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Hydroxylation Of Unactivated Tertiary Carbon Hydrogen Bonds Using High Valent Ruthenium Catalysts
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Book Synopsis Hydroxylation of Unactivated Tertiary Carbon-hydrogen Bonds Using High-valent Ruthenium Catalysts by : Eric Andrew McNeill
Download or read book Hydroxylation of Unactivated Tertiary Carbon-hydrogen Bonds Using High-valent Ruthenium Catalysts written by Eric Andrew McNeill and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of the hydroxyl group in organic molecules of synthetic and biological interest makes direct, selective hydroxylation of unactivated carbon-hydrogen (C--H) bonds in complex molecules a desirable goal. This approach to oxygen incorporation is further inspired by Nature, where enzymes mediate hydroxylation of complex substrates with exquisite selectivity. Chemists have designed catalysts for C--H hydroxylation, but further improvements in chemoselectivity, positional selectivity and turnover numbers are needed for C--H hydroxylation to become a widely-used tool for fine chemicals synthesis. Our approach to the problem of C--H hydroxylation involves the use of high-valent ruthenium oxo complexes. We have found that addition of pyridine to ruthenium tetroxide (RuO¬4, generated using ruthenium trichloride and potassium bromate) results in a notable improvement in the ability of RuO4 to catalyze C--H hydroxylation of functionalized substrates. This reaction proceeds with predictable selectivity in substrates with more than one tertiary C--H center. Incorporation of isotopically labeled oxygen into a substrate is possible using this methodology. However, the highly-oxidizing nature of RuO4 places some limits on the types of functionality that may be present in substrate molecules. Limitations of the ruthenium tetroxide/pyridine catalyst system have led us to examine ruthenium complexes with tunable ligands. The complex (Me3tacn)RuCl3 (Me3tacn = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), in combination with silver perchlorate and ceric ammonium nitrate, catalyzes tertiary and benzylic C--H hydroxylation at room temperature with up to 80 turnovers. This catalyst system displays functional group compatibility and turnover numbers comparable with or superior to known catalysts for C--H hydroxylation. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via hydrogen atom abstraction followed by fast, solvent-caged radical rebound. Efforts to tune the ligand to further increase turnover numbers and catalyst selectivity are described.
Book Synopsis Hydroxylation of Unactivated Tertiary Carbon-hydrogen Bonds Using Organic and Metal-based Catalysts by : Ashley Margaret Adams
Download or read book Hydroxylation of Unactivated Tertiary Carbon-hydrogen Bonds Using Organic and Metal-based Catalysts written by Ashley Margaret Adams and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selective hydroxylation of C--H bonds with complex substrates remains a grand challenge in modern synthetic chemistry. Selective methods for C--H oxidation have the potential to transform the field of natural product and complex molecule synthesis. While a variety of methods exist for the oxidation of C--H bonds, significant challenges in reaction efficiency, including catalyst turnover numbers and oxidant use, and positional selectivity still remain. One method that our laboratory has investigated for C--H hydroxylation uses 1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxide-derived oxaziridines. By gaining an understanding of the off pathway processes that govern oxaziridine stability, significant improvements in reaction time, scope, and efficiency were obtained. Subsequent studies focused on elucidating the energetic requirements of the C--H bond oxidation event as well as probing the mechanism of the previously undescribed reduction of the oxaziridine intermediate in water and alcoholic solvents. The final chapter of this thesis details investigations into two metal-based approaches for catalyzing C--H hydroxylation, along with a comparative analysis of several methods for C--H hydroxylation that appear in the literature. These efforts serve to define the current scope and limitations of existing technologies for C--H hydroxylation and provide a reference for users of this technology.
Book Synopsis Remote C-H Bond Functionalizations by : Debabrata Maiti
Download or read book Remote C-H Bond Functionalizations written by Debabrata Maiti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-26 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to contemporary advancements in the field of distal C-H functionalizations An important and dynamic topic within the modern field of organic synthesis, selective functionalization of C-H bonds can be used in a variety of applications across the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Remote C-H Bond Functionalizations presents an inclusive account of the most recent developments and potential applications of performing variegated functionalizations selectively at the distal positions of organic compounds. Featuring contributions by an international team of experts, this authoritative volume provides deep insight into distal functionalizations, including detailed discussion of mechanisms, the engineering of templates, and the design of strategies. The text covers a diverse range of topics including C-H functionalization of palladium/norbornene catalysis, ruthenium-catalyzed remote functionalization, the non-directed distal C(sp2)-H, functionalization, transition metal catalyzed distal para-selective C-H functionalization, and much more. Reviewing contemporary advancements in the field while laying the foundation for future research, this important resource: Provides the most recent research and thorough coverage of the subject available in a single volume Offers practical information on C-H functionalizations in various industries Includes an up-to-date introduction to distal C-H functionalizations Remote C-H Bond Functionalizations is a must-read for every synthetic chemist, including chemists working with organometallics, organic chemists and researchers, and industrial chemists.
Book Synopsis Interfacial Electrochemistry by : Wolfgang Schmickler
Download or read book Interfacial Electrochemistry written by Wolfgang Schmickler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemistry is an old branch of physical chemistry. Due to the development of surface sensitive techniques, and a technological interest in fuel cells and batteries, it has recently undergone a rapid development. This textbook treats the field from a modern, atomistic point of view while integrating the older, macroscopic concepts. The increasing role of theory is reflected in the presentation of the basic ideas in a way that should appeal to experimentalists and theorists alike. Special care is taken to make the subject comprehensible to scientists from neighboring disciplines, especially from surface science. The book is suitable for an advanced course at the master or Ph.D. level, but should also be useful for practicing electrochemists, as well as to any scientist who wants to understand modern electrochemistry.
Book Synopsis The Functionalization of Benzylic Carbon-hydrogen Bonds by : Grace C. Hsu
Download or read book The Functionalization of Benzylic Carbon-hydrogen Bonds written by Grace C. Hsu and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Activation and Functionalization of C-H Bonds by : Karen I. Goldberg
Download or read book Activation and Functionalization of C-H Bonds written by Karen I. Goldberg and published by ACS Symposium. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activation and Functionalization of C-H Bonds explores recent developments in the reaction chemistry of solution-phase transition-metal based systems with simple hydrocarbons and with more complex organic molecules. More than 20 internationally leading research groups contributed to this volume, and their chapters cover such topics as fundamental theoretical and mechanistic studies of C-H bond activation by metal complexes, catalytic systems for alkane functionalization, and new applications in synthetic organic chemistry. An introductory chapter offers an overview of stoichiometric and catalytic reactions of C-H bonds with transition metal complexes. The C-H bond is the most widespread linkage in organic chemistry, present in virtually every organic molecule. Unfortunately, C-H bonds are famously resistant to selective chemical transformations. The development of methods for their selective transformations has enormous potential value in fields ranging from the chemistry of fuels (for example, the conversion of methane to methanol) to the synthesis of the most complex organic molecules.
Download or read book Iron Catalysis written by Bernd Plietker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-05 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juan I. Padrón and Víctor S. Martín: Catalysis by means of Fe-based Lewis acids; Hiroshi Nakazawa*, Masumi Itazaki: Fe–H Complexes in Catalysis; Kristin Schröder, Kathrin Junge, Bianca Bitterlich, and Matthias Beller: Fe-catalyzed Oxidation Reactions of Olefins, Alkanes and Alcohols: Involvement of Oxo- and Peroxo Complexes; Chi-Ming Che, Cong-Ying Zhou, Ella Lai-Ming Wong: Catalysis by Fe=X Complexes (X=NR, CR2); René Peters, Daniel F. Fischer and Sascha Jautze: Ferrocene and Half Sandwich Complexes as Catalysts with Iron Participation; Markus Jegelka, Bernd Plietker: Catalysis by Means of Complex Ferrates.
Book Synopsis Olefin Polymerization by : Walter Kaminsky
Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.
Book Synopsis Organotransition Metal Chemistry: From Bonding to Catalysis by : John F. Hartwig
Download or read book Organotransition Metal Chemistry: From Bonding to Catalysis written by John F. Hartwig and published by . This book was released on 2010-02-10 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on Collman et al.'s best-selling classic book, Principles and Applications of Organotransition Metal Chemistry, Hartwig's text consists of new or thoroughly updated and restructured chapters and provides an in-depth view into mechanism, reaction scope, and applications. It covers the most important developments in the field over the last twenty years with great clarity with a selective, but thorough and authoritative coverage of the fundamentals of organometallic chemistry, the elementary reactions of these complexes, and many catalytic processes occurring through organometallic intermediates, making this the Organotransition Metal Chemistry text for a new generation of scientists.
Book Synopsis Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions by : Aiwen Lei
Download or read book Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions written by Aiwen Lei and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first handbook on this emerging field provides a comprehensive overview of transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions in the presence of an oxidant. Following an introduction to the general concept and mechanism of this reaction class, the team of authors presents chapters on C-C cross-coupling reactions using organometallic partners, C-Heteroatom bond forming reactions via oxidative couplings, and C-H couplings via C-H activation. The text also covers such groundbreaking topics as recent achievements in the fields of C-C and C-X bond formation reactions as well as C-H activation involving oxidative couplings. With its novel and concise approach towards important building blocks in organic chemistry and its focus on synthetic applications, this handbook is of great interest to all synthetic chemists in academia and industry alike.
Book Synopsis Activation and Catalytic Reactions of Saturated Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Metal Complexes by : A.E. Shilov
Download or read book Activation and Catalytic Reactions of Saturated Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Metal Complexes written by A.E. Shilov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: hemistry is the science about breaking and forming of bonds between atoms. One of the most important processes for organic chemistry is breaking bonds C–H, as well as C–C in various compounds, and primarily, in hydrocarbons. Among hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, alkanes (methane, ethane, propane, hexane etc. ), are especially attractive as substrates for chemical transformations. This is because, on the one hand, alkanes are the main constituents of oil and natural gas, and consequently are the principal feedstocks for chemical industry. On the other hand, these substances are known to be the less reactive organic compounds. Saturated hydrocarbons may be called the “noble gases of organic chemistry” and, if so, the first representative of their family – methane – may be compared with extremely inert helium. As in all comparisons, this parallel between noble gases and alkanes is not fully accurate. Indeed the transformations of alkanes, including methane, have been known for a long time. These reactions involve the interaction with molecular oxygen from air (burning – the main source of energy!), as well as some mutual interconversions of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. However, all these transformations occur at elevated temperatures (higher than 300–500 °C) and are usually characterized by a lack of selectivity. The conversion of alkanes into carbon dioxide and water during burning is an extremely valuable process – but not from a chemist viewpoint.
Book Synopsis Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2017 by : A. C. Knipe
Download or read book Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2017 written by A. C. Knipe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2017, the 53rd annual volume in this highly successful and unique series, surveys research on organic reaction mechanisms described in the available literature dated 2017. The following classes of organic reaction mechanisms are comprehensively reviewed: • Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones and their Derivatives • Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric, and Sulfonic Acids and their Derivatives • Oxidation and Reduction • Carbenes and Nitrenes • Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution • Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution • Carbocations • Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution • Carbanions and Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution • Elimination Reactions • Polar Addition Reactions • Cycloaddition Reactions • Molecular Rearrangements An experienced team of authors compile these reviews every year, so that the reader can rely on a continuing quality of selection and presentation.
Book Synopsis The Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation by : D.H.R. Barton
Download or read book The Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation written by D.H.R. Barton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph consists of the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation, held in College Station, Texas, March 14-19, 1993. It contains an introductory chapter authored by Professors D. H. R. Barton and D. T. Sawyer, and twenty-nine chapters describing presentations by the plenary lecturers and invited speakers. One of the invited speakers, who could not submit a manuscript for reasons beyond his control, is represented by an abstract of his lecture. Also included are abstracts of forty-seven posters contributed by participants in the symposium. Readers who may wish to know more about the subjects presented in abstract form are invited to communicate directly with the authors of the abstracts. This is the fifth international symposium that has been held on this subject. The first was hosted by the CNRS, May 21-29, 1979, in Bendor, France (on the Island of Bandol). The second meeting was organized as a NATO workshop in Padova, Italy, June 24-27, 1984. This was followed by a meeting in Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-16, 1987. The fourth symposium was held at Balatonfured, Hungary, September 10-14, 1990. The sixth meeting is scheduled to take place in Delft, The Netherlands (late Spring, 1996); the organizer and host will be Professor R. A. Sheldon.
Book Synopsis Solvents as Reagents in Organic Synthesis by : Xiao-Feng Wu
Download or read book Solvents as Reagents in Organic Synthesis written by Xiao-Feng Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by highly renowned and experienced authors, this is the only reference on the application of solvents as reagents. Clearly structured, the text describes various methods for the activation and reaction of these small molecules, highlighting the synthetic opportunities as well as process-oriented advantages. To this end, all relevant types of solvents are covered separately and emphasized with numerous synthetic examples, while taking care to explain applications so as to avoid undesired side reactions. The result is a unique resource for every synthetic chemist and reaction engineer in industry and academia working on the methodical optimization of synthetic transformations.
Author :Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387274472 Total Pages :702 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (872 download)
Book Synopsis Cytochrome P450 by : Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 written by Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytochrome P450: Structure, Mechanism, and Biochemistry, third edition is a revision of a review that summarizes the current state of research in the field of drug metabolism. The emphasis is on structure, mechanism, biochemistry, and regulation. Coverage is interdisciplinary, ranging from bioinorganic chemistry of cytochrome P450 to its relevance in human medicine. Each chapter provides an in-depth review of a given topic, but concentrates on advances of the last 10 years.
Book Synopsis Natural Product Biosynthesis by : Christopher T. Walsh
Download or read book Natural Product Biosynthesis written by Christopher T. Walsh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook describes the types of natural products, the biosynthetic pathways that enable the production of these molecules, and an update on the discovery of novel products in the post-genomic era.
Book Synopsis Ruthenium Oxidation Complexes by : William P. Griffith
Download or read book Ruthenium Oxidation Complexes written by William P. Griffith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-03 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruthenium Oxidation Complexes explores ruthenium complexes, particularly those in higher oxidation states, which function as useful and selective organic oxidation catalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on those systems which are of industrial significance. The preparation, properties and applications of the ruthenium complexes are described, followed by a presentation of their oxidative properties and summary of the different mechanisms involved in the organic oxidations (e.g. oxidations of alcohols, alkenes, arenes and alkynes, alkanes, amines, ethers, phopshines and miscellaneous substrates). Moreover, future trends and developments in the area are discussed. This monograph is aimed at inorganic, organic, industrial and catalysis chemists, especially those who wish to carry out specific organic oxidations using catalytic methods.
