in trucks or drown en route; they are murdered in smuggling operations or ruthlessly exploited in illegal businesses that make it impossible for the abused to seek police help. More than 15,000 people have died in the last twenty years trying to circumvent European entry restrictions. In this beautifully written book, Jeremy Harding draws haunting portraits of the migrants – and anti-immigrant zealots – he encountered in his investigations in Europe and on the US–Mexico border. Harding’s painstaking research and global perspective identify the common characteristics of immigration policy across the rich world and raise pressing questions about the future of national boundaries and universal values.

Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264251
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border by : National Research Council

Download or read book Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is responsible for securing and managing the nation's borders. Over the past decade, DHS has dramatically stepped up its enforcement efforts at the U.S.-Mexico border, increasing the number of U.S. Border patrol (USBP) agents, expanding the deployment of technological assets, and implementing a variety of "consequence programs" intended to deter illegal immigration. During this same period, there has also been a sharp decline in the number of unauthorized migrants apprehended at the border. Trends in total apprehensions do not, however, by themselves speak to the effectiveness of DHS's investments in immigration enforcement. In particular, to evaluate whether heightened enforcement efforts have contributed to reducing the flow of undocumented migrants, it is critical to estimate the number of border-crossing attempts during the same period for which apprehensions data are available. With these issues in mind, DHS charged the National Research Council (NRC) with providing guidance on the use of surveys and other methodologies to estimate the number of unauthorized crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border, preferably by geographic region and on a quarterly basis. Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border focuses on Mexican migrants since Mexican nationals account for the vast majority (around 90 percent) of attempted unauthorized border crossings across the U.S.-Mexico border.