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Hydrogen Production From Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming Of Biogas Via Nickel Over Modified Cao Sorbent
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Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production from Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming of Biogas Via Nickel Over Modified CaO Sorbent by : Janewit Phromprasit
Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming of Biogas Via Nickel Over Modified CaO Sorbent written by Janewit Phromprasit and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research composed of two parts: (i) CO2 sorption study and (ii) hydrogen production performance tests using multifunctional catalysts. In the CO2 sorption section, the first group of metals (Mg2+, Sr2+ and Al3+) was loaded on CaO and tested the CO2 sorption and desorption performance over 10 cycles. Mg-CaO-HW offered the best stability in terms of CO2 sorption/desorption. Whereas Al-CaO-HW and Sr-CaO-HW exhibited a decrease in CO2 sorption capacity corresponding to 6 and 12% reduction. The second group of metals loading on CaO were Zr4+, Ce4+ and La3+. The results indicated that Zr-CaO-HW and Ce-CaO-HW possessed stable CO2 capacities over the 10 cycles. On the other hand, La-CaO-HW showed a decrease in the CO2 sorption capacity of 16%. This was due to the low-temperature oxygen storage properties of Zr-CaO-HW and Ce-CaO-HW, which enhanced the mobility of oxygen. In the section of H2 production, three sequences of Ni2+ loading on modified CaO were investigated. The results showed that Ni-Al-CaO-HW is the best multifunctional catalyst. The stability of Ni-Al-CaO-HW shows that CH4 conversion is still higher than 90% during the pre-breakthrough period for 5 cycle operations. Furthermore, Ni2+ was loaded on the modified sorbents Zr-CaO-HW, Ce-CaO-HW and La-CaO-HW. The results showed that Ni-Zr-CaO-HW and Ni-Ce-CaO-HW produced H2 at stable purities but with decreasing CH4 conversions. This was attributed to the loss of nickel active sites at the surface of the multifunctional catalysts due to the formation of CaCO3.
Book Synopsis New Dimensions in Production and Utilization of Hydrogen by : Sonil Nanda
Download or read book New Dimensions in Production and Utilization of Hydrogen written by Sonil Nanda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gradual increase of population and the consequential rise in the energy demands in the recent years have led to the overwhelming use of fossil fuels. Hydrogen has recently gained substantial interest because of its outstanding features to be used as clean energy carrier and energy vector. Moreover, hydrogen appears to be an effective alternative to tackle the issues of energy security and greenhouse gas emissions given that it is widely recognized as a clean fuel with high energy capacity. Hydrogen can be produced by various techniques such as thermochemical, hydrothermal, electrochemical, electrolytic, biological and photocatalytic methods as well as hybrid systems. New Dimensions in Production and Utilization of Hydrogen emphasizes on the research, development and innovations in the production and utilization of hydrogen in the industrial biorefining, hydrotreating and hydrogenation technologies, fuel cells, aerospace sector, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, as well as bio-oil upgrading. Moreover, the supply chain analysis, lifecycle assessment, techno-economic analysis, as well as strengths and threats of global hydrogen market are covered in the book. This book provides many significant insights and scientific findings of key technologies for hydrogen production, storage and emerging applications. The book serves as a reference material for chemical and biochemical engineers, mechanical engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical scientists and scholars working in the field of sustainable energy and materials. Discusses the efficient usage of hydrogen as standalone fuel or feedstock in downstream processing Outlines key technologies for hydrogen production and their emerging applications Includes innovative approaches to the research and applications of hydrogen, including hydrotreating technologies, fuel cell vehicles and green fuel synthesis, the aerospace sector, pharmaceuticals, carbon dioxide hydrogenation, and bio-oils upgrading Serves as a reference for chemical, biochemical, and mechanical engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, and biomedical scientists working in sustainable energy and materials
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production Through Sorption-enhanced Steam Reforming of Ethanol Using CaO-based Sorbent Mixed with Iron Oxide Catalyst by : Hind Omer Elsheikh Elfaki
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Through Sorption-enhanced Steam Reforming of Ethanol Using CaO-based Sorbent Mixed with Iron Oxide Catalyst written by Hind Omer Elsheikh Elfaki and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Hydrogen Production Via Glycerol Steam Reforming with and Without In-situ CO2 Removal by : Marziehossadat Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh
Download or read book Sustainable Hydrogen Production Via Glycerol Steam Reforming with and Without In-situ CO2 Removal written by Marziehossadat Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, hydrogen has attracted a great deal of attention as a green energy carrier. Currently, more than 95 % of hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, which has been questioned by the depletion of resources andincrease of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, renewable, carbon-neutral resources such as biomass and biomass-derived chemicals has been receiving a growing interest as an option to produce hydrogen. As a main by product in the biodiesel manufacturing process, glycerol has emerged as a promising source for hydrogen production. Although steam reforming (SR) is being recognized as a promising approach for converting glycerol to hydrogen, this process faces a number of challenges including the presence of equilibrium-limited reactions and the need of an expensive downstream purification system. To alleviate these problems, a promising alternative is sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR) process, in which steam reforming, water gas shift (WGS), and CO2 capture reactions occur simultaneously using areforming catalyst and a CO2solid sorbent. In this process, CO2 removal occurs simultaneously with the reforming reaction, shifting the WGS reaction towards hydrogen production and producing a hydrogen-enriched gas stream in a single step. The key factors in the successful application of this technology are mainly: (i) reforming catalysts and CO2 sorbents that can work efficiently under the harsh conditions of SESR process and (ii) mixing pattern of catalyst and sorbent. This thesis focuses on the development of efficient catalyst and catalyst-sorbent bifunctional materials for sustainable hydrogen production by SR and SESR of glycerol (SRG and SESRG). More specifically, four main objectives of our workare: (i) investigating the influence of steam addition during either carbonation or calcination on the CO2 capture performance of Ca9Al6O18-CaO sorbent, (ii) developing Ca9Al6O18−CaO/xNiO (x = 15, 20, and 25 wt.%) and Ca9Al6O18−CaO/20NiO−yCeO2(y = 5, 10, and 15 wt %) catalyst-sorbent bifunctional materials and studying the influence of CeO2 on the material stability incyclic SESRG/regeneration operation, (iii) proposing a new method for the synthesis of a more readily reducible NiAl2O4 spinel and studying the influence of CeO2 addition on its catalytic performance, and (iv) novel synthesis of two Ni-CaO-based catalyst-sorbent bifunctional materials with highlyuniform distribution of catalytic active sites. (i) CO2 capture performance of Ca9Al6O18-CaO sorbent was investigated in the presence of two concentrations of steam, 2.3 and 9.5 vol. %.The obtained results revealed that the sorbent reactivity was remarkably enhanced for both concentrations of steam injected during carbonation step. In the case of steam addition during calcination, the CO2 capture performance was influenced negatively or positively depending on the concentration of steam. For 2.3 vol.% steam, the sorbent reactivity was worsened, while the presence of 9.5 vol.% steam led to an increase in the CO2capture capacity during 9 initial cycles.(ii) Two series of catalyst-sorbent bifunctional materials were developed for the sustainable production of high-purity hydrogen by SESRG. Using Ca9Al6O18−CaO/xNiO (x = 15,20, and 25 wt.%) materials during five SESRG/regeneration cycles revealed that their reactivity was rapidly deteriorated mainly due to CaO sintering and coke deposition. As a result, the pre-breakthrough time and hydrogen yield decreased notably over five cycles. Interestingly, the addition of CeO2 to the most efficient catalyst (Ca9Al6O18−CaO/20NiO) led to a significant enhancement in material stability during cyclic operation. The bifunctional material promoted with 10 wt.% of CeO2 demonstrated the best performance, with a stable H2purity of ∼98% and H2yield of ∼91% over 20SESRG/regeneration cycles. (iii) A novel method, involving one-or two-step calcination of Ni-Al mixed-metal alkoxide((Ni-Al)-Glycerate), was developed for the synthesis of NiAl2O4 spinel. For comparison purposes, the NiAl2O4 spinel was also synthesized throughthe conventional co-precipitation method followed by two-step calcination technique. The characterization results revealed that the synthesis of NiAl2O4 spinel through two-step calcination of (Ni-Al)-Glycerateresulted in the formation of a more easily reducible catalyst and a more developed porous structure. This sample showed the highest H2yield (76.38 %) and glycerol conversion into gaseous products (95.42 %) when compared to other two samples. In order to avoid or reduce coke formation, 10 wt.% of CeO2 was incorporated into the sample prepared by two-step calcination of (Ni-Al)-Glycerate. The thermogravimetric analysis of the CeO2-promoted catalyst after SRG reaction revealed that the coke formation was almost completely suppressed. The method developed for the synthesis of NiAl2O4 spinel in the previous work was combined with the ethanol/water treatment of CaO-based sorbents to synthesistwo new NiCaO-based catalyst-sorbent bifunctional materials for hydrogen production via SESRG. Cyclic SESRG/regeneration experiments showed that the Ca3Al2O6-CaO/NiO-CeO2 bifunctional material possessed higher activity and stability when compared to NiAl2O4-CaO/NiAl2O4-CeO2. The former one exhibited a high constant H2 purity of around 96% over 10 cycles, while the latter showed a H2 purity of approximately 90% over the first 6 cycles, followed by the further decrease to 86 % over the last 4 cycles. In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis show that SESRG can be a very promising approach for high-purity hydrogen production in a single step, providing that the employed catalyst-sorbent bifunctional materials possess uniform distribution of catalytic and sorption active sites on nanoscale and high resistance against CaO sintering and coke formation. To prepare catalyst-sorbent bifunctional materials with these characteristics, two main approaches were employed in this work: (i) developing new synthesis methods that provide a homogeneous distribution of targeted elements (Ca, Ni, Al, and Ce in this study) and (ii) using CeO2 as a promising promoter to reduce or suppress coke formation and enhance the cyclic stability of CaO particles.
Book Synopsis A-Z of Biorefinery by : Nuttha Thongchul
Download or read book A-Z of Biorefinery written by Nuttha Thongchul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A-Z of Biorefinery: A Comprehensive View provides a comprehensive book that highlights and illustrates important topics relating to biorefineries, including associated theory, current and future research trends, available techniques and future challenges. This book will benefit a wide range of audiences, including students, engineers, scientists, practitioners, and those who are keen to explore more on biorefinery. Sections cover the availability of current technologies, constraints, market trends, recent system developments, and the concepts that enable modern biorefineries to utilize all kinds of biomass. This book is an essential resource for students, scientists, engineers and practitioners working in industry and academia. Covers the most important topics relating to biorefineries Provides related definitions, theories, overviews of methods, applications and important references Offers perspectives and concise reviews for each section Includes complete design case studies with tutorials
Book Synopsis Adsorption Enhanced Reaction Process for Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of Methane by :
Download or read book Adsorption Enhanced Reaction Process for Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of Methane written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the adsorption enhanced reaction process for hydrogen production from steam reforming of methane on both the experimental and simulation studies. The studies are divided into two parts including i) the experimental studies to observe the possibility of using multifunctional catalyst synthesized by Ni impregnated on CO2 adsorbent ii) the simulation to study the influence of different K2CO3 promoted HTC sorbents on the performance of SESMR process and to analyze the effect of the operating parameters on the pre-breakthrough period.
Book Synopsis Supported Layered Double Hydroxides as CO2 Adsorbents for Sorption-enhanced H2 Production by : Diana Iruretagoyena Ferrer
Download or read book Supported Layered Double Hydroxides as CO2 Adsorbents for Sorption-enhanced H2 Production written by Diana Iruretagoyena Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sorption Enhanced Reaction Concepts For Hydrogen Production: Materials & Processes by : K.B. Lee
Download or read book Sorption Enhanced Reaction Concepts For Hydrogen Production: Materials & Processes written by K.B. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An emerging area of research and development called Sorption Enhanced Reaction (SER) has generated much interest during the last decade in the development of (a) new reversible chemisorbents for carbon dioxide in presence of steam and (b) process schemes using those materials for production of fuel-cell grade H2 from (i) natural gas by low temperature endothermic steam-methane reforming (SMR) reaction, and (ii) synthesis gas by exothermic water gas shift (WGS) reaction, with or without simultaneous production of a by-product CO2 stream for subsequent sequestration. The research is primarily driven by the advent of the hydrogen economy and the concern of global warming and ocean acidification by CO2 emission to the atmosphere . The SER concepts are based on the well-known Le Chatelier s principle that the thermodynamic limitations (product purity and conversion) of an equilibrium-controlled reaction (catalytic or otherwise) can be circumvented by carrying out the reaction in presence of a sorbent which selectively removes a reaction product from the reaction zone, thereby increasing the conversion of reactants to products and the rate of the forward reaction. The two key chemical reactions are: SMR Reaction (Endothermic): CH4 + H2O ? CO + 3 H2, WGS Reaction (Exothermic): CO + H2O ? CO2 + H2, Both reactions are equilibrium-controlled and in situ removal of CO2 from the reaction zone at the reaction conditions will benefit production of H2 in many different ways. The thermodynamics of SMR reaction is favored at higher temperatures and conventional SMR reactors are operated above 800 oC requiring expensive alloyed steel reactors. The SER concept permits drastic lowering of the reaction temperature to 450 550 oC without sacrificing the conversion of CH4 to H2, thus significantly reducing the capital and operating costs of the reactor. It also enhances the rates of the forward reactions. Furthermore, the concept (i) minimizes or eliminates carbon formation and catalyst deactivation, (ii) increases H2 product purity, and (iii) decreases the footprint of the plant by combining the reaction and product purification steps in a single unit. The thermodynamics of the WGS reaction is favored at the lower temperatures. However, conventional WGS reactors are operated in the temperature range of 250 400 oC in order to achieve an acceptable rate of reaction. The SER concept enhances the rate of WGS reaction at lower temperatures and improves the conversion of CO to H2 and product purity. It also combines the reaction and the product purification steps in a single unit. This compendium contains six comprehensive articles describing CO2 chemisorbents and SER process concepts for H2 production. They were written by six eminent research groups around the world who have direct and extensive expertise on these subjects. The following table gives the author names, affiliations, and the titles of the articles. The CO2 chemisorbents employed in these studies include materials which undergo bulk chemical reactions with CO2 as well as materials where the CO2 chemisorption is limited to the surface. The SER processes involve a multitude of variations including pressure swing adsorption (PSA) schemes, thermal swing adsorption (TSA) schemes, combinations thereof, fixed-bed and fluidized-bed operations, continuous or semi-batch operations, etc. Experimental as well as model simulations of the process performances are also reported by the authors. The paper by Rodrigues, Xiu, Li, Grande, and Oliveira from the University of Porto, Portugal describes the simulated performance of two different SER concepts for production of H2 by SMR which employ the principles of PSA and commercial hydrotalcites modified by potassium and cesium carbonates as CO2 sorbents. The PSA concepts use (i) purge with 10% H2 in N2 for regeneration and (ii) subsections with different sorbent/catalyst ratio and operating temperatures. The paper by He and Chen from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway provides an extensive review of CO2 acceptors for use in SER-SMR concepts for H2 production. The materials include CaO/dolomite, Li2ZrO3, Na2ZrO3 among others. The key topics include thermodynamics and kinetics of SER process using these materials, stability of the sorbents, as well as basic SER process concepts. The paper by Harrison from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, U.S.A. reviews various SER-SMR process designs using CaO as the CO2 sorbent. The concept can lower the SMR reaction temperature by ~200 oC compared to the conventional reaction temperature. The article by Beaver, Lee, Caram, and Sircar from the Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, U.S.A. reviews their recent works on a novel rapid thermal swing sorption enhanced reaction concepts for (i) production of fuel-cell grade H2 by low temperature SMR and (ii) simultaneous production of fuel-cell grade H2 and pure, compressed CO2 for subsequent sequestration from synthesis gas produced by coal gasification. Simulated process performance of these concepts are presented using K2CO3 promoted hydrotalcite and Na2O promoted alumina as CO2 sorbents. The paper by Lee, Yoon, and Baek from the Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Korea presents model parametric studies of process design variables for production of H2 using a SER-SMR concept employing CaO as the CO2 sorbent. The article by Barelli, Bidini, and Gallorini from the University of Perugia, Italy describes a model analysis of a thermo-fluid dynamic model of a fixed-bed SER-SMR reactor for H2 production and its experimental verification. We believe that the present compilation provides a state of the art research status for the subject and will form an excellent starting point for future research. We are grateful to the authors for their kind and timely participation and contributions for making this publication a reality. We also thank Dr. S. G. Pandalai, Managing Editor of Research Signpost for inviting us to prepare this special review book and providing us with all the help for its publication.
Book Synopsis Renewable Hydrogen Production by : Ibrahim Dincer
Download or read book Renewable Hydrogen Production written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-27 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Hydrogen Production provides a comprehensive analysis of renewable energy-based hydrogen production. Through simulation analysis and experimental investigations, the book provides fundamentals, compares existing hydrogen production applications, discusses novel technologies, and offers insights into the future directions of this rapidly evolving industry. This all-in-one resource on how to produce clean hydrogen production to enhance energy efficiency and support sustainable development will appeal to a wide variety of industries and professionals. Addresses the production of clean hydrogen from the major sources of renewable energy, including wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, biomass and marine energy Presents information from simulations and experimental analyses Offers insights into the future of renewable hydrogen production
Book Synopsis Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes by : Alírio E. Rodrigues
Download or read book Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes written by Alírio E. Rodrigues and published by Wspc (Europe). This book was released on 2017-08 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the development of sorption enhanced reaction processes (SERPs) with detailed modelling and simulation, design and operation of units. SERPs are processes intensified by combining adsorption and reaction, reaction and membranes or reaction/adsorption/membranes in a single unit in order to overcome thermodynamic limitations of conversion in reversible reactions. The focus here is on gas phase and liquid phase processes involving different technologies, including pressure swing adsorptive reactors, membrane reactors and simulated moving bed reactors. Emphasis is also given to presenting data and practical applications of SERP products. Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes provides undergraduate and graduate students of chemistry and chemical engineering, researchers and industrial engineers with a clear path towards process development of SERP, whatever the area of application.
Book Synopsis High-temperature CO2 Sorbents and Application in the Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production by : Hamid Reza Radfarnia
Download or read book High-temperature CO2 Sorbents and Application in the Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production written by Hamid Reza Radfarnia and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Valorization of Coal Fly Ash Waste in Conventional/intensified Glycerol Steam Reforming for Green Hydrogen Production by : Kang Gao
Download or read book Sustainable Valorization of Coal Fly Ash Waste in Conventional/intensified Glycerol Steam Reforming for Green Hydrogen Production written by Kang Gao and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among renewable fuels, hydrogen is an appealing energy carrier for mitigating climatechange arising from the anthropogenic emissions of CO2. Most hydrogen is currentlyproduced by steam reforming (SR) from fossil fuels. For specific applications, hydrogenyield/purity can be enhanced via the integration of steam reforming and sorptionintensification in a single step/reactor (SESR). However, the high and unceasingconsumption of fossil fuels results in the exhaustion of finite resources and negative effectson the environment. With a scenario of green-economic sustainable development, there is agrowing interest in the recycling and valorization of a variety of industrial wastes and residualmaterials to a broad spectrum of value-added products. In particular, hydrogen productionfrom renewable byproduct substrates is widely recognized and investigated as a promisingapproach to mitigate energy and environmental crises. The booming of biodiesel productionhas resulted in the increase of glycerol (C3H8O3), byproduct, which can represent however apotential feedstock candidate to be adopted in green technologies for conversion intohydrogen. On the other side, another industrial waste, coal fly ash (FA), is vastly generatedfrom coal combustion in thermal power plants. Due to its high thermal stability and the factthat it contains several metal oxides, FA can act as potential alternative solid support and/orpromotor for developing heterogeneous catalysts. The hydrogen production (SR and/or SESR)presents therefore opportunities to valorize glycerol and FA wastes in a green approach(GSR/SEGSR).In the context of the importance of turning wastes into value-added products, this thesis dealswith a combined valorization of two important industrial residues (namely, FA for developingefficient Ni-based catalysts (yNi-FAx) and bifunctional catalyst-sorbent materials (Ni-CaO-FA), and glycerol as potential alternative feedstock) for sustainable green hydrogenproduction by GSR and SEGSR processes. More specifically, the main objectives of our workwere 1) investigating the influence of FA types, Ni loading, and reforming temperature onthe catalytic performance of yNi-FAx catalysts, 2) proposing a novel method for improvingthe properties of raw FA by adjusting the physicochemical properties using acid/alkalitreatments, and 3) developing bifunctional Ni-CaO-FA catalyst-sorbent materials for multi-cyclic SEGSR/regeneration operation.(1) FA supported Ni catalysts (Ni-FA) were synthesized via solid-state impregnation method.The effect of different parameters including (i) types of FA, (ii) Ni loading (2.5 - 15 wt.%),and (iii) reforming temperature (530 - 730 °C) on the catalytic performance of yNi-FAxcatalysts over GSR was investigated. The best performance in terms of activity (glycerolconversion to gas = 98 %, hydrogen yield = 78.8 %) and stability (40 h, with a low rate ofcoke formation and sintering 2.44 mgcoke•g−1catalyst•h−1) was achieved for 7.5 wt.% Ni-FA4 catalyst at 630 °C. This performance was attributed to a higher dispersion of Ni° active sitesand stronger interaction with the support, due to the higher surface area of FA4 and theexistence of nepheline (providing vacancy sites for anchoring Ni particles) and thermostablemullite.(2) In light of the catalytic performance of Ni-FAx catalyst (1), simple acid/alkali treatmentswere carried out to improve a low-efficiency FA (as support of Ni-based catalyst) byregulating its properties via one-step (HNO3 or NaOH) or two-step (NaOH/HNO3 orHNO3/NaOH) leaching-partial-dissolution (LPD). The influence of the treatment sequenceon the activity of the developed catalysts was highlighted. The results show that the catalyticactivity of Ni-FA(treated) catalysts for GSR was significantly improved compared to theuntreated materials. Alkali-LPD is more effective than acid-LPD in both improving FA’ssurface area and adjusting FA’s elemental distribution. Ni-FA(HNO3/NaOH) has the bestperformance with glycerol conversion to gas of 99.2 % and hydrogen yield of 74.5 %,attributed to (i) the removal of sulfur-containing species via acid-LPD, (ii) improvement ofspecific surface area, iron exposure, and Ni dispersion via alkali-LPD, (iii) reduction of cokeformation by acid/alkali-LPD sequence treatment, and (iv) enhancement of catalytic stabilitydue to the formation of NiFe alloys. (3) To synthesize bifunctional catalyst-sorbent materials, an attempt was initially made tomodify a CaO-based sorbent by adding different types of FA (FAx (x = 1 to 12)) to develophighly efficient and economical CaO-based sorbents for CO2 removal at high temperatures.The results showed that CaO-FA5 (90 wt.% CaO) sorbent offered the most stable CO2 captureactivity over 20 cycles, with a CO2 capture capacity of 0.58 gCO2•gsorbent-1 at the 1st cycle and 0.45 gCO2•gsorbent-1 at the 20th cycle. This was attributed to the relatively high amounts of SiO2 and mullite (inert materials) in FA5 compared to the other FAx samples. The presence of these inert materials helps to enhance the sorbent stability by hindering their aggregation andsintering. This sorbent was then chosen to further synthesize a bifunctional catalyst-sorbentmaterial for highly pure hydrogen production via SEGSR. The Ni-CaO-FA5 bifunctionalmaterial exhibited a stable hydrogen purity of ~ 97 % and yield of ~ 90 % for 30 min (pre-breakthrough period). These results highlight the high potential of FA5 as a low-coststabilizer for improving the stability of CaO-based sorbents.In conclusion, through the valorization of both liquid (glycerol) and solid (coal fly ash)residual materials, the results presented in this thesis provide an economic and environmentalapproach to hydrogen production by GSR as well as the simultaneous CO2 capture and high-purity hydrogen production by SEGSR. Even though not all kinds of as-received (raw) FAmaterials are suitable for serving as catalytic support, simple acid/alkali treatments could leadto low-calcium/sulfur FA supports with superior physicochemical features. As for differentresidual liquid substrates, using solid wastes to catalytically produce hydrogen is anenvironmentally favorable and economically sustainable strategy. With the growing energycrisis, this aspect is becoming more important and pushing forward new attempts to convertmore wastes to value-added products
Book Synopsis Sorption-enhanced Reaction Processes by : Alírio E. Rodrigues
Download or read book Sorption-enhanced Reaction Processes written by Alírio E. Rodrigues and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Conversion by : A. Holmen
Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion written by A. Holmen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-05-27 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings reflect the extensive fundamental and applied research efforts that are currently being made on the conversion of gas, in particular on the direct conversion of methane. The Symposium in Oslo focused on the following topics: Direct conversion of methane, Fischer-Tropsch chemistry, methanol conversion and natural gas conversion processes. The main aim was to present the state-of-the-art and progress currently being made within each of these areas. The book contains the papers presented and includes plenary lectures, short communications and posters. The papers will be of interest to scientists and engineers working in the field of gas conversion, transportation fuels, primary petrochemicals and catalysis.
Book Synopsis Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis by : Prabir Basu
Download or read book Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis written by Prabir Basu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive coverage of the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, the key technology enabling the production of biofuels from all viable sources--some examples being sugar cane and switchgrass. This versatile resource not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass gasifiers. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. After fossil fuels, biomass is the most widely used fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long term if residues are properly handled and dedicated energy crops are grown. Includes step-by-step design procedures and case studies for Biomass GasificationProvides worked process flow diagrams for gasifier design. Covers integration with other technologies (e.g. gas turbine, engine, fuel cells)
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production Technologies by : Mehmet Sankir
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Technologies written by Mehmet Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.
Book Synopsis Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications by : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Download or read book Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since fossil fuels suffer from dangerous side effects for the environment and their resources are limited, bioenergy attracted many attentions in various aspects as an alternative solution. Therefore, increasing number of researches are conducted every year and the processes updated frequently to make them more economic and industrially beneficial. Advances in Bioenergy and Microfluidic Applications reviews recent developments in this field and covers various advanced bio-applications, which rarely are reviewed elsewhere. The chapters are started from converting biomass to valuable products and continues with applications of biomass in water-treatment, novel sorbents and membranes, refineries, microfluidic devices and etc. The book covers various routes for gaining bioenergy from biomass. Their composition, carbon contents, heat production capacities and other important factors are reviewed in details in different chapters. Then, the processes for upgrading them directly and indirectly (using metabolic engineering and ultrasonic devices) to various fuels are explained. Each process is reviewed both technically and economically and the product analysis is given. Besides, the effect of various catalysts on increasing selectivity and productivity are taken into account. Biofuels are compared with fossil fuels and challenges in the way of bioenergy production are explained. Moreover, advanced bio-applications in membranes, adsorption, waste water treatment, microfluidic devices and etc. are introduced. This book provides a good insight about such bioprocesses and microfluidics devices for researchers, students, professors and related departments and industries that care about energy resources and curious about recent advances in related methods and technologies. Despite other books which review biomass chemistry and conversion, the current book emphasize on the application of biomass in the mentioned areas. Therefore, one can gain a better and more comprehensive insight by reading the book. Describes energy production from biomass, biomass conversion, their advantages and limitations Describes the application of biomass in membranes, sorbents, water-treatment, refineries, and microfluidic devices Offers a future outlook of bioenergy production and possibility to apply in the industries
