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Humanitarian Mine Detection By Acoustic Resonance
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Book Synopsis Humanitarian Mine Detection by Acoustic Resonance by :
Download or read book Humanitarian Mine Detection by Acoustic Resonance written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The JASON Committee at MITRE Corp. was tasked by DARPA to inquire into suitable technologies for humanitarian mine detection. Acoustic resonance was one of the very few technologies that the JASONs determined might be promising for the task, but was as yet unexplored at the time that they conducted their inquiry. The objective of this Seed Money investigation into acoustic resonance was to determine if it would be feasible to use acoustic resonance to provide an improvement to present methods for humanitarian mine detection. As detailed in this report, acoustic resonance methods do not appear to be feasible for this task. Although acoustic resonant responses are relatively easy to detect when they exist, they are very difficult to excite by the non-contact means that must be used for buried objects. Despite many different attempts, this research did not discover any practical means of using sound to excite resonant responses in objects known to have strong resonances. The shaker table experiments did see an effect that might be attributable to the resonance of the object under test, but the effect was weak, and exploited the a priori knowledge of the resonant frequency of the object under test to distinguish it from the background. If experiments that used objects known to have strong acoustic resonances produced such marginal results, this does not seem to be a practical method to detect objects with weak resonances or non-existent resonances. The results of this work contribute to the ORNL countermine initiative. ORNL is exploring several unconventional mine detection technologies, and is proposed to explore others. Since this research has discovered some major pitfalls in non-metallic mine detection, this experience will add realism to other strategies proposed for mine detection technologies. The experiment provided hands-on experience with inert plastic mines under field conditions, and gives ORNL additional insight into the problems of developing practical field-deployable methods of mine detection.
Book Synopsis Acoustic Resonance for Nonmetallic Mine Detection by :
Download or read book Acoustic Resonance for Nonmetallic Mine Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of acoustic resonance for detection of plastic mines was investigated by researchers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Instrumentation and Controls Division under an internally funded program. The data reported in this paper suggest that acoustic resonance is not a practical method for mine detection. Representative small plastic anti-personnel mines were tested, and were found to not exhibit detectable acoustic resonances. Also, non-metal objects known to have strong acoustic resonances were tested with a variety of excitation techniques, and no practical non-contact method of exciting a consistently detectable resonance in a buried object was discovered. Some of the experimental data developed in this work may be useful to other researchers seeking a method to detect buried plastic mines. A number of excitation methods and their pitfalls are discussed. Excitation methods that were investigated include swept acoustic, chopped acoustic, wavelet acoustic, and mechanical shaking. Under very contrived conditions, a weak response that could be attributed to acoustic resonance was observed, but it does not appear to be practical as a mine detection feature. Transfer properties of soil were investigated. Impulse responses of several representative plastic mines were investigated. Acoustic leakage coupling, and its implications as a disruptive mechanism were investigated.
Book Synopsis Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining by : Katsuhisa Furuta
Download or read book Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining written by Katsuhisa Furuta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-24 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining reports on state-of-the-art technologies developed during a Japanese National Research Project (2002–2007). The conventional method of landmine detection is using metal detectors to sense the metal in mines, but often other metal fragments in minefields camouflage landmines and hinder progress using this form of demining. The challenge is to develop detection systems that can discriminate between AP landmines and random metal fragments. The JST adopted research proposals and the results are reported here. This book concentrates on aspects of three approaches to AP mine detection: enhancing and confirming the results of metal-detection scans using GPR; using robot vehicles and manipulators to operate within minefields remotely; and methods of sensing the explosives within mines. Results are presented in the fields of GPR, nuclear quadrupole resonance, neutron thermal analysis and biosensors. The integration of these methods for workable robot operation is demonstrated. The project was carried out in conjunction with mine action centers in Croatia, Cambodia and Afghanistan. Evaluation data from field trials are also given.
Book Synopsis Resonance and Nonlinear Seismo-Acoustic Land Mine Detection by : Dimitri M. Donskoy
Download or read book Resonance and Nonlinear Seismo-Acoustic Land Mine Detection written by Dimitri M. Donskoy and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Landmine Detection by : Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
Download or read book Alternatives for Landmine Detection written by Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the rate that government and nongovernmental organizations are clearing existing landmines, it will take 450-500 years to rid the world of them. Concerned about the slow pace of demining, the Office of Science and Technology asked RAND to assess potential innovative technologies being explored and to project what funding would be required to foster the development of the more promising ones. The authors of this report suggest that the federal government undertake a research and development effort to develop a multisensor mine detection system over the next five to eight years.
Book Synopsis Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining by : Katsuhisa Furuta
Download or read book Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining written by Katsuhisa Furuta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining reports on state-of-the-art technologies developed during a Japanese National Research Project (2002–2007). The conventional method of landmine detection is using metal detectors to sense the metal in mines, but often other metal fragments in minefields camouflage landmines and hinder progress using this form of demining. The challenge is to develop detection systems that can discriminate between AP landmines and random metal fragments. The JST adopted research proposals and the results are reported here. This book concentrates on aspects of three approaches to AP mine detection: enhancing and confirming the results of metal-detection scans using GPR; using robot vehicles and manipulators to operate within minefields remotely; and methods of sensing the explosives within mines. Results are presented in the fields of GPR, nuclear quadrupole resonance, neutron thermal analysis and biosensors. The integration of these methods for workable robot operation is demonstrated. The project was carried out in conjunction with mine action centers in Croatia, Cambodia and Afghanistan. Evaluation data from field trials are also given.
Book Synopsis Novel Methods for Detecting Buried Explosive Devices by :
Download or read book Novel Methods for Detecting Buried Explosive Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Quantum Magnetics, Inc. (QM) are exploring novel landmine detection technologies. Technologies considered here include bioreporter bacteria, swept acoustic resonance, nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), and semiotic data fusion. Bioreporter bacteria look promising for third-world humanitarian applications; they are inexpensive, and deployment does not require high-tech methods. Swept acoustic resonance may be a useful adjunct to magnetometers in humanitarian demining. For military demining, NQR is a promising method for detecting explosive substances; of 50,000 substances that have been tested, none has an NQR signature that can be mistaken for RDX or TNT. For both military and commercial demining, sensor fusion entails two daunting tasks, identifying fusible features in both present-day and emerging technologies, and devising a fusion algorithm that runs in real-time on cheap hardware. Preliminary research in these areas is encouraging. A bioreporter bacterium for TNT detection is under development. Investigation has just started in swept acoustic resonance as an approach to a cheap mine detector for humanitarian use. Real-time wavelet processing appears to be a key to extending NQR bomb detection into mine detection, including TNT-based mines. Recent discoveries in semiotics may be the breakthrough that will lead to a robust fused detection scheme.
Download or read book Beheers de groei written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Land Mine Detection by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Land Mine Detection written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :2032 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1999 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1999 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 2032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1262 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (18 download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1998: Department of Energy by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1998: Department of Energy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Acoustic Techniques for Land Mine Detection by :
Download or read book Nonlinear Acoustic Techniques for Land Mine Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When airborne sound couples into the ground seismic waves can interact with a target buried in the soil and effect the vibration velocity of the surface. Acoustic-to-seismic coupling (using linear acoustic techniques) has proven to be an extremely accurate technology for locating buried land mines [J.M. Sabatier and N. Xiang, IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing 39, 1146-1154 (2001)] . Donskoy [SPIE Proceedings 3392, 211-217 (1998); 3710, 239-246 (1999)] has suggested a nonlinear technique that can detect an acoustically compliant buried mine that is insensitive to relatively noncompliant targets. (Utilizing both techniques could eliminate certain types of false alarms.) Airborne sound at two primary frequencies f1 and f2 undergo acoustic-to-seismic coupling and a superimposed seismic wave interacts with the compliant mine and soil to generate a difference frequency component that can effect the vibration velocity at the surface. Geophone measurements scanning the soil's surface at the difference frequency (chosen at a resonance) profile the mine with more relative sensitivity than the linear profiles - but off the mine some nonlinearity exists. Amplitude dependent frequency response curves for a harmonically driven mass-soil oscillator are used to find the nonlinearity of the soil acting as a "soft" spring. Donskoy's nonlinear mechanism (over the mine) involves a simple model of the top surface of the mine-soil planar surface separating two elastic surfaces. During the compression phase of the wave, the surfaces stay together and then separate under the tensile phase due to a relatively high compliance of the mine. This "bouncing" soil-mine interface is thought to be a bi-modular oscillator that is inherently nonlinear.
Book Synopsis Detection of Explosives and Landmines by : Hiltmar Schubert
Download or read book Detection of Explosives and Landmines written by Hiltmar Schubert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ARW is the third NATO-sponsored workshop on Explosives Detection and Humanitarian Demining. The previous events were • Detection and Destruction of Anti-Personnel Landmines Moscow, 1997 • Explosives Detection and Decontamination of the Environment Prague, 1997. Over the last decade applied research in Humanitarian Demining has made progress to some extend, but according to the tremendous tasks of Demining and the lack of scientific methods for practical detection of explosive devices, research activities are still of the same importance than ever before. Concerning countermeasures against terrorism the detection of explosives is one of the keyfactors, but the practical applications are not sufficient solved. An international exchange of research results are therefore urgent, to find out the most promising measures for application. The coincidence of this ARW and the terrible disaster of New York and Washington may demonstrate the importance of this task. In consequence the explosive device detection technologies can make a major contribution to collective, family and individual security. In developed countries, these technologies provide a strong deterrent and preventative measure against terrorist threats. In less developed regions, they can improve individual, institutional and state security, lessening the insecurity that motivates many terrorists acts. The elimination of landmine threats is just one of many ways of achieving this. However our attempts to meet the extremely difficult technical challenges posed by landmine and UXO contamination are inevitably leading us to new technological approaches.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1890 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (18 download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1999: Secretary of Energy, Departmental administration by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1999: Secretary of Energy, Departmental administration written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1278 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1998 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 1998 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Acoustic Landmine Detection by : Sean Andrew Genis
Download or read book Nonlinear Acoustic Landmine Detection written by Sean Andrew Genis and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustic-to-seismic (A/S) coupling involving airborne sound is used to generate soil vibrations that interact with the top plate of a buried landmine. Due to scattering, the interaction at the soil-mine interface produces an enhanced and strongly nonlinear soil surface vibration directly over the buried landmine. Resonant tuning curves of the soil-mine system show that the nonlinear behavior observed near resonance for "on the mine" locations is considerably stronger that that seen "off the mine." This suggests that some false alarms due to the resonant effects of the ground's natural layering may be eliminated by comparing the frequency softening in resonant tuning curves between "off" and "on target" locations. Experiments with the soil-mass oscillator (SMO) apparatus show that the nonlinear acoustic landmine detection problem involves mesoscopic nanoscale nonlinear elastic behavior. Resonant tuning curves have linear backbones, a behavior also characteristic of certain geomaterials (sandstone). Elasto-slip (Iwan 1966) and LISA (Scalerandi et al 2002) models of hysteresis are used to explain this phenomenon. The soil-mine interface, which is modeled using a soil-plate oscillator (SPO) apparatus, is extremely nonlinear. The SPO is excited using both acoustic and electromagnetic means. A/S coupling experiments are employed to simultaneously measure vibrations at the underside of a buried clamped plate and the soil surface. Electrodynamic experiments determine the motional impedance of a combined soil-plate system. At large drive amplitudes, the backbone curves obtained from the SPO exhibit more complicated behavior, which is described using a bilinear hysteresis model (Caughey 1966). Nonlinear acoustic landmine detection experiments are performed in the anechoic chamber facility using both a buried acrylic drum-like mine simulant and a VS 1.6 plastic anti-tank landmine. Using an automated laser Doppler vibrometer, soil surface vibraions are profiled as a function of scan position. Elements of both the elasto-slip and bilinear hysteresis models appear in these experiments.
Book Synopsis Modelling, Simulation and Data Analysis in Acoustical Problems by : Claudio Guarnaccia
Download or read book Modelling, Simulation and Data Analysis in Acoustical Problems written by Claudio Guarnaccia and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modelling and simulation in acoustics is currently gaining importance. In fact, with the development and improvement of innovative computational techniques and with the growing need for predictive models, an impressive boost has been observed in several research and application areas, such as noise control, indoor acoustics, and industrial applications. This led us to the proposal of a special issue about “Modelling, Simulation and Data Analysis in Acoustical Problems”, as we believe in the importance of these topics in modern acoustics’ studies. In total, 81 papers were submitted and 33 of them were published, with an acceptance rate of 37.5%. According to the number of papers submitted, it can be affirmed that this is a trending topic in the scientific and academic community and this special issue will try to provide a future reference for the research that will be developed in coming years.
