HVDC Power Transmission Systems

Download HVDC Power Transmission Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788122430936
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis HVDC Power Transmission Systems by : K. R. Padiyar

Download or read book HVDC Power Transmission Systems written by K. R. Padiyar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The application of HVDC technology has received new impetus with the evacuation of large quantum of power from remote hydro and thermal stations. In addition, the controllability of power flows in the power grid has added a new dimension to the use of HVDC links in the context of developing Smart Grids. The power transfer from off- shore wind generation is another new application. DC transmission at distribution level voltages (using VSC-HVDC) is also being considered for integration of distributed generation in the power grid. This edition is a complete revision of the first edition taking into account the developments that have taken place since the first edition was published. In particular, the emerging technology ofVSC-HVDC links is described in detail. Instead of adding new chapters to present the new developments, the new material is added at the appropriate places. For example, the analysis ofVSC is presented in chapters 2 and 3 along with the thyristor based Line Commutated Converters (LCC). Practically, in all chapters, there is discussion of VSC-HVDC. The book also presents other developments such as the application of hybrid active filters, capacitor commutated converters, double and triple tuned filters etc. Chapter 10 presents power flow analysis in AC-DC systems based on a novel approach. The modeling, simulation and study of interactions among AC-DC systems is covered in the last 2 chapters without missing any relevant topic. The appendices give details of thyristor and IGBT valves, transient simulation of converters and DC lines, synchronous generator modeling, SSR analysis, CIGRE Benchmark models and design of DC and AC voltage controls in VSC-HVDC links. Several examples and case studies are included to illustrate the concepts. The book is useful as text/reference to students, researchers and engineers from utilities/industries who wish to study and apply HVDC power transmission."--Page 4 of cover.

HVDC Power Transmission Systems

Download HVDC Power Transmission Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : New Academic Science Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781906574772
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (747 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis HVDC Power Transmission Systems by : K. R. Padiyar

Download or read book HVDC Power Transmission Systems written by K. R. Padiyar and published by New Academic Science Limited. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging technology of VSC-HVDC links is described in detail Presents new developments such as application of hybrid active filters, capacitor commuted converters, double and triple tuned filters etc. Several examples and case studies are included to illustrate concepts.

HVDC Power Transmission Systems

Download HVDC Power Transmission Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781781830482
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis HVDC Power Transmission Systems by : K. R. Padiyar

Download or read book HVDC Power Transmission Systems written by K. R. Padiyar and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

HVDC Transmission

Download HVDC Transmission PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470822953
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis HVDC Transmission by : Chan-Ki Kim

Download or read book HVDC Transmission written by Chan-Ki Kim and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HVDC is a critical solution to several major problems encountered when trying to maintain systemic links and quality in large-scale renewable energy environments. HDVC can resolve a number of issues, including voltage stability of AC power networks, reducing fault current, and optimal management of electric power, ensuring the technology will play an increasingly important role in the electric power industry. To address the pressing need for an up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of the subject, Kim, Sood, Jang, Lim and Lee have collaborated to produce this key text and reference. Combining classroom-tested materials from North America and Asia, HVDC Transmission compactly summarizes the latest research results, and includes the insights of experts from power systems, power electronics, and simulation backgrounds. The authors walk readers through basic theory and practical applications, while also providing the broader historical context and future development of HVDC technology. Presents case studies covering basic and advanced HVDC deployments headed by world-renowned experts Demonstrates how to design, analyze and maintain HVDC systems in the field Provides updates on new HVDC technologies, such as active power filters, PWM, VSC, and 800 KV systems Rounds out readers' understanding with chapters dedicated to the key areas of simulation and main circuit design Introduces wind power system interconnection with HVDC Arms readers with an understanding of future HVDC trends Balancing theoretical instruction with practical application, HVDC Transmission delivers comprehensive working knowledge to power utility engineers, power transmission researchers, and advanced undergraduates and postgraduates in power engineering programs. The book is also a useful reference to for engineers and students focused on closely related areas such as renewable energy and power system planning.

High Voltage Direct Current Transmission

Download High Voltage Direct Current Transmission PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119566614
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis High Voltage Direct Current Transmission by : Dragan Jovcic

Download or read book High Voltage Direct Current Transmission written by Dragan Jovcic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the latest developments in switchgear and DC/DC converters for DC grids, and includes substantially expanded material on MMC HVDC This newly updated edition covers all HVDC transmission technologies including Line Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC; Voltage Source Converter (VSC) HVDC, and the latest VSC HVDC based on Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), as well as the principles of building DC transmission grids. Featuring new material throughout, High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, 2nd Edition offers several new chapters/sections including one on the newest MMC converters. It also provides extended coverage of switchgear, DC grid protection and DC/DC converters following the latest developments on the market and in research projects. All three HVDC technologies are studied in a wide range of topics, including: the basic converter operating principles; calculation of losses; system modelling, including dynamic modelling; system control; HVDC protection, including AC and DC fault studies; and integration with AC systems and fundamental frequency analysis. The text includes: A chapter dedicated to hybrid and mechanical DC circuit breakers Half bridge and full bridge MMC: modelling, control, start-up and fault management A chapter dedicated to unbalanced operation and control of MMC HVDC The advancement of protection methods for DC grids Wideband and high-order modeling of DC cables Novel treatment of topics not found in similar books, including SimPowerSystems models and examples for all HVDC topologies hosted by the 1st edition companion site. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids, 2nd Edition serves as an ideal textbook for a graduate-level course or a professional development course.

Design, Control, and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems

Download Design, Control, and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118851528
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Design, Control, and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems by : Kamran Sharifabadi

Download or read book Design, Control, and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems written by Kamran Sharifabadi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design, Control and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems is a comprehensive guide to semiconductor technologies applicable for MMC design, component sizing control, modulation, and application of the MMC technology for HVDC transmission. Separated into three distinct parts, the first offers an overview of MMC technology, including information on converter component sizing, Control and Communication, Protection and Fault Management, and Generic Modelling and Simulation. The second covers the applications of MMC in offshore WPP, including planning, technical and economic requirements and optimization options, fault management, dynamic and transient stability. Finally, the third chapter explores the applications of MMC in HVDC transmission and Multi Terminal configurations, including Supergrids. Key features: Unique coverage of the offshore application and optimization of MMC-HVDC schemes for the export of offshore wind energy to the mainland. Comprehensive explanation of MMC application in HVDC and MTDC transmission technology. Detailed description of MMC components, control and modulation, different modeling approaches, converter dynamics under steady-state and fault contingencies including application and housing of MMC in HVDC schemes for onshore and offshore. Analysis of DC fault detection and protection technologies, system studies required for the integration of HVDC terminals to offshore wind power plants, and commissioning procedures for onshore and offshore HVDC terminals. A set of self-explanatory simulation models for HVDC test cases is available to download from the companion website. This book provides essential reading for graduate students and researchers, as well as field engineers and professionals who require an in-depth understanding of MMC technology.

Flexible Power Transmission

Download Flexible Power Transmission PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470511855
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (118 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Flexible Power Transmission by : Jos Arrillaga

Download or read book Flexible Power Transmission written by Jos Arrillaga and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of power semiconductors with greater ratings and improved characteristics has meant that the power industry has become more willing to develop new converter configurations. These new configurations take advantage of the higher controllability and switching frequencies of the new devices. The next few years will decide which of the proposed technologies will dominate future power transmission systems. Flexible Power Transmission is a comprehensive guide to the high voltage direct current (HVDC) options available, helping the reader to make informed decisions for designing future power transmission systems. The book includes: a full description of the principles and components in existing converter technology, as well as alternative proposals for self-commutating conversion; A review of the state of power semiconductors suited to HVDC transmission and present proposals for multi-level HVDC transmission. a detailed overview of the flexible HVDC methods for improving controllability and increasing power transfer capability in electrical power systems. up-to-date information on thyrisistor-based HVDC technology. coverage of new pulse width modulation (PWM) transmission technology and multi-level voltage source conversion (VSC) and current source conversion (CSC). An excellent reference for professional power engineers, Flexible Power Transmission is also a useful guide for power system researchers as well as lecturers and students in power systems and power electronics disciplines.

Modeling and Simulation of HVDC Transmission

Download Modeling and Simulation of HVDC Transmission PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Institution of Engineering and Technology
ISBN 13 : 1785613804
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (856 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modeling and Simulation of HVDC Transmission by : Minxiao Han

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of HVDC Transmission written by Minxiao Han and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-12-31 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of large-scale renewable generation and load electrification call for highly efficient and flexible electric power integration, transmission and interconnection. High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission technology has been recognized as the key technology for this scenario. HVDC transmissions, including both the line commutated converter (LCC) HVDC and voltage source converter (VSC) HVDC have played an important role in the modern electric power system. However, with the inclusion of power electronic devices, HVDC introduces the characteristics of nonlinearity and different timescales into the traditional electromechanical system and thus careful modeling and simulation of HVDC transmission are essential for power system design, commissioning, operation and maintenance.

High Voltage Direct Current Transmission

Download High Voltage Direct Current Transmission PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IET
ISBN 13 : 9780852969410
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (694 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis High Voltage Direct Current Transmission by : J. Arrillaga

Download or read book High Voltage Direct Current Transmission written by J. Arrillaga and published by IET. This book was released on 1998-06-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a variety of reasons justifying the use of DC transmission as well as the basic concepts and techniques involved in the AC-DC and DC-AC conversion processes.

Advanced Solutions in Power Systems

Download Advanced Solutions in Power Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119175356
Total Pages : 1072 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Solutions in Power Systems by : Mircea Eremia

Download or read book Advanced Solutions in Power Systems written by Mircea Eremia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides insight on both classical means and new trends in the application of power electronic and artificial intelligence techniques in power system operation and control This book presents advanced solutions for power system controllability improvement, transmission capability enhancement and operation planning. The book is organized into three parts. The first part describes the CSC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC technologies, the second part presents the FACTS devices, and the third part refers to the artificial intelligence techniques. All technologies and tools approached in this book are essential for power system development to comply with the smart grid requirements. Discusses detailed operating principles and diagrams, theory of modeling, control strategies and physical installations around the world of HVDC and FACTS systems Covers a wide range of Artificial Intelligence techniques that are successfully applied for many power system problems, from planning and monitoring to operation and control Each chapter is carefully edited, with drawings and illustrations that helps the reader to easily understand the principles of operation or application Advanced Solutions in Power Systems: HVDC, FACTS, and Artificial Intelligence is written for graduate students, researchers in transmission and distribution networks, and power system operation. This book also serves as a reference for professional software developers and practicing engineers.

HVDC Power Transmission Systems

Download HVDC Power Transmission Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : New Age International
ISBN 13 : 9788122401028
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis HVDC Power Transmission Systems by : K. R. Padiyar

Download or read book HVDC Power Transmission Systems written by K. R. Padiyar and published by New Age International. This book was released on 1990 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hvdc Transmission Technology Is Fast Advancing And Its Applications Are Rapidly Expanding. This Book Presents The Various Aspects Of Hvdc Technology In Sufficient Depth To A Beginner. In Addition, It Also Includes The Analysis And Simulation Of Ac-Dc System Interactions Which Are Of Importance In The Planning, Design And Operation Of Hvdc Systems. The Book Gives Up-To-Date Information And Integrates Material That Has Been Scattered In Several Journals.The Book Is Divided Into Two Parts. The First Part Has 9 Chapters And Covers The Techniques And Components Of Hvdc Systems In Detail. The Emphasis Is On The Unique Components Of Hvdc Systems, Such As Thyristor Valves, Converters, Control, Protection And Harmonic Filters. One Chapter Each Is Devoted To Each Of These Items. Reactive Power Control And Multiterminal Dc System Operation Are Also Included As Two Separate Chapters. Static Var Systems Used For Reactive Power Control In Converter Stations Are Also Discussed.The Second Part Of The Book Deals With The Modelling, Analysis And Simulation Of Ac/Dc Systems. Seven Chapters Are Included In This Part Which Cover Component Models, Power Flow, Transient Stability, Dynamic Stability And Power Modulation, Harmonic And Torsional Interactions, Simulation Of Converters And Hvdc Systems. The Coverage Is Fairly Detailed And Includes Some New Information Not Published Before.The Book Should Be Of Interest To Graduate Students, Researchers And Engineers From Utilities/Industries Who Are Involved With Hvdc Power Transmission.

HVDC and FACTS Controllers

Download HVDC and FACTS Controllers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402078919
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis HVDC and FACTS Controllers by : Vijay K. Sood

Download or read book HVDC and FACTS Controllers written by Vijay K. Sood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications of Static Converters in Power Systems focuses on the technical advances and developments that have taken place in the past ten years or so in the fields of High Voltage DC transmission and Flexible AC transmission systems. These advances (in HVDC transmission and FACTS) have added a new dimension to power transmission capabilities. The book covers a wide variety of topics, some of which are listed below: -Current Source and Voltage Source Converters, -Synchronization Techniques for Power Converters, -Capacitor Commutated Converters, -Active Filters, -Typical Disturbances on HVDC Systems, -Simulation Techniques, -Static Var Compensators based on Chain Link Converters, -Advanced Controllers, -Trends in Modern HVDC. In addition to EHV transmission, HVDC technology has impacted on a number of other areas as well. As an example, a chapter dealing with HVDC Light applications is included providing recent information on both on-shore and off-shore applications of wind farms.

Electricity Transmission, Distribution and Storage Systems

Download Electricity Transmission, Distribution and Storage Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857097377
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electricity Transmission, Distribution and Storage Systems by : Ziad Melhem

Download or read book Electricity Transmission, Distribution and Storage Systems written by Ziad Melhem and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity transmission and distribution systems carry electricity from suppliers to demand sites. During transmission materials ageing and performance issues can lead to losses amounting to about 10% of the total generated electricity. Advanced grid technologies are therefore in development to sustain higher network efficiency, while also maintaining power quality and security.Electricity transmission, distribution and storage systems presents a comprehensive review of the materials, architecture and performance of electricity transmission and distribution networks, and the application and integration of electricity storage systems.The first part of the book reviews the fundamental issues facing electricity networks, with chapters discussing Transmission and Distribution (T&D) infrastructure, reliability and engineering, regulation and planning, the protection of T&D networks and the integration of distributed energy resources to the grid. Chapters in part two review the development of transmission and distribution system, with advanced concepts such as FACTS and HVDC, as well as advanced materials such as superconducting material and network components. This coverage is extended in the final section with chapters reviewing materials and applications of electricity storage systems for use in networks, for renewable and distributed generation plant, and in buildings and vehicles, such as batteries and other advanced electricity storage devices.With its distinguished editor, Electricity transmission, distribution and storage systems is an essential reference for materials and electrical engineers, energy consultants, T&D systems designers and technology manufacturers involved in advanced transmission and distribution. - Presents a comprehensive review of the materials, architecture and performance of electricity transmission and distribution networks - Examines the application and integration of electricity storage systems - Reviews the fundamental issues facing electricity networks and examines the development of transmission and distribution systems

Electrical Design of Overhead Power Transmission Lines

Download Electrical Design of Overhead Power Transmission Lines PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071771921
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electrical Design of Overhead Power Transmission Lines by : Masoud Farzaneh

Download or read book Electrical Design of Overhead Power Transmission Lines written by Masoud Farzaneh and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2012-09-03 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete coverage of power line design and implementation "This text provides the essential fundamentals of transmission line design. It is a good blend of fundamental theory with practical design guidelines for overhead transmission lines, providing the basic groundwork for students as well as practicing power engineers, with material generally not found in one convenient book." IEEE Electrical Insultation Magazine Electrical Design of Overhead Power Transmission Lines discusses everything electrical engineering students and practicing engineers need to know to effectively design overhead power lines. Cowritten by experts in power engineering, this detailed guide addresses component selection and design, current IEEE standards, load-flow analysis, power system stability, statistical risk management of weather-related overhead line failures, insulation, thermal rating, and other essential topics. Clear learning objectives and worked examples that apply theoretical results to real-world problems are included in this practical resource. Electrical Design of Overhead Power Transmission Lines covers: AC circuits and sequence circuits of power networks Matrix methods in AC power system analysis Overhead transmission line parameters Modeling of transmission lines AC power-flow analysis using iterative methods Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults Control of voltage and power flow Stability in AC networks High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission Corona and electric field effects of transmission lines Lightning performance of transmission lines Coordination of transmission line insulation Ampacity of overhead line conductors

Ultra-High Voltage AC/DC Grids

Download Ultra-High Voltage AC/DC Grids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128023600
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ultra-High Voltage AC/DC Grids by : Zhenya Liu

Download or read book Ultra-High Voltage AC/DC Grids written by Zhenya Liu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-11 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UHV transmission has many advantages for new power networks due to its capacity, long distance potential, high efficiency, and low loss. Development of UHV transmission technology is led by infrastructure development and renewal, as well as smart grid developments, which can use UHV power networks as the transmission backbone for hydropower, coal, nuclear power and large renewable energy bases. Over the years, State Grid Corporation of China has developed a leading position in UHV core technology R&D, equipment development, plus construction experience, standards development and operational management. SGCC built the most advanced technology 'two AC and two DC' UHV projects with the highest voltage-class and largest transmission capacity in the world, with a cumulative power transmission of 10TWh. This book comprehensively summarizes the research achievement, theoretical innovation and engineering practice in UHV power grid construction in China since 2005. It covers the key technology and parameters used in the design of the UHV transmission network, shows readers the technical problems State Grid encountered during the construction, and the solution they come up with. It also introduces key technology like UHV series compensation, DC converter valve, and the systematic standards and norms. - Discusses technical characteristics and advantages of using of AC/DC transmission system - Includes applications and technical standards of UHV technologies - Provides insight and case studies into a technology area that is developing worldwide - Introduces the technical difficulties encountered in design and construction phase and provides solutions

Hvdc Transmission

Download Hvdc Transmission PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Tata McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN 13 : 9780071072533
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (725 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hvdc Transmission by : Kamakshaiah

Download or read book Hvdc Transmission written by Kamakshaiah and published by Tata McGraw-Hill Education. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

HVDC/FACTS for Grid Services in Electric Power Systems

Download HVDC/FACTS for Grid Services in Electric Power Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039283766
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis HVDC/FACTS for Grid Services in Electric Power Systems by : José M. Maza-Ortega

Download or read book HVDC/FACTS for Grid Services in Electric Power Systems written by José M. Maza-Ortega and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric power systems are headed for a true changing of the guard, due to the urgent need for achieving sustainable energy delivery. Fortunately, the development of new technologies is driving the transition of power systems toward a carbon-free paradigm while maintaining the current standards of quality, efficiency, and resilience. The introduction of HVDC and FACTS in the 20th century, taking advantage of dramatic improvements in power electronics and control, gave rise to unprecedented levels of flexibility and speed of response in comparison with traditional electromechanical devices. This flexibility is nowadays required more than ever in order to solve a puzzle with pieces that do not always fit perfectly. This Special Issue aims to address the role that FACTS and HVDC systems can play in helping electric power systems face the challenges of the near future.