Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128051477
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease by : Tapan Khan

Download or read book Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease written by Tapan Khan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-02 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease provides a comprehensive overview of all modalities of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, including neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, genomic, and peripheral systems. Each chapter integrates molecular/cellular abnormality due to Alzheimer’s disease and technological advancement of biomarkers techniques. The book is ideal for clinical neuroscience and molecular/cellular neuroscience researchers, psychiatrists, and allied healthcare practitioners involved in the diagnosis and management of patients with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, and for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease with other non-Alzheimer’s dementia. Presents a comprehensive overview detailing all modalities of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers Written for neuroscience researchers and clinicians studying or treating patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Integrates, in each chapter, the molecular/cellular abnormality due to Alzheimer’s disease and the technological advancement of biomarkers techniques

Identification of Novel Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (795 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of Novel Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease by : Rebecca June Craig-Schapiro

Download or read book Identification of Novel Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease written by Rebecca June Craig-Schapiro and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinicopathological studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology begins to appear ~10-20 years before the resulting cognitive impairment draws medical attention. Biomarkers that can detect AD pathology in its early stages and predict dementia onset and progression would, therefore, be invaluable for patient care and efficient clinical trial design. To discover such biomarkers, we measured AD-associated changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using an unbiased proteomics approach (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). From this, we identified 47 proteins that differed in abundance between cognitively normal (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0) and mildly demented (CDR 1) subjects. To validate these findings, we measured a subset of the identified candidate biomarkers by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); promising candidates in this discovery cohort (N=47) were further evaluated by ELISA in a larger validation CSF cohort (N=292) that contained an additional very mildly demented (CDR 0.5) group. Levels of four novel biomarkers were significantly altered in AD, and Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses using a stepwise logistic regression model identified optimal panels containing these markers that distinguished CDR 0 from CDR>0 (tau, YKL-40, NCAM) and CDR 1 from CDR1 (tau, chromogranin-A, carnosinase-I). Plasma levels of the most promising marker, YKL-40, were also found to be increased in CDR 0.5 and 1 groups and to correlate with CSF levels. Importantly, the CSF YKL-40/A[beta]42 ratio predicted risk of developing cognitive impairment (CDR 0 to CDR0 conversion) as well as the best CSF biomarkers identified to date, tau/A[beta]42 and p-tau181/A[beta]42. Additionally, YKL-40 immunoreactivity was observed within astrocytes near a subset of amyloid plaques, implicating YKL-40 in the neuroinflammatory response to A[beta] deposition. Utilizing an alternative, targeted proteomics approach to identify novel biomarkers, 333 CSF samples were evaluated for levels of 190 analytes using a multiplexed Luminex platform. The mean concentrations of 37 analytes were found to differ between CDR 0 and CDR>0 participants. ROC and statistical machine learning algorithms identified novel biomarker panels that improved upon the ability of the current best biomarkers to discriminate very mildly demented from cognitively normal participants, and identified a novel biomarker, Calbindin, with significant prognostic potential.

Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: The Present and the Future

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Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889450414
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: The Present and the Future by : Sylvain Lehmann

Download or read book Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: The Present and the Future written by Sylvain Lehmann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by significant cognitive deficits, behavioral changes, sleep disorders and loss of functional autonomy. AD represents the main cause of dementia and has become a major public health issue. In addition, the number of patients suffering from AD is growing rapidly as the population ages worldwide. Memory impairment is usually the earliest clinical and core symptom of this disease. The diagnosis at a late clinical stage is relatively easy. However, a delay in the diagnosis is damageable for the handling of patients in terms of optimal medical and social care. The actual interest of the scientific head-ways is to optimize the diagnosis in prodromal stage of the disease and to propose personalized therapeutic solutions to individual patients. New revised AD diagnostic criteria include early alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers: decrease of amyloïd peptides (Aβ42), and increase in tau and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) protein concentration. This recognition of CSF biological biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD is a major step towards the “molecular” diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. Many issues are however still subject of debate. This e-book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of fluid biomarkers for AD, e.g. which novel biomarkers should be implemented in clinical practice for diagnosis or for monitoring treatment or side effects, which ones are new for AD or related dementias or what is the potential of peripheral blood markers. Moreover, the e-Book provides practical guidelines how to optimally and efficiently develop and validate novel biomarker assays, and to document and control pre-analytical variation.

Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039439030
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease by : Chiara Villa

Download or read book Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease written by Chiara Villa and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. AD is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that leads to a gradual deterioration of memory and other cognitive functions. Given the global prevalence and impact of AD, there is a critical need to establish biomarkers that can be used to detect AD in individuals before the onset of clinical signs and provide mitigating therapeutics. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the current knowledge as well as future perspectives on the role of biomarkers in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of AD.

The Neurobiology of Aging and Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128188464
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neurobiology of Aging and Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome by : Elizabeth Head

Download or read book The Neurobiology of Aging and Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome written by Elizabeth Head and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neurobiology of Aging and Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome provides a multidisciplinary approach to the understanding of aging and Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome that is synergistic and focused on efforts to understand the neurobiology as it pertains to interventions that will slow or prevent disease. The book provides detailed knowledge of key molecular aspects of aging and neurodegeneration in Down Syndrome by bringing together different models of the diseases and highlighting multiple techniques. Additionally, it includes case studies and coverage of neuroimaging, neuropathological and biomarker changes associated with these cohorts. This is a must-have resource for researchers who work with or study aging and Alzheimer disease either in the general population or in people with Down syndrome, for academic and general physicians who interact with sporadic dementia patients and need more information about Down syndrome, and for new investigators to the aging and Alzheimer/Down syndrome arena. Discusses the complexities involved with aging and Alzheimer’s disease in Down syndrome Summarizes the neurobiology of aging that requires management in adults with DS and leads to healthier aging and better quality of life into old age Serves as learning tool to orient researchers to the key challenges and offers insights to help establish critical areas of need for further research

Identification of Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Machine Learning Techniques

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Machine Learning Techniques by : Antonio Martínez Torteya

Download or read book Identification of Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Machine Learning Techniques written by Antonio Martínez Torteya and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Atlas of Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319079891
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Atlas of Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease by : Manuel Menéndez González

Download or read book Atlas of Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease written by Manuel Menéndez González and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-07 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lot of research on biomarkers for Alzheimer is being done in the last few decades. The aim of these studies is to find some method to ease the diagnosis of Alzheimers as early as possible. Such methods are a range of blood or CSF tests on one hand and several types of neuroimaging scans on the other. Many of the images coming both from laboratory and neuroimaging are very visual and illustrative. These images, accompanied by a short description, can perfectly explain the main results and usefulness of every biomarker. The objective of this book would be to summarize the most important studies made in this field. Few publications have systematically compiled results on this topic and only one as an atlas. Readers would be interested in this publication because it allows reviewing the current status of research by handily visualizing the results.

Biomarkers

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470918555
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomarkers by : Vishal S. Vaidya

Download or read book Biomarkers written by Vishal S. Vaidya and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to the field of biomarkers, how they have been and can be used, and how different approaches can be used to identify, characterize, and monitor biomarkers. The book has chapters on topics including HIV, Cancer, Parkinson’s, vascular injury, environmental exposure. A following section discusses the technologies (diagnostics and assays) to detect biomarkers and authors have emphasized the preclinical and clinical manifestation of the injury/disease process.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers

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Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781071613214
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers by : Charlotte E. Teunissen

Download or read book Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers written by Charlotte E. Teunissen and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the latest methods used in clinical neurochemistry laboratories for both clinical practice and research. Chapters in this book discuss topics such as techniques for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, pre-analytical processing, and basic CSF analysis; an examination of biomarkers including ELISA and automated immunochemical assays for amyloid and tau markers for Alzheimer’s disease; the analysis of neurofilaments by digital ELISA; and an example of successful novel immunoassay development. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and thorough, Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers to use in CSF labs and CSF courses.

Longitudinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Longitudinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease by : Courtney Sutphen

Download or read book Longitudinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease written by Courtney Sutphen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that slowly claims the memories and experiences that comprise the life experiences of individuals that suffer from the disease. Despite a continually accelerating pace of research and discovery, a viable therapeutic intervention for AD has yet to be realized. There are a multitude of factors that may contribute to this difficulty including the challenge of separating the overall disease of Alzheimer's from the clinically recognizable memory loss that occurs in what is now known to be the end-stage of the disease. Efforts to treat AD have increasingly turned toward very early disease states, before clinical signs and symptoms become apparent, as a number of clinical trials have failed to meet cognitive endpoints over the last 5-10 years -- potentially due to the sole recruitment of individuals already experiencing significant cognitive decline.One important aspect of AD treatment is identification. It is now recognized that the disease begins more than a decade before the signature symptoms of cognitive impairment become apparent. Identifying individuals in this "preclinical" disease state has become a primary focus of many investigators who believe that AD must be targeted and fought well before the clinical manifestations of memory impairment appear.Biomarkers, indicators of normal biological or pathological processes that may be studied as a means to give individuals a disease diagnosis, prognosis, or theragnosis -- provided a treatment is available for the disease in question -- are of paramount importance in many diseases. AD has proved a difficult target to nail down reliable, sensitive, and specific biomarkers. This is in part due to analytical difficulties in major, core biomarkers of disease and in part due to setbacks in clinical trials of promising therapeutic candidates.The current work begins with an overview of biomarker modalities used in AD; however, the primary focus is on protein biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF provides an intimate window to the central nervous system that, in the case of AD, has shown the ability to identify and monitor disease progress over time in cohorts of cognitively normal and demented individuals. In an effort to pinpoint AD before clinical signs and symptoms manifest, biomarker research in preclinical AD has become a robust area of investigation. CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology, neuronal damage, and neuroinflammation are discussed in two independent cohorts: the Adult Children Study (ACS) from Washington University in St. Louis and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.The ACS cohort is comprised of middle-aged, cognitively normal individuals recruited on a volunteer basis from community dwelling participants with and without a family history of AD. The ADNI cohort is comprised of older individuals also recruited on a volunteer basis from community dwelling participants, though participants are recruited with respect to clinical status and include cognitively normal individuals, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and individuals with AD, in addition to being older than the ACS cohort.In both cohorts, it was found that CSF markers of amyloid plaques -- one of two required pathological hallmarks that indicate AD -- changed earlier than those of tau tangles, the second required pathological hallmark.Currently, examining biomarkers on a group-wide basis is the best way to get an accurate picture of biomarkers at baseline and followup lumbar punctures (LPs). As the goal is to be able to give individual people a diagnosis and prognosis of their disease, the behavior of biomarkers is particularly interesting because studies have found that CSF A[beta]42 changes up to 15 or more years before cognitive signs and symptoms become apparent and, hopefully, beginning treatment in this period will be helpful not only for diagnosing for individuals with AD dementia, but also for individuals with very early disease.

Early Diagnosis and Intervention in Predementia Alzheimer's Disease, An Issue of Medical Clinics

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1455772038
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (557 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Diagnosis and Intervention in Predementia Alzheimer's Disease, An Issue of Medical Clinics by : Jose L. Molinuevo

Download or read book Early Diagnosis and Intervention in Predementia Alzheimer's Disease, An Issue of Medical Clinics written by Jose L. Molinuevo and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Medical Clinics covers the important advances surrounding the early intervention of Alzheimer's Disease. Guest edited by world-renowned experts from around the world, the topics covered will include evaluation of new diagnostic criteria, CSF biomarkers, diagnostic imaging, neurocognitive approaches, breaking clinical trials and more.

Towards translating research to clinical practice: Novel Strategies for Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers for Brain Injury

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889193918
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards translating research to clinical practice: Novel Strategies for Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers for Brain Injury by : Stefania Mondello

Download or read book Towards translating research to clinical practice: Novel Strategies for Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers for Brain Injury written by Stefania Mondello and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability and one of the greatest unmet needs in medicine and public health. TBI not only has devastating effects on patients and their relatives but results in huge direct and indirect costs to society. Although guidelines for the management of patients have been developed and more than 200 clinical trials have been conducted, they have resulted in few improvements in clinical outcomes and no effective therapies approved for TBI. It is now apparent that the heterogeneity of clinical TBI is underlain by molecular phenotypes more complex and interactive than initially conceived and current approaches to the characterization, management and outcome prediction of TBI are antiquated, unidimensional and inadequate to capture the interindividual pathophysiological heterogeneity. Recent advances in proteomics and biomarker development provide unparalleled opportunities for unraveling substantial injury-specific and patient-specific variability and refining disease characterization. The identification of novel, sensitive, objective tools, referred to as biomarkers, can revolutionize pathophysiological insights, enable targeted therapies and personalized approaches to clinical management. In this Research Topic, we present novel approaches that provide an infrastructure for discovery and validation of new biomarkers of acute brain injury. These techniques include refined mass spectrometry technology and high throughput immunoblot techniques. Output from these approaches can identify potential candidate biomarkers employing systems biology and data mining methods. In this Research Topic, we present novel approaches that provide an infrastructure for discovery and validation of new biomarkers of acute brain injury. These techniques include refined mass spectrometry technology and high throughput immunoblot techniques. Output from these approaches can identify potential candidate biomarkers employing systems biology and data mining methods. Finally, suggestions are provided for the way forward, with an emphasis on need for a multidimensional approach that integrate a panel of pathobiologically diverse biomarkers with clinical variables and imaging-based assessments to improve diagnosis and classification of TBI and to develop best clinical practice guidelines.

Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781639874002
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease by : Lisa Scott

Download or read book Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease written by Lisa Scott and published by . This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neurochemical indicators which help in the assessment of risk or the presence of Alzheimer's disease are known as Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. They help in an early diagnosis as well as tracking the progress of the disease in a reliable manner. The analysis of biomarkers becomes vital to the management of this disease since the neuropathologic changes occur years before the symptoms are seen. The most important biomarker used for the detection of Alzheimer's disease is amyloid beta. One of the novel approaches towards research on Alzheimer's disease is the usage of autoantibody. These can be used as both biomarkers and for future treatment. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to novel biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by this book.

Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

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Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease by : Daniela Galimberti

Download or read book Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease written by Daniela Galimberti and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition into the brain of amyloid peptide, which originates a cascade of inflammatory events leading eventually to neuronal death. These pathological events likely occur several years before the clinical manifestation of the disease, implying that potential therapeutical interventions are currently started too late to give beneficial results. Recently, growing attention has been paid to the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), considered the prodromal phase of AD, as 80% of subjects with MCI have been shown to develop AD within 5 years. Several studies aimed to identify biological markers to differentiate between normal aging and incipient AD have been carried out, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and neuroimaging. In particular, the evaluation of CSF Amyloid beta (1-42) levels, together with tau and phospotau, are of help for recognizing early AD. Besides, a number of additional molecules are altered in CSF. Other early modifications have been observed in peripheral cells, such as fibroblasts and leukocytes, as well as in serum from patients. Biomarkers for AD represent important tools supporting the clinical diagnosis and the choice of potential therapeutic options. Moreover, they would be of great help for the selection of cohorts of homogeneous patients for clinical trials with new disease-modifying compounds. This book is aimed to give an update about MCI as prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD), to discuss the main known pathological mechanisms at the basis of AD and to describe the possible biomarkers to be used for an early diagnosis of the disease.

Identification of Novel Variants Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Using Quantitative Traits

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of Novel Variants Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Using Quantitative Traits by : Yuetiva Karenina Robles

Download or read book Identification of Novel Variants Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Using Quantitative Traits written by Yuetiva Karenina Robles and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease causing dementia in more than 5.4 million individuals in the United States. AD is a complex disease with a large genetic factor. Genetic linkage studies identified three causal genes for the Mendelian form of AD, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered more than 25 genetic loci associated with AD risk. However, it is unclear how these loci influence AD, or if they are associated with other AD phenotypes such as age at onset (AAO) or disease progression. Loci identified thus far explain less than half of the estimated genetic influence on risk, suggesting there are many more to be identified. Genetic studies of endophenotypes, biomarkers that are genetically correlated with disease and part of the causal pathway, have successfully identified novel genetic loci associated with AD risk and other phenotypes. We hypothesized that genetic studies using potential and well-validated endophenotypes may reveal novel associations with disease and provide important information about biology underlying the genetic architecture shared between the endophenotype and disease, not only with risk but also disease modifiers such as AAO or rate of cognitive decline. We also hypothesized that we could identify novel endophenotypes by unbiased genetic studies of a variety of biologically relevant protein levels.To identify plasma proteins that may be biomarkers for complex traits, including AD, we performed single-variant analyses on 818 individuals with levels of 146 plasma proteins measured using a multiplex immunoassay. This multiplex assay included a wide variety of proteins such as markers of various diseases and biological mechanisms. Although we did not identify novel AD biomarkers, we did identify promising novel biomarkers for multiple sclerosis and stroke, among others. We also observed evidence of complex genetic regulation of several proteins including potential pleiotropy and loci with multiple variants independently influencing protein levels.Several putative CSF biomarkers for AD have emerged the past few years, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), clusterin (CLU), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (also known as YKL-40, encoded by CHI3L1). We wanted to determine whether these potential biomarkers could also be AD endophenotypes; therefore, we analyzed these proteins in addition to known endophenotypes for AD: CSF amyloid-beta (A[beta]42), phosphorylated tau (ptau181), tau, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). ACE, ApoE, and YKL-40 levels were associated with the respective protein encoding genetic loci (ACE, APOE, and CHI3L1 respectively). The top loci for ACE and ApoE were also associated with AD risk and AAO, suggesting these may be informative for pathogenesis influencing disease onset. We did not find evidence that YKL-40 is an AD endophenotype, but CSF levels of YKL-40 positively correlated with both tau and ptau181 and the strength of the correlation significantly increased after including the genetic information from the associated locus. This suggests that biomarker studies may benefit by including genetic information. Our genetic analyses of CSF tau, ptau181, and A[beta]42 replicated results published previously from a smaller cohort and revealed two novel loci associated with ptau181. For the first time, we also identified two loci outside the APOE region that were associated with A[beta]42 which were also associated with AD risk (GLIS1 on 1p32.3: [beta] = 0.100, P = 3.43x10−2), disease progression (GLIS1: [beta] = 0.277, P = 1.92x10−2), and AAO (SERPINB1 on 6p25: [beta] = 0.043, P = 4.62x10−3).Most of the loci identified were non-coding; therefore, requiring additional analyses to determine the functional genetic traits affecting protein levels and potentially influencing AD phenotypes. We analyzed CSF levels of ACE and ApoE with available exome-chip and whole-genome data to identify coding variants. ApoE levels appeared to be driven by APOE genotype, there were no additional variants associated with ApoE levels. Several variants for ptau181 and A[beta]42 were predicted to alter regulatory motifs and affect protein binding. In order to ascertain the functional genes potentially driving the genetic association, we searched for SNPs with expression quantitative trait locus effects in human tissues. Analyses indicated that the same variant on 6p25 influenced A[beta]42 levels and expression of SERPINB1, which is a key regulator for neutrophil activity. Recently A[beta]42 was reported necessary to trigger infiltration of neutrophils into the brain, and with our findings, adds to the growing evidence that immune response plays a key role in AD pathogenicity. By utilizing quantitative traits such as endophenotypes in genetic studies we obtained results that will inform future studies.

Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012819345X
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease by : Maria Teresa Ferretti

Download or read book Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease written by Maria Teresa Ferretti and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Women’s Brain Project offers for the first time a critical overview of the evidence documenting sex and gender differences in Alzheimer’s disease neurobiology, biomarkers, clinical presentation, treatment, clinical trials and their outcomes, and socioeconomic impact on both patients and caregivers. This knowledge is crucial for clinical development, digital health solutions, as well as social and psychological support to Alzheimer’s disease families, in the frame of a precision medicine approach to Alzheimer’s disease.This book brings together up-to-date findings from a variety of experts, covering basic neuroscience, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, clinical trials development, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial support. Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, remains an unmet medical need for the planet. Wide interpersonal variability in disease onset, presentation, and biomarker profile make Alzheimer’s a clinical challenge to neuroscientists, clinicians, and drug developers alike, resulting in huge management costs for health systems and society. Not only do women represent the majority of Alzheimer’s disease patients, but they also represent two-thirds of caregivers. Understanding sex and gender differences in Alzheimer’s disease will lead to novel insights into disease mechanisms, and will be crucial for personalized disease management strategies and solutions, involving both the patient and their family. Endorsements/Reviews: "There is a clear sex and gender gap in outcomes for brain health disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, with strikingly negative outcomes for women. This understanding calls for a more systematic way of approaching this issue of inequality. This book effectively highlights and frames inequalities in all areas across the translational spectrum from bench-to-bedside and from boardroom-to-policy and economics. Closing the Brain Health Gap will help economies create recovery and prepare our systems for future global shocks." Harris A. Eyre MBBS, PhD, co-lead, Neuroscience-inspired Policy Initiative, OECD and PRODEO Institute. Instructor in Brain Health Diplomacy, Global Brain Health Institute, UCSF and TCD. "Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's disease is the most important title to emerge on Alzheimer's disease in recent years.This comprehensive, multidisciplinary book is a must read for anyone with a serious interest in dementia prevention, diagnosis, treatment, care, cure and research. Precision medicine is the future of healthcare and this book represents an incredible and necessary resource to guide practice, policy and research in light of the fact that Alzheimer's disease disproportionately affects women. The combination of contributions from the most eminent experts and the most up-to-date research makes this an invaluable resource for clinicians, care providers, academics, researchers and policy makers. Given the complex nature of dementia and the multiple factors that influence risk and disease trajectory the scope of the book is both impressive and important covering sex differences in neurobiological processes, sex and gender differences in clinical aspects and gender differences linked to socioeconomic factors relevant to Alzheimer's disease. If you work in Alzheimer's disease, or indeed other dementias, then Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's disease is a must have for your bookshelf." -- Sabina Brennan, PhD., C.Psychol.,PsSI., National representative for Ireland on Alzheimer Disease International's Medical and Scientific Advisory Panel

Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Differential Dementia Diagnosis

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Differential Dementia Diagnosis by : Charisse Somers

Download or read book Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Differential Dementia Diagnosis written by Charisse Somers and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: