Hub And Spoke Or Else Free Trade Agreements In The Enlarged European Union

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Hub-and-Spoke Or Else? Free Trade Agreements in the 'Enlarged' European Union

Author : Roberta de Santis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Hub-and-Spoke Or Else? Free Trade Agreements in the 'Enlarged' European Union by : Roberta de Santis

Download or read book Hub-and-Spoke Or Else? Free Trade Agreements in the 'Enlarged' European Union written by Roberta de Santis and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this paper is to estimate the effect of European Union eastwards enlargement process on trade patterns in the Union. In particular, we intend to investigate whether and how the EU Free Trade agreements with CEECs have exerted a different impact on centre-periphery and intra-periphery trade relationships. This paper analyses bilateral trade flows between eight CEECs and EU-23. We estimate a gravity equation using a system GMM dynamic panel data approach. Results support the assumptions that gravity forces and persistence effects matter. With respect to the effect of free trade agreements, evidence is found that Free trade agreements between EU countries and CEECs matter. However there is also evidence that the presence of intra-periphery agreements helped expand intra-periphery trade and limit the emergence of a hub-and-spoke relationship between CEECs and EU. This results have important policy implications for the trade strategy of future EU members of the Southeastern European Countries as well as of the Southern Mediterranean Countries. According to the empirical results these countries should move towards a regional free-trade area as exemplified by the CEFTA and the BAFTA to avoid hub-and-spoke effects.

The Trade Impact of European Union Preferential Policies

Author : Luca De Benedictis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642165648
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis The Trade Impact of European Union Preferential Policies by : Luca De Benedictis

Download or read book The Trade Impact of European Union Preferential Policies written by Luca De Benedictis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book investigates the EU preferential trade policy and, in particular, the impact it had on trade flows from developing countries. It shows that the capability of the "trade as aid" model to deliver its expected benefits to these countries crucially differs between preferential schemes and sectors. The book takes an eclectic but rigorous approach to the econometric analysis by combining different specifications of the gravity model. An in-depth presentation of the gravity model is also included, providing significant insights into the distinctive features of this technique and its state-of-art implementation. The evidence produced in the book is extensively applied to the analysis of the EU preferential policies with substantial suggestions for future improvement. Additional electronic material to replicate the book's analysis (datasets and Gams and Stata 9.0 routines) can be found in the Extra Materials menu on the website of the book.

The Global Governance of Knowledge Creation and Diffusion

Author : Helge Hveem
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136701826
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis The Global Governance of Knowledge Creation and Diffusion by : Helge Hveem

Download or read book The Global Governance of Knowledge Creation and Diffusion written by Helge Hveem and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-02-27 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing scientific and political sensibility for questions regarding the "governance of a knowledge society" and the societal benefits and problems of a "knowledge economy". The Global Governance of Knowledge provides a survey and analysis of international agreements and institutions, global and regional, which regulate the creation and dissemination of knowledge. The volume utilises case studies and a comparative country / thematic approach to prove a comprehensive survey of the regulation and governance of knowledge flow, research and innovation. By identifying activities creating new knowledge, such as education and migration, it demonstrates how knowledge regulation and diffusion works in practice and policy. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of globalization, international relations and policy regulation.

Western Balkans in Transition

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Western Balkans in Transition by :

Download or read book Western Balkans in Transition written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: Part A: Regional overview : 1. Sustained growth in the Western Balkans - 2. Economic growth and government - 3. Regulatory policies and economic growth in transition economies - 4. Export-led growth in South Eastern Europe?-- Part B: Country Analysis: -Albania - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Croatia --Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia - Montenegro -Serbia - Kosovo.

The Present Outlook for Trade Negotiations in the World Trade Organization

Author : John Croome
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Present Outlook for Trade Negotiations in the World Trade Organization by : John Croome

Download or read book The Present Outlook for Trade Negotiations in the World Trade Organization written by John Croome and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1998 With their wide range of concerns, developing countries cannot speak with a single voice in the World Trade Organization. But to the extent that they can present a common front and identify issues on which they can achieve gains, they will be better placed to help shape negotiations rather than react to them. The Uruguay Round agreements established the World Trade Organization (WTO), overhauled and strengthened the GATT rules on trade in goods, and added rules on trade in services and intellectual property. Individual countries made wide-ranging commitments to liberalize trade policies. A new round of multilateral trade negotiatons may be launched in the year 2000 or soon after. Croome reviews the probable agenda for these negotiations and reactions thereto. Agriculture is a certainty for negotiations, with agricultural exporters insisting on liberalized markets. Net food importers fear such reforms will increase food costs and endanger food security. Trade in services is certain to be on the agenda, but some developing countries see little to gain in this area, unless their workers gain opportunities to provide services in other countries. Many developing countries could benefit from further negotiations on tariffs. Developing countries are determined to avoid opening up the Uruguay Round agreement on textiles and clothing. They also fear that any WTO agreement on environmental issues will provide excuses to increase barriers on their exports. They all oppose WTO discussion of labor standards. They are divided about whether to reach an agreement on investment but tend to favor seeking an agreement on competition issues. Developing countries' attitudes toward further WTO negotiations are divided; they tend to be negative, but may be shifting toward support. Small and underdeveloped countries are unenthusiastic because they cannot participate effectively in negotiations in Geneva and are distracted by upcoming negotiations with the European Union. Many developing countries feel their levels of commitment are already heavy, they need more time to absorb the consequences of their commitments, and it would be counterproductive to rush into another round of negotiations. They argue that industrial countries have yet to deliver on liberalization important to their trade. Countries that favor negotiations favor a broad agenda for negotiations because they have relatively wide trade interests, best served by a single negotiation that offers something for all participants and allows tradeoffs. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to assist developing countries liberalize their trade through participation negotiations at the World Trade Organization. The author may be contacted at [email protected].

Cross Regional Trade Agreements

Author : Saori N. Katada
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540793275
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Cross Regional Trade Agreements by : Saori N. Katada

Download or read book Cross Regional Trade Agreements written by Saori N. Katada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-24 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unacknowledged key feature of East Asian FTA diplomacy is the region's active cross-regional preferential trading relations. In sharp contrast to the Americas and Europe, where cross-regional initiatives gained strength after the consolidation of regional trade integration, East Asian governments negotiate trade deals with partners outside of their region at an early stage in their FTA policies. The book asks three main questions: Are there regional factors in East Asia encouraging countries to explore cross-regionalism early on? What are the most important criteria behind the cross-regional partner selection? How do cross-regional FTSs (CRTAs) influence their intra-regional trade initiatives? Through detailed country case studies from China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia, we show the ways in which these governments seek to leverage their CRTAs in the pursuit of intra-regional trade integration objectives, a process that yields a much more permeated regionalism.

Global Economic Prospects 2005

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821357477
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (574 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Economic Prospects 2005 by :

Download or read book Global Economic Prospects 2005 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annual publication analyses the global and national dimensions of the investment climate for developing countries, in terms of the policy and institutional environment. This edition examines the growth of regional trade agreements, which have risen eight-fold in two decades with currently, as much as 40 percent of global trade taking place among countries that have some form of reciprocal regional trade agreement. Issues discussed include: regional trading trends; effects of regional agreements on trade creation, trade facilitation and services, investment, intellectual property rights, and labour mobility; whether the proliferation of agreements poses risks for multilateral trading system, and if so, options for managing them. The report finds that agreements leading to open regionalism (that is, deeper integration of trade as a result of low external tariffs, increased services competition, and efforts to reduce cross-border and customs delays costs) are effective as part of a larger trade strategy to promote growth. Although regional agreements can prove beneficial to member countries, they can have adverse effects on excluded countries, and the lowering of border barriers around the world is crucial to minimising these effects. The completion of the Doha Development Agenda by all WTO countries will reduce the risk of trade diversion associated with regional agreements and will decrease trade losses of countries excluded from agreements.

Report, AIECE Working Group on Foreign Trade

Author : Association des instituts européens de conjoncture économique. Working Group on Foreign Trade
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Report, AIECE Working Group on Foreign Trade by : Association des instituts européens de conjoncture économique. Working Group on Foreign Trade

Download or read book Report, AIECE Working Group on Foreign Trade written by Association des instituts européens de conjoncture économique. Working Group on Foreign Trade and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Multilateralism Or Regionalism?

Author : Guido Glania
Publisher : CEPS
ISBN 13 : 9290796030
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilateralism Or Regionalism? by : Guido Glania

Download or read book Multilateralism Or Regionalism? written by Guido Glania and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2005 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book highlights the multifaceted effects of regional trade agreements and outlines the strategic options for EU trade policy. It points out what is new about this most recent phase of regionalism and analyzes the effects on economic welfare and trade transaction costs. The authors draw upon elements of game theory to explore a self-reinforcing mechanism that is resulting in a potentially damaging race for markets. They focus in particular on the multiple impacts of regionalism on the WTO and the multilateral trading order. The book arrives at an opportune time, as the Doha Round is reaching a critical phase.

Regionalism versus Multilateral Trade Arrangements

Author : Takatoshi Ito
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226386720
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Regionalism versus Multilateral Trade Arrangements by : Takatoshi Ito

Download or read book Regionalism versus Multilateral Trade Arrangements written by Takatoshi Ito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1997-10-15 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no doubt that the open multilateral trading system after World War II was a key ingredient in the rapid economic development of the entire world. Especially in Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, exports increased dramatically both in absolute terms and as a percentage of GNP. In the 1980s, however, preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) began to emerge as significant factors affecting world trade. This volume contains thirteen papers that analyze the tensions between multilateral trading systems and preferential trade arrangements and the impact of these tensions on East Asia. The first four chapters introduce PTAs conceptually and focus on the unique political issues that these agreements involve. The next five essays present more direct empirical analyses of existing PTAs and their economic effects, primarily in East Asia. The last four papers concentrate on the outcomes of individual East Asian nations' trading policies in specific instances of preferential agreements.

Handbook of International Trade Agreements

Author : Robert E. Looney
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351046942
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of International Trade Agreements by : Robert E. Looney

Download or read book Handbook of International Trade Agreements written by Robert E. Looney and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade has, for decades, been central to economic growth and improved standards of living for nations and regions worldwide. For most of the advanced countries, trade has raised standards of living, while for most emerging economies, growth did not begin until their integration into the global economy. The economic explanation is simple: international trade facilitates specialization, increased efficiency and improved productivity to an extent impossible in closed economies. However, recent years have seen a significant slowdown in global trade, and the global system has increasingly come under attack from politicians on the right and on the left. The benefits of open markets, the continuation of international co-operation, and the usefulness of multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have all been called into question. While globalization has had a broadly positive effect on overall global welfare, it has also been perceived by the public as damaging communities and social classes in the industrialized world, spawning, for example, Brexit and the US exit from the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The purpose of this volume is to examine international and regional preferential trade agreements (PTAs), which offer like-minded countries a possible means to continue receiving the benefits of economic liberalization and expanded trade. What are the strengths and weaknesses of such agreements, and how can they sustain growth and prosperity for their members in an ever-challenging global economic environment? The Handbook is divided into two parts. The first, Global Themes, offers analysis of issues including the WTO, trade agreements and economic development, intellectual property rights, security and environmental issues, and PTAs and developing countries. The second part examines regional and country-specific agreements and issues, including NAFTA, CARICOM, CETA, the Pacific Alliance, the European Union, EFTA, ECOWAS, SADC, TTIP, RCEP and the TPP (now the CPTPP), as well as the policies of countries such as Japan and Australia.

The European Union in the 21st Century

Author : Stefano Micossi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789290799290
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The European Union in the 21st Century by : Stefano Micossi

Download or read book The European Union in the 21st Century written by Stefano Micossi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this book are all members of EuropEos, a multidisciplinary group of jurists, economists, political scientists, and journalists in an ongoing forum discussing European institutional issues. The essays analyze emerging shifts in common policies, institutional settings, and legitimization, sketching out possible scenarios for the European Union of the 21st century. They are grouped into three sections, devoted to economics and consensus, international projection of the Union, and the institutional framework. Even after the major organizational reforms introduced to the EU by the new Treaty of Lisbon, which came into force in December 2009, Europe appears to remain an entity in flux, in search of its ultimate destiny. In line with the very essence of EuropEos, the views collected in this volume are sometimes at odds in their specific conclusions, but they stem from a common commitment to the European construction.

Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development by :

Download or read book Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

World Development Report 2009

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 082137608X
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis World Development Report 2009 by : World Bank

Download or read book World Development Report 2009 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-11-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.

Regionalism versus Multilateralism

Author : L. Alan Winters
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9703111149
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Regionalism versus Multilateralism by : L. Alan Winters

Download or read book Regionalism versus Multilateralism written by L. Alan Winters and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1996 Do the forces that regional integration arrangements set up encourage or discourage a trend toward globally freer trade? We don't know yet. The literature on regionalism versus multilateralism is growing as economists and political scientists grapple with the question of whether regional integration arrangements are good or bad for the multilateral system. Are regional integration arrangements building blocks or stumbling blocks, in Jagdish Bhagwati's phrase, or stepping stones toward multilateralism? As economists worry about the ability of the World Trade Organization to maintain the GATT's unsteady yet distinct momentum toward liberalism, and as they contemplate the emergence of world-scale regional integration arrangements (the EU, NAFTA, FTAA, APEC, and, possibly, TAFTA), the question has never been more pressing. Winters switches the focus from the immediate consequences of regionalism for the economic welfare of the integrating partners to the question of whether it sets up forces that encourage or discourage evolution toward globally freer trade. The answer is, We don't know yet. One can build models that suggest either conclusion, but these models are still so abstract that they should be viewed as parables rather than sources of testable predictions. Winters offers conclusions about research strategy as well as about the world we live in. Among the conclusions he reaches: * Since we value multilateralism, we had better work out what it means and, if it means different things to different people, make sure to identify the sense in which we are using the term. * Sector-specific lobbies are a danger if regionalism is permitted because they tend to stop blocs from moving all the way to global free trade. In the presence of lobbies, trade diversion is good politics even if it is bad economics. * Regionalism's direct effect on multilateralism is important, but possibly more so is the indirect effect it has by changing the ways in which groups of countries interact and respond to shocks in the world economy. * Regionalism, by allowing stronger internalization of the gains from trade liberalization, seems likely to facilitate freer trade when it is initially highly restricted. * The possibility of regionalism probably increases the risks of catastrophe in the trading system. The insurance incentives for joining regional arrangements and the existence of shiftable externalities both lead to such a conclusion. So too does the view that regionalism is a means to bring trade partners to the multilateral negotiating table because it is essentially coercive. Using regionalism for this purpose may have been an effective strategy, but it is also risky. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - was prepared for a conference on regional integration sponsored by the Centre for Economic Policy Research, La Coru-a, Spain, April 26-27, 1996, and will appear in the conference proceedings.

Global Multi-level Governance

Author : César de Prado
Publisher : United Nations University Press
ISBN 13 : 9280811398
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Multi-level Governance by : César de Prado

Download or read book Global Multi-level Governance written by César de Prado and published by United Nations University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War, European and East Asian states have developed a series of unique trans-boundary structures and agreements, such as the European Union and ASEAN, and through new bilateral, multilateral and inter-regional relationships both Europe and East Asia are helping to transform other regions and the global community. This publication examines the complex emergence of a multi-level global governance system through innovative developments in info-communications governance; the role of policy advisors, think-tanks and related track-2 processes; and changes in higher education systems.

The Search for Europe

Author : Daron Acemoglu
Publisher : La fabrica
ISBN 13 : 9788416248421
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (484 download)

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Book Synopsis The Search for Europe by : Daron Acemoglu

Download or read book The Search for Europe written by Daron Acemoglu and published by La fabrica. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is now the eighth in the annual series sponsored by BBVA as part of its OpenMind initiative, which is devoted to disseminating knowledge on key issues of our time. The Search for Europe analyses the present and future of the old continent and its integration project, surely the most ambitious political and economic integration project ever attempted in history, a benchmark for similar processes in other regions. The book is divided into three main sections: "The economic foundations of the European project", "Europe and its nations: Politics, society and culture", and "The unresolved Limits of Europe and the new global powers". It features pieces written by international experts such as Javier Solana, Barry Eichengreen, Philip Cooke, Bichara Khader, Vivien Ann Schmidt, John Peet and Thomas Christiansen, among others.