Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
How To Measure The Efficiency Of Agricultural Cooperatives In Developing Countries
Download How To Measure The Efficiency Of Agricultural Cooperatives In Developing Countries full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online How To Measure The Efficiency Of Agricultural Cooperatives In Developing Countries ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis How to Measure the Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries by : Johannes Kuhn
Download or read book How to Measure the Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries written by Johannes Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How to Measure the Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries by : J. Kuhn
Download or read book How to Measure the Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries written by J. Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How to measure the efficiency of agricultural cooperatives in developing countries by : Johannes Kuhn
Download or read book How to measure the efficiency of agricultural cooperatives in developing countries written by Johannes Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How to Measure the Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries by : Johannes Kuhn
Download or read book How to Measure the Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries written by Johannes Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Operational Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries by : Eberhard Dülfer
Download or read book Operational Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries written by Eberhard Dülfer and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic considerations; Efficiency with respect to social and economic development targets; Motivational and organizacional aspects of cooperative efficiency; Efficiency of different patterns of cooperative farming in developing regions; Efficiency of different of service and credit cooperatives; Imperatives for management and financing of cooperative enterprises; Prerequisites for cooperative efficiency within agricultural development projects; Vocational training and education required for members and personnel of cooperatives in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Operational Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries by : D. Eberhard
Download or read book Operational Efficiency of Agricultural Cooperatives in Developing Countries written by D. Eberhard and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring the Efficiency and Productivity of Agricultural Cooperatives by : Krishna Prasad Pokharel
Download or read book Measuring the Efficiency and Productivity of Agricultural Cooperatives written by Krishna Prasad Pokharel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on measuring the efficiency and productivity for agricultural cooperatives in the United States using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Economic measures such as cost efficiency, economies of scale, and economies of scope are measured by estimating a cost frontier in a multiproduct framework. Productivity growth is measured using the biennial Malmquist index approach. The cost frontier is the basis for calculating cost efficiency, economies of scale, and economies of scope as the cost frontier estimation in a multiproduct approach describes how cost changes as output changes. The estimates of economies of scale and scope have important implications for agricultural cooperatives because most of the cooperatives sell more than one product. Understanding the impact of changing output levels or mixes on the cost structure is helpful to improve the performance of cooperatives. Further, scope economies estimate the percentage of cost savings through product diversification in a multiproduct firm. The trade-off between cost efficiency and multiproduct scale economies allows the estimation of whether a higher percentage of cost can be eliminated by becoming cost efficient or changing the scale of operations. The economic measures are estimated using a single cost frontier (multi-year frontier) and annual cost frontiers. Multiproduct economies of scale and economies of scope exist indicating that increasing scale and product diversification can reduce cost for agricultural cooperatives. The mean values of product-specific economies of scale for all outputs are close to one indicating that cooperatives are operating close to constant returns to scale. The comparison between cost efficiency and scale economies suggests that smaller cooperatives can save a higher percentage of cost by increasing the scale of operations rather than just becoming cost efficient. Because larger incentives exist for small cooperatives to increase scale, mergers will likely continue until economies of scale are exhausted in the industry. Annual estimates show that agricultural cooperatives have become less cost efficient over time, but economies of scale and economies of scope remain consistent across years. Many agricultural cooperatives face economies of scale indicating that variable returns to scale as opposed to constant returns to scale is the appropriate technology for modeling agricultural farm marketing and supply cooperatives. Further, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test and two sample t-test are used to examine whether economic measures estimated from a single frontier and annual frontiers are statistically different. The KS test and t-test indicate that economic measures obtained from the single frontier are statistically different from those measures calculated from annual frontiers. This indicates that the cost frontier has shifted over time. Productivity growth of agricultural cooperatives is estimated using the biennial Malmquist productivity index (BMI) under variable returns to scale over the period 2005 to 2014. The BMI avoids numerical infeasibilities under variable returns to scale compared to traditional methods. The BMI is decomposed into efficiency change and technical change to evaluate the sources of productivity growth. Overall, agricultural cooperatives gained 34% cumulative productivity growth during the decade allocated by -2% and 37% cumulative technical efficiency change and technical change over the study period. Technical change was the major source of productivity growth rather than efficiency change. Cooperatives can achieve higher productivity by increasing managerial efficiency and by investing in technology.
Book Synopsis How to measure the efficieny of agricultural cooperatives in developing countries by :
Download or read book How to measure the efficieny of agricultural cooperatives in developing countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring the Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives by :
Download or read book Measuring the Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Cooperatives and Markets in Developing Countries by : Kurt R. Anschel
Download or read book Agricultural Cooperatives and Markets in Developing Countries written by Kurt R. Anschel and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compilation of conference papers presented at a meeting on marketing aspects of rural cooperatives in developing countries - covers the cooperative system, marketing cooperatives, rural development, etc. Conference held in lexington 1967 April 26 to 30.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Cooperative Management and Policy by : Constantin Zopounidis
Download or read book Agricultural Cooperative Management and Policy written by Constantin Zopounidis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the use of farm level, micro- and macro-data of cooperative systems and networks in developing new robust, reliable and coherent modeling tools for agricultural and environmental policy analysis. The efficacy of public intervention on agriculture is largely determined by the existence of reliable information on the effects of policy options and market developments on farmers' production decisions and in particular, on key issues such as levels of agricultural and non-agricultural output, land use and incomes, use of natural resources, sustainable-centric management, structural change and the viability of family farms. Over the last years, several methods and analytical tools have been developed for policy analysis using various sets of data. Such methods have been based on integrated approaches in an effort to investigate the above key issues and have thus attempted to offer a powerful environment for decision making, particularly in an era of radical change for both agriculture and the wider economy.
Book Synopsis Measuring the Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives by : United States Agriculture
Download or read book Measuring the Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives written by United States Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-04-28 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The task of measuring the financial performance of cooperatives is made problematic by the attributes of the cooperative form of business. Most of the commonly used financial measures give an incomplete picture of a cooperative's performance. However, the extra value approach used in this report enables a cooperative's use of member-supplied funds to be fully measured-whether member capital is earning more, or less, than it could in alternative investments. The value a cooperative generates over and above its expenses, including an opportunity cost for its equity capital, is termed "extra value." A positive extra value indicates that a cooperative has created value by its operations, while a negative extra value means that a cooperative has actually diminished the value of members' investment. Extra value is measured by subtracting an interest charge on equity capital from net savings. Three different interest rates are used for the charge on equity. The December average British Banker's Association's London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (Libor) plus 200 basis points provides the basic reference rate. This Libor + 2 "basic" rate represents the commonly held opinion that banks in the United States will generally extend loans to a firm with a better-than-average credit rating, at an interest rate of about 200 basis points above the Libor. Extra value was also calculated at two higher rates, the basic rate plus 5 percentage points and the basic rate plus 10 percentage points, to reflect a range of risk premiums because investors consider equity investment riskier than debt. For comparisons over time and among different types of cooperatives, extra value is expressed as a percentage of operating capital. This common-sized index is thus scale- and operating mode-neutral. Extra value was calculated for 65 cooperatives that had been on USDA's top 100 cooperatives (based on revenue) list for at least 4 years in each of two 5-year time periods-1992 through 1996 and 2000 through 2004. Looking at these two time periods allows for an examination of how cooperative performance progressed over time. Additionally, averaging over multiple years should have helped minimize the impact of extraordinary factors on results.
Book Synopsis Cooperatives, Economic Democratization and Rural Development by : Jos Bijman
Download or read book Cooperatives, Economic Democratization and Rural Development written by Jos Bijman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural cooperatives and producer organizations are institutional innovations which have the potential to reduce poverty and improve food security. This book presents a raft of international case studies, from developing and transition countries, to analyse the internal and external challenges that these complex organizations face and the solutions that they have developed. The contributors provide an increased understanding of the transformation of traditional community organizations into modern farmer-owned businesses. They cover issues including: the impact on rural development and inclusiveness, the role of social capital, formal versus informal organizations, democratic participation and member relations, and their role in value chains. Students and scholars will find the book’s multidisciplinary approach useful in their research. It will also be of interest to policy-makers seeking to understand the wide diversity of organizational forms and functions. NGOs, donors and governments seeking to support rural developments will benefit from the discussions raised in this book.
Book Synopsis On the Evaluation of Rural Cooperatives with Reference to Governmental Development Policies by : Alfred Hanel
Download or read book On the Evaluation of Rural Cooperatives with Reference to Governmental Development Policies written by Alfred Hanel and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Cooperatives In Transition by : Csaba Csaki
Download or read book Agricultural Cooperatives In Transition written by Csaba Csaki and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-28 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1993, this is a study of agricultural co-operatives. The farming structure in transition countries has shifted from dominance of large corporate farms to family smallholdings. Smallholders everywhere experience difficulties with access to market services, including sale of products, purchase of inputs, and acquisition of machinery; they suffer from credit shortages and have limited access to information and advisory services. The barriers to market access prevent smallholders from fully exploiting their inherent productivity advantages. Best-practice world experience highlights farmers' service cooperatives, created by grassroots users, as the most effective way of improving the market access of small farmers. Service cooperatives also help smallholders overcome market failures, when private business entrepreneurs are unwilling to provide services in areas that they judge unprofitable or unfairly exploit users through monopolistic practices. These difficulties and market failures are prominent in transition countries and scholars accordingly expected rapid development of agricultural service cooperatives in response to smallholder needs. The present volume explores gaps between expectations and reality.
Book Synopsis An Analytical Method for Evaluation of Rural Cooperatives in Developing Countries by : Eberhard Dülfer
Download or read book An Analytical Method for Evaluation of Rural Cooperatives in Developing Countries written by Eberhard Dülfer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Promotion of Small Farmers' Cooperatives in Asia by : G. N. Lamming
Download or read book Promotion of Small Farmers' Cooperatives in Asia written by G. N. Lamming and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1980 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: