Human Toxicology Of Chemical Mixtures

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Human Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures

Author : Harold Zeliger
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 9781437734645
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures by : Harold Zeliger

Download or read book Human Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures written by Harold Zeliger and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this important reference work, Zeliger catalogs the known effects of chemical mixtures on the human body and also proposes a framework for understanding and predicting their actions in terms of lipophile (fat soluble) / hydrophile (water soluble) interactions. The author’s focus is on illnesses that ensue following exposures to mixtures of chemicals that cannot be attributed to any one component of the mixture. In the first part the mechanisms of chemical absorption at a molecular and macromolecular level are explained, as well as the body’s methods of defending itself against xenobiotic intrusion. Part II examines the sources of the chemicals discusssed, looking at air and water pollution, food additives, pharmaceuticals, etc. Part III, which includes numerous case studies, examines specific effects of particular mixtures on particular body systems and organs and presents a theoretical framework for predicting what the effects of uncharacterized mixtures might be. Part IV covers regulatory requirements and the need to adjust recommended exposure levels for products containing mixtures. It also contains recommendations on how to limit exposure to mixtures in the products we use and on how to limit release of mixtures into the environment. Providing brief summaries of each mixture and its effects, Zeliger provides a comprehensive reference, a jumping off point for professionals (with extensive chapter bibliographies) and an introduction to the topic for those studying traditional toxicology. Addressing many inadequately understood illnesses and conditions such as asthma, infertility and cancer, it will also be of interest to health professionals, environmental scientists and lawyers. Presents a theoretical framework for predicting the effects of chemical mixtures for which no specific data exists (this predictive aspect is important due to the vast number of different potential chemical combinations - far too many to comprehensively catalog) A quick and convenient source of hard to come by data on the rapidly developing field of chemical mixtures, for groups including chemists and engineers, toxicologists, health professionals and environmental scientists New and updated material comprises over 30% of this timely new edition, which includes the latest research data alongside an expanded introduction to the science and art of predicting the toxicological properties of chemical mixtures

Mixture Toxicity

Author : Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781439830093
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Mixture Toxicity by : Cornelis A. M. van Gestel

Download or read book Mixture Toxicity written by Cornelis A. M. van Gestel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology and classic human toxicology, Mixture Toxicity: Linking Approaches from Ecological and Human Toxicology incorporates extensive reviews of exposure to toxicants, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, toxicity of mixtures, and risk assessment. The book examines developments in both fields, compares and contrasts their current state of the art, and identifies where one field can learn from the other. Each chapter provides an essential overview of the state of the art in both human and ecotoxicological mixture risk assessment, focusing on the work published in the last fifteen years. The coverage progresses from exposure to risk assessment, at each step identifying the special complications typically raised by mixtures. Based on in-depth discussions among specialists representing different disciplines and approaches, the chapters each address: Exposure — how to quantify the amounts of chemicals that may enter the living organism Kinetics, dynamics, and metabolism — how the chemicals enter an organism, travel within the organism, how they are metabolized and reach the target site, and explain development of toxicity with time Toxicity — what are the chemicals’ detrimental effects on the organism Test design and complex mixture characterization — how chemicals interact, how to measure effects of mixtures, and how to identify responsible chemicals Risk assessment — how to assess for risks in humans and the environment An unusual combination of different points of view on exposure to and risk assessment of chemical mixtures, this book summarizes current knowledge on combined effects of toxicant mixtures, information that is generally only available in a very fragmented form as individual journal papers. It identifies possible crosslinks and includes recommendations for mutual developments that can improve the state of knowledge on mixture toxicity and ultimately lead to better and more integrated risk assessment.

Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors

Author : Cynthia V. Rider
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319562347
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors by : Cynthia V. Rider

Download or read book Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors written by Cynthia V. Rider and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, both basic and advanced concepts are discussed for considering mixtures from initial exposure characterization through evaluation of risk associated with combined exposures. This book will provide an introduction to key issues and multiple options for evaluating both the toxicity of mixtures as well as the risk associated with exposure to mixtures. Additionally, promising tools adapted from other disciplines will be discussed in the context of mixtures toxicology and risk assessment. Finally, the discussion will move beyond chemical mixtures to address incorporating non-chemical stressors into toxicity studies and cumulative risk assessments. Although exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors is the rule, not the exception, consideration of mixtures in toxicology and risk assessment continues to be a significant challenge. This book will be an essential resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of toxicology, epidemiology, exposure science, risk assessment, and statistics.

Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures

Author : Raymond S.H. Yang
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483289400
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures by : Raymond S.H. Yang

Download or read book Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures written by Raymond S.H. Yang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-05-14 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although toxicologic studies in the laboratory often focus on a single chemical, in the larger world, mixtures of chemicals are routinely encountered. Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures examines the mechanisms of interactions and health effects stemming from chemical mixtures in the environment. Toxicologists, pharmacologists, environmental scientists, and professionals involved in environmental clean-ups will benefit from its content. Emphasis is on low-level, long-term exposure. Key Features * Some of the issues addressed include: * Target organ toxicities in response to chemical mixture exposures * Risk assessment and experimental approaches * Case studies and special pollution problems * Special pollution problems

Mixture Toxicity

Author : Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781439830086
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Mixture Toxicity by : Cornelis A. M. van Gestel

Download or read book Mixture Toxicity written by Cornelis A. M. van Gestel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology and classic human toxicology, Mixture Toxicity: Linking Approaches from Ecological and Human Toxicology incorporates extensive reviews of exposure to toxicants, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, toxicity of mixtures, and risk assessment. The book examines developments in both fields, compares and contrasts their current state of the art, and identifies where one field can learn from the other. Each chapter provides an essential overview of the state of the art in both human and ecotoxicological mixture risk assessment, focusing on the work published in the last fifteen years. The coverage progresses from exposure to risk assessment, at each step identifying the special complications typically raised by mixtures. Based on in-depth discussions among specialists representing different disciplines and approaches, the chapters each address: Exposure — how to quantify the amounts of chemicals that may enter the living organism Kinetics, dynamics, and metabolism — how the chemicals enter an organism, travel within the organism, how they are metabolized and reach the target site, and explain development of toxicity with time Toxicity — what are the chemicals’ detrimental effects on the organism Test design and complex mixture characterization — how chemicals interact, how to measure effects of mixtures, and how to identify responsible chemicals Risk assessment — how to assess for risks in humans and the environment An unusual combination of different points of view on exposure to and risk assessment of chemical mixtures, this book summarizes current knowledge on combined effects of toxicant mixtures, information that is generally only available in a very fragmented form as individual journal papers. It identifies possible crosslinks and includes recommendations for mutual developments that can improve the state of knowledge on mixture toxicity and ultimately lead to better and more integrated risk assessment.

Principles and Practice of Mixtures Toxicology

Author : Moiz Mumtaz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527632115
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Mixtures Toxicology by : Moiz Mumtaz

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Mixtures Toxicology written by Moiz Mumtaz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-23 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive treatment of the subject for more than a decade includes the latest research on nanoparticle toxicology. The practical handbook addresses all areas where toxic mixtures are encountered, from environmental via occupational to medical settings, giving special consideration to air and water, and to the specific requirements for study design in mixture toxicology. While no extensive prior knowledge or toxicological experience is required, the practice-oriented case studies and examples in the second part make this the ideal companion for the professional toxicologist in industry or healthcare institutions with little time for academic study.

Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309102834
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene by : National Research Council

Download or read book Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trichloroethylene is a chlorinated solvent widely used as a degreasing agent in industrial and manufacturing settings. It is also used as a chemical intermediate in making other chemicals and is a component of products such as typewriter correction fluid, paint removers, adhesives, and spot removers. In 2001, EPA issued a draft health risk assessment and proposed exposure standards for trichloroethylene. PA's Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed the draft and it was issued for public comment. A number of scientific issues were raised during the course of these reviews. Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene identifies and assesses the key scientific issues relevant to analyzing the human health risks of trichloroethylene, considering pertinent toxicologic, epidemiologic, population susceptibility, and other available information, including relevant published scientific literature, EPA's 2001 draft health risk assessment of trichloroethylene, scientific and technical comments received by EPA from public and private sources, and additional relevant information to be provided by the sponsoring agencies. This report highlights issues critical to the development of an objective, realistic, and scientifically balanced trichloroethylene health risk assessment. Guidance for hazard characterization of trichloroethylene is presented in Chapters 2 through 10. Chapter 2 provides guidance for evaluating large sets of epidemiologic data. In Chapter 3, the committee applies this guidance as an example in its evaluation of the epidemiologic data on trichloroethylene and kidney cancer, and this example should help guide evaluations of other cancer risks. Chapter 3 also assesses new information on the kidney toxicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites and potential modes of action. Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 evaluate the key issues regarding liver toxicity and cancer, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, respiratory tract toxicity and cancer, and immunotoxicity, respectively. However, the committee's review focused on mode-of-action information to understand how trichloroethylene might affect certain processes differently in different species. Chapter 9 discusses susceptibility to trichloroethylene and its metabolites, and Chapter 10 describes important factors in considering trichloroethylene in mixtures. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are evaluated in Chapter 11, and guidance is provided on future directions for model development. Finally, Chapter 12 considers issues related to dose-response assessment and quantitative assessment of risk.

Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309178894
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.

Green Toxicology

Author : Alexandra Maertens
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839164409
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Toxicology by : Alexandra Maertens

Download or read book Green Toxicology written by Alexandra Maertens and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green toxicology is an integral part of green chemistry. One of the key goals of green chemistry is to design less toxic chemicals. Therefore, an understanding of toxicology and hazard assessment is important for any chemist working in green chemistry, but toxicology is rarely part of most chemists' education. As a consequence, chemists lack the toxicological lens necessary to view chemicals in order to design safer substitutions. This book seeks to fill that gap and demonstrate how a basic understanding of toxicology, as well as the tools of in silico and in vitro toxicology, can be an integral part of green chemistry. R&D chemists, product stewards, and toxicologists who work in the field of sustainability, can all benefit from integrating green toxicology principles into their work. Topics include in silico tools for hazard assessment, toxicity testing, and lifecycle considerations, this book aims to act as a bridge between green toxicologists and green chemists.

Science and Decisions

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309120462
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Decisions by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

EPA 630/R

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis EPA 630/R by :

Download or read book EPA 630/R written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals

Author : Elsa Nielsen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420006940
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals by : Elsa Nielsen

Download or read book Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals written by Elsa Nielsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike many existing books on toxicology that cover either toxicity of a particular substance or toxicity of chemicals on particular organ systems, Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide lays out the principle activities of conducting a toxicological risk assessment, including international approaches and methods for the risk

Quantitative Modeling in Toxicology

Author : Kannan Krishnan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470686707
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Modeling in Toxicology by : Kannan Krishnan

Download or read book Quantitative Modeling in Toxicology written by Kannan Krishnan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments around the world are passing laws requiring industry to assess the toxicity of the chemicals and products they produce, but to do so while reducing, refining, or even replacing testing on animals. To meet these requirements, experimental toxicologists and risk assessors are adopting quantitative approaches and computer simulations to study the biological fate and effects of chemicals and drugs. In Quantitative Modeling in Toxicology leading experts outline the current state of knowledge on the modeling of dose, tissue interactions and tissue responses. Each chapter describes the mathematical foundation, parameter estimation, challenges and perspectives for development, along with the presentation of a modeling template. Additionally, tools and approaches for conducting uncertainty, sensitivity and variability analyses in these models are described. Topics covered include: the quantitative models of pharmacokinetics of individual chemicals and mixtures models for toxicant-target tissue interaction. models for cellular, organ, and organism responses. approaches, tools and challenges for model application and evaluation A website containing computer codes accompanies the book to help the reader reconstruct the models described and discussed in the various chapters. Quantitative Modeling in Toxicology serves as an essential reference source and tool box for risk assessors and researchers and students in toxicology, public health, pharmacology, and human toxicology interested in developing quantitative models for a better understanding of dose-response relationships.

Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309136997
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune by : National Research Council

Download or read book Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.

Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures

Author : Michael D. Waters
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468458507
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures by : Michael D. Waters

Download or read book Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures written by Michael D. Waters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contained in this volume are the proceedings of the international conference on the "Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures," held from July 4-7, 1989, in Washington, DC. This meeting was a satellite of the "Fifth International Conference on Environmental Mutagens" and the seventh in a biennial series of conferences on "Short-term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures. " Our central objective in calling together key researchers from around the world was to extend our knowledge of the application of the methods of genetic toxicology and analytical chemistry in the evaluation of chemical mixtures as they exist in the environment. This conference emphasized the study of genotoxicants in air and water, and the assessment of human exposure and cancer risk. The latest strategies and methodologies for biomonitoring of genotoxicants (including transformation products) were described in the context of the ambient environment. Source character ization and source apportionment were discussed as an aid to understand ing the origin and relative contribution of various kinds of complex mix tures to the ambient environment. Similarly, investigations of genotoxi cants found in the indoor environment (sidestream cigarette smoke) and in drinking water (chlorohydroxyfuranones) were given special attention in terms of their potential health impacts. New molecular techniques were described to enable more precise quantitation of internal dose and dose to-target tissues. The emphasis of presentations on exposures/effects assessment was on integrated quantitative evaluation of human exposure and potential health effects.

Computational Toxicology

Author : Sean Ekins
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111928256X
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Toxicology by : Sean Ekins

Download or read book Computational Toxicology written by Sean Ekins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key resource for toxicologists across a broad spectrum of fields, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of molecular modelling approaches and strategies applied to risk assessment for pharmaceutical and environmental chemicals. Provides a perspective of what is currently achievable with computational toxicology and a view to future developments Helps readers overcome questions of data sources, curation, treatment, and how to model / interpret critical endpoints that support 21st century hazard assessment Assembles cutting-edge concepts and leading authors into a unique and powerful single-source reference Includes in-depth looks at QSAR models, physicochemical drug properties, structure-based drug targeting, chemical mixture assessments, and environmental modeling Features coverage about consumer product safety assessment and chemical defense along with chapters on open source toxicology and big data

Toxicological Risk Assessment for Beginners

Author : José A. Torres
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319127519
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicological Risk Assessment for Beginners by : José A. Torres

Download or read book Toxicological Risk Assessment for Beginners written by José A. Torres and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a comprehensive introductory guide to the practical aspects of risk assessment. Chapters include clearly defined objectives and summaries. The book includes: hazard identification, dose-response, exposure assessment, risk characterization, chemical mixtures, epidemiology, emerging issues and global perspectives with accessible language. The book concludes with a set of hypothetical case studies. Toxicological Risk Assessment for Beginners aims not to create an expert, but rather to provide readers with their first understanding of the risk assessment topic. This book was designed with the student in mind. We simplify a complex process for beginners and balance theory with practical aspects, but remain fluid enough to increase difficulty with case studies. By incorporating an action based, step by step approach to learning the risk assessment process, this book provides its readers with an elementary understanding of how the risk assessment process is initiated, developed and finished, making it a valuable guide for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and early career scientists in industry.