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Hybrid Coagulation Ceramic Membrane Filtration For Us Surface Water Treatment
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Book Synopsis Hybrid Coagulation-ceramic Membrane Filtration for U.S. Surface Water Treatment by : Amir Younis Alansari
Download or read book Hybrid Coagulation-ceramic Membrane Filtration for U.S. Surface Water Treatment written by Amir Younis Alansari and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: carbon (DOC), surrogates of disinfection by-products (DBPs), were reduced by 60 and 30 percent, respectively. With coagulant pretreatment, DBP concentrations were effectively reduced below their maximum contaminant levels. Optimized coagulation pretreatment with ferric chloride reduced the rate of membrane fouling by approximately 92 percent. Removals of surrogates of DBPs were approximately 20 to 30 percent higher than for the control (no coagulation) experiment. Attempts to optimize the system with aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) were unsuccessful. In some cases an increase in the rate membrane fouling was observed as a result of the addition of ACH.The overall results demonstrated that both aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride can potentially be used for the coagulation pretreatment of ceramic membrane systems. However, aluminum sulfate was found to be more flexible and consistent at controlling the rate of membrane fouling. Under optimized coagulation conditions, current drinking water standards can be met, typically at coagulant dosages lower than those required for a conventional treatment process.
Book Synopsis Fouling Characteristics of Ceramic Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membranes During Surface Water Treatment by : SeungJin Lee
Download or read book Fouling Characteristics of Ceramic Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membranes During Surface Water Treatment written by SeungJin Lee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic membrane processes are a rapidly emerging technology for water treatment, yet virtually no information on the performance and fouling mechanisms is available to the industry. Ceramic microfiltration of model feed solutions and a synthetic river water was examined, and a systematic comparison with polymeric counterpart was performed. The results suggested that the models which have been applied to polymeric membranes agreed well with the ceramic membrane filtration data. The fouling was characterized by the initial pore blocking mechanism and transition to the cake filtration mechanism at a later phase. Cake resistance was dominant and readily removable by physical cleaning. The effects of solution chemistry including ionic strength, divalent ion concentration and pH on the flux behavior were comparatively evaluated for ceramic and polymeric ultrafiltration of synthetic water containing model natural organic matter. Experimental evaluations further included resistance-in-series model analysis, organic matter fouling visualization using quantum dots, batch adsorption test, and contact angle measurement, and provided a quantitative a quantitative comparison of fouling characteristics between ceramic and polymeric membranes. The results collectively suggested that the effects of solution chemistry on the fouling behavior with ceramic membranes were mostly similar with polymeric membranes in terms of trends, while the extents varied depending on water quality parameters. Less fouling tendency and better cleaning efficiency were observed with the ceramic membranes, which was a promising finding for ceramic membrane application to surface water treatment. The study further examined a coagulation-ceramic membrane process as a robust option for surface water treatment. The performance of the hybrid system was evaluated using selected surface waters by varying coagulation conditions and types of coagulants. Results suggested that ceramic membranes experienced relatively less fouling and had better cleaning efficiency than polymeric counterpart. The results of this study provide critical information to guide the industry practitioners, consultants, and regulatory agents considering early adoption of this new technology as well as fundamental knowledge upon which further in-depth studies can be built.
Book Synopsis Application of Hybrid Process of Coagulation/Flocculation and Membrane Filtration to Water Treatment by : Rosangela Bergamasco
Download or read book Application of Hybrid Process of Coagulation/Flocculation and Membrane Filtration to Water Treatment written by Rosangela Bergamasco and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Application of Hybrid Process of Coagulation/Flocculation and Membrane Filtration to Water Treatment.
Book Synopsis Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual by : U. S. Environmental Agency
Download or read book Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual written by U. S. Environmental Agency and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-01-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, the most common form of drinking water treatment for surface water sources involves the chemical/physical removal of particulate matter by coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration processes, along with disinfection to inactivate any remaining pathogenic microorganisms. Filtration remains the cornerstone of drinking water treatment, conventionally in the form of granular media depth filters. Although granular media filters can produce high quality water, they represent a probabilistic rather than an absolute barrier; consequently, pathogens can still pass through the filters and pose a health risk. The disinfection process provides an additional measure of public health protection by inactivating these microorganisms. However, some microorganisms, such as Cryptosporidium, are resistant to common primary disinfection practices such as chlorination and chloramination. Furthermore, drinking water regulations have established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that may create incentive for drinking water utilities to minimize the application of some disinfectants. As a result of the concern over chlorine-resistant microorganisms and DBP formation, the drinking water industry is increasingly utilizing alternative treatment technologies in an effort to balance the often-competing objectives of disinfection and DBP control. One such alternative technology that has gained broad acceptance is membrane filtration. Although the use of membrane processes has increased rapidly in recent years, the application of membranes for water treatment extends back several decades. Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have been used for the desalination of water since the 1960s, with more widespread use of nanofiltration (NF) for softening and the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) dating to the late 1980s. However, the commercialization of backwashable hollow-fiber microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane processes for the removal of particulate matter (i.e., turbidity and microorganisms) in the early 1990s has had the most profound impact on the use, acceptance, and regulation of all types of membrane processes for drinking water treatment. The purpose of this guidance manual is to provide technical information on the use of membrane filtration and application of the technology for compliance with the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, which would require certain systems to provide additional treatment for Cryptosporidium.
Book Synopsis Membrane-based Hybrid Processes for Wastewater Treatment by : Maulin P. Shah
Download or read book Membrane-based Hybrid Processes for Wastewater Treatment written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane-Based Hybrid Processes for Wastewater Treatment analyzes and discusses the potential of membrane-based hybrid processes for the treatment of complex industrial wastewater, the recovery of valuable compounds, and water reutilization. In addition, recent and future trends in membrane technology are highlighted. Industrial wastewater contains a large variety of compounds, such as heavy metals, salts and nutrients, which makes its treatment challenging. Thus, the use of conventional water treatment methods is not always effective. Membrane-based hybrid processes have emerged as a promising technology to treat complex industrial wastewater. - Discusses the properties, mechanisms, advantages, limitations and promising solutions of different types of membrane technologies - Addresses the optimization of process parameters - Describes the performance of different membranes - Presents the potential of Nanotechnology to improve the treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) - Covers the application of membrane and membrane-based hybrid treatment technologies for wastewater treatment - Includes forward osmosis, electrodialysis, and diffusion dialysis - Considers hybrid membrane systems expanded to cover zero liquid discharge, salt recovery, and removal of trace contaminants
Book Synopsis Development of a Novel Polysilicate Ferric Coagulant and Its Application to Coagulation-membrane Filtration Hybrid System in Wastewater Treatment by : Firoozeh Nateghi Ghasemian Nejad
Download or read book Development of a Novel Polysilicate Ferric Coagulant and Its Application to Coagulation-membrane Filtration Hybrid System in Wastewater Treatment written by Firoozeh Nateghi Ghasemian Nejad and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle
Download or read book Electrochemical Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical Water Treatment Methods provides the fundamentals and applications of electrochemical water treatment methods to treat industrial effluents. Sections provide an overview of the technology, its current state of development, and how it is making its way into industry applications. Other sections deal with historical developments and the fundamentals of 18 methods, including coupled methods, such as Electrocoagulation, Peroxi-Coagulation and Electro-Fenton treatments. In addition, users will find discussions that relate to industries such as Pulp and Paper, Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, and Urban/Domestic wastewater, amongst others. Final sections present advantages, disadvantages and ways to combine renewable energy sources and electrochemical methods to design sustainable facilities. Environmental and Chemical Engineers will benefit from the extensive collection of methods and industry focused application cases, but researchers in environmental chemistry will also find interesting examples on how methods can be transitioned from lab environments to practical applications. - Offers an excellent overview of the research advances and current applications of electrochemical technologies for water treatment - Explains, in a comprehensive way, the fundamentals of different electrochemical uses and applications of different technologies - Provides a large number of examples as evidence of practical applications of electrochemistry to environmental protection - Explores the combination possibilities with other treatment technologies or emerging technologies for destroying water pollutants
Book Synopsis Water Treatment by : Walid Elshorbagy
Download or read book Water Treatment written by Walid Elshorbagy and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic development, population growth, and environmental pollution evolving in many parts of the world are placing great demands on existing resources of fresh water and reflecting a "water crisis". Resource management, efficient utilization of the water resources, and above all water purification are all alternatives to resolve the water crisis. Purification approaches include traditional approaches that have lasted for several centuries without major modifications as well as new innovative approaches. This book covers a number of water quality issues relevant to either improving the existing treatment methods or to new advanced approaches. The book has 15 chapters distributed over four sections titled: [1] Management and Modeling of Treatment Systems, [2] Advanced Treatment Processes, [3] Treatment of Organic-contaminated Water, and [4] Advanced Monitoring Techniques.
Book Synopsis Coagulation Pretreatment for Membrane Filtration by : Kerry J. Howe
Download or read book Coagulation Pretreatment for Membrane Filtration written by Kerry J. Howe and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research report evaluates the fouling and flux decline performance of membranes after the source water is pretreated with coagulation, and identifies the conditions under which coagulation can improve membrane performance as well as the mechanisms that cause natural waters to foul membranes. Conducted at the University of Illinois, the experiments involved collecting raw water from lakes and rivers, coagulating the water in the laboratory, characterizing the physical and chemical composition of the water before and after coagulation, measuring flux decline as the water was filtered through MF and UF membranes, and examining the fouled membranes with scanning electron microscopy. No index is provided. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Membrane filtration guidance manual by :
Download or read book Membrane filtration guidance manual written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Membrane Systems and Processes by : Angelo Basile
Download or read book Integrated Membrane Systems and Processes written by Angelo Basile and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the possibility of integrating different membrane unit operations (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and gas separation) in the same industrial cycle or in combination with conventional separation systems. It gives careful analysis of the technical aspects, and the possible fields of industrial development. The book reviews many original solutions in water desalination, agro-food productions and wastewater treatments, highlighting the advantages achievable in terms of product quality, compactness, rationalization and optimization of productive cycles, reduction of environmental impact and energy saving. Also included are examples of membrane reactors and their integration with a fuel cell; polymeric membranes in the integrated gasification combined cycle power plants; integrating a membrane reformer into a solar system; and potential application of membrane integrated systems in the fusion reactor fuel cycle. With detailed analysis and broad coverage, the book is divided into two sections: Bio-applications and Inorganic Applications.
Book Synopsis A Study of Fouling on Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membranes by Model Solutions and Natural Waters by : Leila Munla
Download or read book A Study of Fouling on Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membranes by Model Solutions and Natural Waters written by Leila Munla and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade polymeric membranes have emerged as an economically viable treatment option to produce drinking water. Due to higher capital costs, the use of ceramic membranes has generally been limited to industrial applications that deal with challenging water quality. Ceramic membranes are superior to polymeric membranes in their physical and chemical resistance, which allows for higher fluxes and backwash pressures as well as rigorous chemical cleaning. As a result, these membranes can potentially operate for longer periods of time, which can decrease the lifetime cost of the membrane. Furthermore, decreased production costs coupled with an increased desire for economical sustainability may open the door for the use of ceramic membranes in drinking water treatment, particularly for highly polluted waters. The loss of membrane permeability as a result of fouling remains one of the biggest challenges for sustainable membrane operation. Therefore, a thorough understanding of fouling behavior and the identification of key foulants is essential for optimizing membrane performance. However, fouling has not been researched in detail for ceramic membranes in drinking water treatment, particularly ultrafiltration, since most research has focused on ceramic microfiltration membranes combined with coagulation. The thesis is divided into four main stages. The first stage involved developing a factorial design to establish a procedure to determine sustainable flux that can adequately compare the fouling between a ceramic and polymeric membrane without compromising the functional potential or operating parameters of either membrane. In this stage, the significance of three different variables (interval length, increment increase, and a hydraulic backwash) in determining sustainable flux were statistically analyzed following a factorial design and consequently included or removed from the sustainable flux determination approach. The increment increase was not significant while the backwash was the most significant variable. The method established was used in later experiments to allow for a comparison of fouling behavior and performance between a polymeric and ceramic membrane. The second stage investigated the fouling behavior of flat-sheet ceramic membranes with model solutions at constant pressure to identify foulants of concern and likely fouling mechanisms for ceramic membranes as well as perform surface characterization techniques not possible with tubular membranes. In this stage the contributions of different model foulants (bovine serum albumin i.e. a protein, alginate i.e. a carbohydrate, humic acid, and colloidal silica) to reversible and irreversible fouling on a flat-sheet ceramic membrane at constant pressure were quantitatively evaluated. Both single foulant solutions and all possible combinations of mixtures of model foulants were investigated. The bovine serum albumin and humic acid were main contributors to hydraulically irreversible fouling and their removal mechanism is postulated to be largely through adsorption. Colloidal silica was the most influential factor governing fouling behavior and diminished the irreversible fouling effect of these organics, thus increasing hydraulic reversibility. Additionally, synergistic fouling effects were also observed. The third stage investigated the same model solutions with tubular ceramic membranes at constant flux to determine the fouling behavior under different conditions and quantitatively assess the effectiveness of different fouling mitigation techniques. The rate of fouling was very high for bovine serum albumin but extremely low for humic acid; however, they both showed high irreversible fouling. The results obtained were consistent with the previous stage using flat-sheet ceramic membranes; particularly regarding the significant role colloidal silica plays in fouling. The ability to compare these two very different configurations and operating parameters is largely due to the use of a hydraulic backwash in both configurations. Therefore, this highlights the importance of investigating fouling reversibility, especially in simplified experiments. The last stage investigated tubular ceramic fouling behavior and organic matter rejection with surface water at constant flux. Tubular ceramic membrane fouling behavior was investigated for river water. A very high initial organic carbon removal was observed at the initial stages of filtration and after each backwash cycle indicating a high affinity of organics to the membrane surface as well as partially reversible adsorption. Humic acid rejection decreased throughout the filtration cycle. On the contrary, biopolymer rejection remained constant indicating size exclusion as a primary removal mechanism. After several modifications to the design and setup, the sustainable flux method established in Stage 1 could not be applied to the ceramic membrane or to the polymeric membrane using highly turbid water; a few hypotheses were made as to why this occurred. It is likely that one or more variables that were not included in the sustainable flux method were influencing the fouling rate over time. Overall, the robustness of ceramic membranes opens the door for some creative fouling mitigation techniques to be used such as backwash pulses and chemical maintenance cleaning.
Book Synopsis The Use of Coagulation as a Pre-treatment to Ultra-filtration Membranes by : Marek Ratajczak
Download or read book The Use of Coagulation as a Pre-treatment to Ultra-filtration Membranes written by Marek Ratajczak and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wastewater Treatment in Steel Industries by : Mihir Kumar Purkait
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment in Steel Industries written by Mihir Kumar Purkait and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-05 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment of toxic wastewater generated from different unit operations of the steel industry is a matter of extensive research. The most important is the utilization of different treatment techniques, especially ozonation, electrocoagulation, precipitation, and various hybrid methods for the remediation of toxic pollutants. This book covers case studies of various treatment techniques utilized for the remediation of different steel industry unit operation wastewater. The book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in wastewater treatment and chemical engineering. Features: Focuses on case studies of steel industry-generated wastewater treatment Discusses different unit operations of the steel industry along with wastewater generation Provides insights for the remediation of toxic industrial wastewater by different advanced treatment techniques Considers the environmental impacts of the generated steel plant wastewater Includes focused knowledge and future insights on wastewater treatment
Book Synopsis Guidance Manual for Coagulant Changeover by : James DeWolfe
Download or read book Guidance Manual for Coagulant Changeover written by James DeWolfe and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2003 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is a source document for utilities that are considering a coagulant changeover. It is intended to provide an appreciation of what must be considered for a successful changeover based on the input of U.S. and Canadian utilities (Chapters 1 and 6). New regulatory requirements will likely have the broadest and most substantial impact on primary coagulant use (Chapter 3). The Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) and Stage 1 Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR) will make finished water requirements more stringent to address microbial removal and the impacts of disinfection. Enhanced Coagulation and/or other operational and treatment practices will be used to achieve these requirements. The science of coagulation (Chapter 4) requires a special focus to address the intricacies of coagulation chemistry. The manual provides a step-by-step methodology to conduct a coagulant changeover using a detailed protocol (Chapter 5) -- background, executive summary.
Download or read book EPA 815-R. written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Osmosis Engineering by : Nidal Hilal
Download or read book Osmosis Engineering written by Nidal Hilal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osmosis Engineering provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art surrounding osmosis-based research and industrial applications. The book covers the underpinning theories, technology developments and commercial applications. Sections discuss innovative and advanced membranes and modules for osmosis separation processes (e.g., reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, pressure retarded osmosis, osmotic membrane distillation), different application of these osmosis separation processes for energy and water separation, such as the treatment of radioactive waste, oily wastewater and heavy metal removal, draw solutions, pretreatment technologies, fouling effects, the use of renewable energy driven osmotic processes, computational, environmental and economic studies, and more. - Covers state-of-the-art osmotic engineering technologies and applications - Presents multidisciplinary topics in engineered osmosis, including both fundamental and applied EO concepts - Includes major challenges such as fouling mitigation, membrane development, pre-treatment and energy usage
