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How The Chinese System Of Charges And Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts By Chinas Top Industrial Polluters
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Book Synopsis How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China's Top Industrial Polluters by : Hua Wang
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China's Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.
Book Synopsis How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China's Top Industrial Polluters by : Hua Wang
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China's Top Industrial Polluters written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.There have been extensive theoretical studies of firms' responses to environmental regulations and enforcement but few empirical analyses of firms expenditures on pollution abatement in response to different regulations and enforcement strategies.Wang and Chen empirically analyze the pollution abatement efforts of Chinese industrial firms under a system combining pollution charges and abatement subsidies.Using data on China's top industrial polluters and on regional development in China, they find that the combination of charges and subsidies used in China has provided effective incentives for the most heavily polluting industrial firms to abate pollution.Chinese industries operate under a unique pollution control system, a market-based instrument combining emissions charges and abatement subsidies. This combination of charges and subsidies has given firms incentive to invest in wastewater treatment facilities. The pollution levy, although low, has significantly improved investments in abatement.Wang and Chen found that the more pollution a firm generates, the more likely it is to invest in pollution abatement.This study was only of top polluters, which are closely monitored by environmental agencies, so the results may not be valid for other sources of industrial pollution.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to identify appropriate policies for environmental regulation in developing countries. Hua Wang may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China's Top Industrial Polluters by : George Allayannis
Download or read book How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China's Top Industrial Polluters written by George Allayannis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been extensive theoretical studies of firms' responses to environmental regulations ad enforcement but few empirical analyses of firms' expenditures on pollution abatement in response to different regulations and enforcement strategies. The authors empirically analyze the pollution abatement efforts of Chinese industrial firms under a system combining pollution charges and abatement subsidies. Using data on China's top industrial polluters and on regional development in China, they find that the combination of charges and subsidies used in china has provided effective incentives for the most heavily polluting industrial firms to abate pollution. Chinese industries operate under a unique pollution control system, a market-based instrument combining emissions charges and abatement subsidies. This combination of charges and subsidies has given firms incentive to invest in wastewater treatment facilities. The pollution levy, although low, has significantly improved investments in abatement. The authors found that the more pollution a firm generates, the more likely it is to invest in pollution abatement. This study was only of top polluters, which are closely monitored by environmental agencies, so the results may not be valid for other sources of industrial pollution.
Book Synopsis Industrial Environmental Performance in China by :
Download or read book Industrial Environmental Performance in China written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Inspections have a statistically significant impact on firms' environmental performance in the Chinese city of Zhenjiang, and citizens' complaints have significant impact on inspections. So stronger information and education campaigns may improve social welfare in the city"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Surviving Success by : Susmita Dasgupta
Download or read book Surviving Success written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, Dasgupta, Wang and Wheeler analyze China's industrial pollution problem and the possibilities for significant improvement through policy reform. Their assessment is based on a large-scale econometric exercise, with data provided by China's National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). They focus particularly on two major determinants of changes in the pollution intensity (or pollution per unit of output) of industry: General economic reforms, and China's pollution charge system. Using their econometric equations for forecasting, they develop three future pollution scenarios under varying assumptions about policies during the next two decades: (1) Continuation of the economic reforms with no further tightening of regulation: They find that organic water pollution will stabilize in many areas, and actually decline in some. Emissions of airborne particulates and sulfur dioxide will continue growing, but at a much slower pace than industrial output. However, most of China's waterways will remain heavily polluted and hundreds of thousands of urban residents will continue to die or suffer serious respiratory damage from air pollution. (2) Continued reforms, plus 5% annual increases in pollution charges (maintaining the trend for water pollution charges since 1987): Organic water pollution will decline sharply enough to restore the health of many waterways; air pollution will stabilize or decline in most cities, saving many thousands of lives. (3) Continued reforms, plus 10% annual increases in pollution charges: This option will eliminate most of the organic water pollution from regulated Chinese factories, and induce major improvements in urban air quality. During the next two decades, Beijing and Chongqing alone will have about 40,000 fewer deaths from air pollution if this option is chosen instead of the pure economic reform strategy. Dasgupta, Wang and Wheeler conclude the paper with a detailed analysis of the benefits and costs of tighter air pollution control. For a representative Chinese city, Zhengzhou, they find that the optimum charge rate for sulfur dioxide emissions is around $90/ton -- fifty times greater than the current rate. Their analysis also suggests that air pollution control is a very cost-effective lifesaving option, yielding a social rate of return in excess of 3,000% for further abatement in large cities. At the current level of pollution control, they find that continued regulatory inaction amounts to valuing a Chinese worker's life at less than $US 500, a figure which is tragically low by any standard.
Book Synopsis Pollution Charges, Community Pressure, and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China by : Hua Wang
Download or read book Pollution Charges, Community Pressure, and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are.
Book Synopsis Industrial Environmental Performance in China by : Susmita Dasgupta
Download or read book Industrial Environmental Performance in China written by Susmita Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspections have a statistically significant impact on firms' environmental performance in the Chinese city of Zhenjiang, and citizens' complaints have a significant impact on inspections. So stronger information and education campaigns may improve social welfare in the city. Little empirical research has been done on monitoring and enforcement issues in environmental economics, especially to analyze the impact of monitoring and enforcement on polluters' environmental performance. No studies have been done in developing economies.Dasgupta, Laplante, Mamingi, and Wang explore the impact of inspections, and the potential impact of pollution charges and citizens' complaints, on the environmental performance of polluters in China. Their analysis of plant-level data from the city of Zhenjiang shows that:Inspections have a statistically significant impact on firms' environmental performance.Pollution charges do not have a statistically significant effect on firms' performance - although the lack of variation in pollution charges in Zhenjiang precludes effectively capturing their impact.Complaints have a significant impact on inspections and therefore on pollution control.Currently available data do not allow analysis of whether the cost of additional inspections is justified, but it is reasonable to speculate that additional inspections would improve social welfare in Zhenjiang and that information and education campaigns are probably a good way to encourage citizen complaints.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental regulation in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Pollution Control in China: The Role and Impact of Inspection and Complaints (RPO 682-44).
Book Synopsis Pricing Industrial Pollution in China by : Hua Wang
Download or read book Pricing Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pollution Charges, Community Pressure, and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China by : Hua Wang
Download or read book Pollution Charges, Community Pressure, and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are.Wang evaluates the strength of the effect that community pressure and pollution charges have on industrial pollution control in China and estimates the marginal cost of pollution abatement. He examines a well-documented set of plant-level data, combined with community-level data, to assess the impact of pollution charges and community pressure on industrial behavior in China.He constructs and estimates an industrial organic water pollution discharge model for plants that violate standards for pollution discharge, pay pollution charges, and are constantly under community pressure to further abate pollution.He creates a model and estimates implicit prices for pollution discharges from community pressure, which are determined jointly by the explicit price, the pollution levy. He finds that the implicit discharge price is at least as high as the explicit price. In other words, community pressure not only exists but may be as strong an incentive as the pollution charge is for industrial firms to control pollution in China. Wang`s modeling approach also provides a way to estimate the marginal cost of pollution abatement. The empirical results show that the current marginal cost of abatement is about twice the effective charge rate in China.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental regulation in developing countries. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Chinese Environmental Governance by : Bingqiang Ren
Download or read book Chinese Environmental Governance written by Bingqiang Ren and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edited volume, leading environmental policy experts from China, USA, and Europe provide a contemporary view of Chinese environmental policy, analyzing current discussions among various actors and agencies. The book covers a wide range of topics including the gap between national policy goals and their local implementation, cultural and social factors shaping political behavior, legal and political systems affecting environmental policy creation and execution, new societal forces participating in environmental policymaking and governance, and local state strategies tasked with navigating a mix of political, legal, and societal forces. Featuring in-depth, empirically-grounded analyses with interdisciplinary approaches, the book is ideal reading for scholars interested in the complex nature of balancing Chinese environmental sustainability and economic growth.
Book Synopsis DAC Guidelines and Reference Series Environmental Fiscal Reform for Poverty Reduction by : OECD
Download or read book DAC Guidelines and Reference Series Environmental Fiscal Reform for Poverty Reduction written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2005-06-09 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This DAC Reference Paper outlines key issues faced when designing Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR). EFR refers to a range of taxation and pricing measures which can raise fiscal revenues while furthering environmental goals.
Book Synopsis Environmental Taxation in Practice by : Thomas Sterner
Download or read book Environmental Taxation in Practice written by Thomas Sterner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980's, market-based instruments for environmental policy have become increasingly important. Focusing on environmental taxation in practice, this volume collects key contributions on a wide range of topics, including comparisons of environmental taxation schemes in different countries, political economy issues and key aspects of concrete implementation. It presents a wealth of ex-ante and ex-post analyses, intended as a source of guidance for policy implementation and research. The volume features a full-length introduction locating the literature on environmental taxation in practice in a wider context of theoretical and applied issues.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Water Demands by : Steven Renzetti
Download or read book The Economics of Water Demands written by Steven Renzetti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arose out of a paper that I wrote for the World Bank at the request of Ariel Dinar, the editor for the series in which this volume appears. I began that paper by pointing to the growing importance of demand-side considerations in water resources: "The provision of potable water is one of government's oldest functions with evidence of this activity stretching back thousands of years. During much of that time, water demands were taken as exogenously given and the principle task of authorities was defined as an engineering one: how to supply a given quantity of water at least cost. In recent years, however, concerns have arisen from observations of excessive water use, degraded water quality and continued inadequate service for many, especially the very poor. As a result of these and other concerns, there is a growing effort to view water resource allocation from a perspective that incorporates consumers' preferences along with supply constraints into management plans. " (Renzetti, 2000, p. 123). The purpose of this volume is to examine, in greater detail than was possible in that article, what is known regarding the economic characteristics of the demand for water. Thus, this book is meant to be an extended critical review of the state of the art.
Book Synopsis incomplete enforcement of pullution regulation by : Hua Wang
Download or read book incomplete enforcement of pullution regulation written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fiscal Solvency and Sustainability in Economic Management by : Hinh T. Dinh
Download or read book Fiscal Solvency and Sustainability in Economic Management written by Hinh T. Dinh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a financially integrated world, it is misleading to assess fiscal performance separate from other aspects of economic development. The framework proposed here can help assess fiscal performance over time and across countries and point to a pace of fiscal adjustment consistent with a country's economic and social objectives.
Book Synopsis Market Versus Administrative Reallocation of Agricultural Land in a Period of Rapid Industrialization by : Michael R. Carter
Download or read book Market Versus Administrative Reallocation of Agricultural Land in a Period of Rapid Industrialization written by Michael R. Carter and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Property rights in China are moving in two different directions. In some villages, private rights are secure and to some degree marketable; in other villages, individual rights are increasingly restricted and suject to more regulation and reallocation. Administrative reallocation tends to promote more equal access to land, but the price paid for the social insurance of land tenure may be forgone investment.
Book Synopsis Managing Risks of Capital Mobility by : Mansoor Dailami
Download or read book Managing Risks of Capital Mobility written by Mansoor Dailami and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countries need suitable mechanisms for balancing the risks and benefits of financial openness, including mechanisms through which to improve insurance to citizens, through the marketplace or through redistributive policy, and thus to avert political pressure for capital controls. Capital mobility as a policy objective gained currency and support only after significant trade liberalization and only in democratic countries that had established the ability to repond to citizens' demands for national economic security.
