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Hypersonic Air Flow With Finite Rate Chemistry
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Book Synopsis Hypersonic Air Flow with Finite Rate Chemistry by :
Download or read book Hypersonic Air Flow with Finite Rate Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, we present the results of a number of experimental studies and the accompanying analyses to develop and refine prediction techniques and the models that are employed in them to describe the effects of non-equilibrium flow chemistry, shock interaction, and turbulent mixing and combustion on the performance of vehicles and air breathing engines designed to fly in the hypersonic flow regime at velocities greater than 2 km/sec. During this research program, experimental studies and analyses were conducted to: (1) Define and predict the vibrational and chemical nonequilibrium characteristics of hypervelocity flows developed in a contoured nozzle. (2) Evaluate and compute the effects of real-gas chemistry on the characteristics and properties of base flows, interaction regions resulting from shock wave/boundary layer interaction and shock/shock interaction over simple model configurations, and indented nose shapes. (3) Study the characteristics of high-temperature regions of turbulent mixing and combustion associated with scramjet operations at Mach 12. The report is divided into four sections, each of which covers separate but inter-related experimental and theoretical programs that were conducted during the present contract.
Book Synopsis Hypersonic Flow of Air Around Blunt Bodies with Finite Chemical Reaction Rate by : Kenneth O. Thompson
Download or read book Hypersonic Flow of Air Around Blunt Bodies with Finite Chemical Reaction Rate written by Kenneth O. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Hypersonics written by Bertin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These three volumes entitled Advances in Hypersonics contain the Proceedings of the Second and Third Joint US/Europe Short Course in Hypersonics which took place in Colorado Springs and Aachen. The Second Course was organized at the US Air Force Academy, USA in January 1989 and the Third Course at Aachen, Germany in October 1990. The main idea of these Courses was to present to chemists, com puter scientists, engineers, experimentalists, mathematicians, and physicists state of the art lectures in scientific and technical dis ciplines including mathematical modeling, computational methods, and experimental measurements necessary to define the aerothermo dynamic environments for space vehicles such as the US Orbiter or the European Hermes flying at hypersonic speeds. The subjects can be grouped into the following areas: Phys ical environments, configuration requirements, propulsion systems (including airbreathing systems), experimental methods for external and internal flow, theoretical and numerical methods. Since hyper sonic flight requires highly integrated systems, the Short Courses not only aimed to give in-depth analysis of hypersonic research and technology but also tried to broaden the view of attendees to give them the ability to understand the complex problem of hypersonic flight. Most of the participants in the Short Courses prepared a docu ment based on their presentation for reproduction in the three vol umes. Some authors spent considerable time and energy going well beyond their oral presentation to provide a quality assessment of the state of the art in their area of expertise as of 1989 and 1991.
Book Synopsis Inviscid and Viscous Hypersonic Nozzle Flow with Finite Rate Chemical Reactions by : E. S. Levinsky
Download or read book Inviscid and Viscous Hypersonic Nozzle Flow with Finite Rate Chemical Reactions written by E. S. Levinsky and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Procedures are developed for determining the inviscid core and boundary layer development in diverging nozzles with high enthalpy reservoir conditions in which the gas composition has been displaced from equilibrium by chemical relaxation. A finite difference procedure, based on the method of characteristics, is used for the inviscid flow with finite rate chemical reactions. Laminar boundary layer profiles, based on local similarity, are obtained by integrating the coupled boundary layer and chemical reaction equations outward from the nozzle wall. Free stream boundary conditions on the chemical specie concentrations and the thermodynamic variables are satisfied by iterating o the unknow concentrations and derivatives at the wall. Numerical calculations are presented for the AEDC, VKF low density tunnel and the Convair hypersonic shock tunnel. Effects of chemical reactions in the boundary layer are restricted to the region in which the core flow has not yet frozen and in which the boundary layer is thin. When the boundary layer is thick enough to influence the core expansion, gas phase reactions are frozen. (Author).
Book Synopsis Finite Element Modeling of Gas-surface Interactions in Hypersonic Flight by : Yuzhen Huang
Download or read book Finite Element Modeling of Gas-surface Interactions in Hypersonic Flight written by Yuzhen Huang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Numerical simulations of the effects of gas-surface interactions on gas composition and heat flux at the surface are of paramount importance to the design of thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles. The present work extends the capabilities of the edge-based finite element three-dimensional all-Mach-number computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code HALO3D by the introduction of partially catalytic and finite-rate surface chemistry models. The partially catalytic model assumes that a fraction of the impinging atoms, whose value is governed by recombination efficiencies derived from arcjet test data, recombines on the surface. Its development is validated using the test data of the Electre blunt cone from the high-enthalpy shock tunnel of the German Aerospace Center. Results are obtained for a five-species Mach 9.7 flow using an unstructured mesh that underwent several anisotropic optimization cycles through OptiGrid. The heat flux profiles for partially catalytic surfaces are in good agreement with previously published numerical solutions and experimental data. The more accurate finite-rate surface chemistry model calculates recombination rates using surface reaction kinetics. Surface species with distinct thermodynamic properties are introduced to complement existing volume species. Three types of surface reaction mechanisms are considered: adsorption/desorption, Eley-Rideal, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood, with the reaction rate coefficients being dependent on surface properties. The spatial assembly and temporal integration of species production terms are validated by matching the transient response of a reactor with an analytical solution for a single irreversible adsorption reaction. The computation of forward and backward surface reaction rate coefficients is verified by comparing the equilibrium results of a reactor with multiple reversible surface reactions with previously published numerical solutions. Finally, a simulation with a reacting air flow around a cylinder with a catalytic silica surface is performed to demonstrate near-wall gas composition calculations using the finite-rate surface chemistry model. This work enables HALO3D to provide accurate predictions of gas composition and heat flux at the surface for the practical design of hypersonic vehicles and constitutes a cornerstone to further code extensions that are currently underway at the McGill University CFD Laboratory, focusing on the modeling of partially ionized flows and ablation"--
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Internal Supersonic Flows with Diffusion, Dissipation and Hydrogen-air Combustion by :
Download or read book An Analysis of Internal Supersonic Flows with Diffusion, Dissipation and Hydrogen-air Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Supersonic Combustion by : Antonio Ferri
Download or read book Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Supersonic Combustion written by Antonio Ferri and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical and experimental investigation of mixing and supersonic combustion is presented. A review of the problem under investigation is given. Then an analysis of inviscid flow fields with a finite rate chemistry for a hydrogen-air reaction is presented, an an analysis of a turbulent mixing for flows with large density gradients with no chemical reaction is presented. The analysis is compared wit the experimental results. Results of the experiments in upersonic combustion are presented. (Author).
Book Synopsis Non Equlibrium Chemistry for Hypersonic Flows Using an Edge-based Finite Element Method by : Jory Seguin
Download or read book Non Equlibrium Chemistry for Hypersonic Flows Using an Edge-based Finite Element Method written by Jory Seguin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The development of hypersonic vehicles for civilian transport presents several multi-disciplinary design challenges. The highly energetic conditions in the flow field can lead to chemical and thermal non-equilibrium effects that render complex the estimation of aerothermodynamic quantities such as lift, drag, mechanical stresses and heat fluxes through the body. These calculations are essential for the aerodynamic design of the vehicle as well as the development of thermal protection systems. Thus, there is a need for advanced computational tools to assist in the preliminary design phase.The present work extends the capabilities of the HALO3D simulation software into the non-equilibrium regime. The numerical approach enables accurate and robust computation of hypersonic flows, as well as relatively straightforward coupling with additional physical models. The physical and numerical modeling of several aspects related to chemical non-equilibrium are discussed. The species transport equations are solved in a loosely-coupled manner to reduce computational cost and simplify implementation. Reactions are modeled using laminar finite-rate chemistry, and various vibration-dissociation coupling models account for the effect of thermal non-equilibrium in the chemistry. Varying mixture composition is accounted for in all thermodynamic relations and several mixture transport property models are implemented. All calculations are encapsulated in an edge-based finite element framework that simultaneously incorporates many of the advantages of finite volume and finite element methods.A methodical verification and validation is carried out to isolate the effects and mechanisms in the model. The chemical source term and vibration-dissociation coupling models are first verified through unsteady reactor cases, then the mass diffusion is verified using a mixing layer problem. Subsequently, two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium are simulated and comparisons are made against established codes and experimental data. Overall, the solver is shown to be extremely capable and promising for future hypersonics research. " --
Book Synopsis FEM Simulation of Weakly Ionized Hypersonic Flows by : Gan Yang
Download or read book FEM Simulation of Weakly Ionized Hypersonic Flows written by Gan Yang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hypersonic flows over re-entry capsules are characterized by a strong bow shock with the gas seeing a rapid increase in temperature of the order of thousands of Kelvins. Chemical reactions in the resulting hot thermal non-equilibrium gas surrounding the vehicle are thus accelerated, causing ionization reactions that produce free electrons. The properties of such gas plasmas differ from those of neutral gases, causing communication blackouts. It is thus crucial to reliably predict the effects of ionization with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) given its ability to produce results at all stages of the design phase at significantly reduced cost and complexity than experiments. The present work extends the capabilities of the HALO3D hypersonic flow simulation software into the weakly ionized regime, with various aspects of the physical and numerical modeling of weakly ionized flows discussed. The gasdynamic equations of chemical-thermal non-equilibrium air are solved in a loosely coupled manner to increase computational efficiency. Reactions with different controlling temperatures are modeled using laminar finite-rate chemistry, and four vibrational-electronic source terms are modeled for ionization effects. A modified Fick's law with ambipolar diffusion is implemented to account for ionized flows, with binary diffusion coefficients added to model flows at high Mach numbers. The governing equations are discretized with an edge-based stabilized finite element method (FEM) that elegantly combines the many advantages of both finite element and finite volume methods. The finite-rate chemistry solver is verified through 11-species heat baths, while the modified Fick's law accounting for ambipolar diffusion is verified against a 1-D shock tube case. The implementation of the various plasma models is then validated using flight data from the RAM C-II, while code-to-code comparisons are also performed. Finally, HALO3D's results of RAM C-II and FIRE-II vehicles using unstructured and highly anisotropic meshes are optimized using OptiGrid through a series of multi-physics criteria, ensuring verification and validation of the algorithms used"--
Book Synopsis A Study of Reacting Free and Ducted Hydrogen/air Jets by :
Download or read book A Study of Reacting Free and Ducted Hydrogen/air Jets written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conservation Equations and Physical Models for Hypersonic Air Flows in Thermal and Chemical Nonequilibrium by : Peter A. Gnoffo
Download or read book Conservation Equations and Physical Models for Hypersonic Air Flows in Thermal and Chemical Nonequilibrium written by Peter A. Gnoffo and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Finite Rate Chemical Analysis of Nitric Oxide Flow Contamination Effects on Scramjet Performance by : Karen F. Cabell
Download or read book A Finite Rate Chemical Analysis of Nitric Oxide Flow Contamination Effects on Scramjet Performance written by Karen F. Cabell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Supersonic Chemically Reacting and Radiating Channel Flow by : Mortaza Mani
Download or read book Investigation of Supersonic Chemically Reacting and Radiating Channel Flow written by Mortaza Mani and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hypersonic Flow Research by : F.R. Riddell
Download or read book Hypersonic Flow Research written by F.R. Riddell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Astronautics and Rocketry, Volume 7: Hypersonic Flow Research compiles papers presented at a conference on hypersonics held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in August 1961. This book discusses the low Reynolds number effects, chemical kinetics effects, inviscid flow calculations, and experimental techniques relating to the problems in acquiring an understanding of hypersonic flow. The structure and composition of hypersonic wakes with attendant complex chemical kinetic effects is only briefly mentioned. This text consists of five parts. Parts A to C comprise of theoretical papers on the problems of calculating flow fields at hypersonic speeds. The experimental techniques that are of immediate practical interest in view of the difficulty of flight testing are discussed in Parts D and E. This publication is beneficial to engineers involved in advanced design problems.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722313586 Total Pages :68 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis Computational Study of Generic Hypersonic Vehicle Flow Fields by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Computational Study of Generic Hypersonic Vehicle Flow Fields written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-08 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geometric data of the generic hypersonic vehicle configuration included body definitions and preliminary grids for the forebody (nose cone excluded), midsection (propulsion system excluded), and afterbody sections. This data was to be augmented by the nose section geometry (blunt conical section mated with the noncircular cross section of the forebody initial plane) along with a grid and a detailed supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) geometry (inlet and combustor) which should be merged with the nozzle portion of the afterbody geometry. The solutions were to be obtained by using a Navier-Stokes (NS) code such as TUFF for the nose portion, a parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) solver such as the UPS and STUFF codes for the forebody, a NS solver with finite rate hydrogen-air chemistry capability such as TUFF and SPARK for the scramjet and a suitable solver (NS or PNS) for the afterbody and external nozzle flows. The numerical simulation of the hypersonic propulsion system for the generic hypersonic vehicle is the major focus of this entire work. Supersonic combustion ramjet is such a propulsion system, hence the main thrust of the present task has been to establish a solution procedure for the scramjet flow. The scramjet flow is compressible, turbulent, and reacting. The fuel used is hydrogen and the combustion process proceeds at a finite rate. As a result, the solution procedure must be capable of addressing such flows. Narayan, Johnny R. Unspecified Center...
Book Synopsis Numerical Investigation of the Supersonic Flow Over a Rearward Facing Step with Transverse Hydrogen Injection by : Steven Mark Sahm
Download or read book Numerical Investigation of the Supersonic Flow Over a Rearward Facing Step with Transverse Hydrogen Injection written by Steven Mark Sahm and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics by : John David Anderson
Download or read book Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics written by John David Anderson and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a self-contained text for those students and readers interested in learning hypersonic flow and high-temperature gas dynamics. It assumes no prior familiarity with either subject on the part of the reader. If you have never studied hypersonic and/or high-temperature gas dynamics before, and if you have never worked extensively in the area, then this book is for you. On the other hand, if you have worked and/or are working in these areas, and you want a cohesive presentation of the fundamentals, a development of important theory and techniques, a discussion of the salient results with emphasis on the physical aspects, and a presentation of modern thinking in these areas, then this book is also for you. In other words, this book is designed for two roles: 1) as an effective classroom text that can be used with ease by the instructor, and understood with ease by the student; and 2) as a viable, professional working tool for engineers, scientists, and managers who have any contact in their jobs with hypersonic and/or high-temperature flow.
