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How Serious Is The Neglect Of Intra Household Inequality In Multi Dimensional Poverty Indices
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Book Synopsis How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-Household Inequality in Multi-Dimensional Poverty Indices? by : Stephan Klasen
Download or read book How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-Household Inequality in Multi-Dimensional Poverty Indices? written by Stephan Klasen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Income-based as well as most existing multidimensional poverty indices (MPI) assume equal distribution within the household and thus yield a biased assessment of individual poverty and poverty by age or gender. In this paper we first show that the direction of the bias depends on how these measures use individual data to determine the poverty status of households, while the impact of these assumptions on inequality between individual cannot be determined a priori. We then use data from the 2012 Indian Human Development Survey to create a standard household-based MPIs closely related to the MPI proposed by Alkire and Santos (2014) as well as UNDP (2014), and compare that to an individual level MPI that individualizes education and nutrition and some aspects of the living standards dimensions. We find that the poverty rate of females is 14 percentage points higher than that of men in our individual MPI measure but only 2 percentage points higher when using the household-based measure. Similarly, the age differentials in poverty are much larger using the individual-based measure. Using a decomposable inequality measure, we find the contribution of intrahousehold inequality to the total inequality in the individual deprivation score inequality to be 30% and total inequality is also some 30% higher using the individual-based measure, while inequality among the poor is found to be 5% smaller using the individual measure.
Book Synopsis How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-household Inequality? by : Lawrence James Haddad
Download or read book How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-household Inequality? written by Lawrence James Haddad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Serious is the Neglect of Intrahousehold Inequality? by : Lawrence James Haddad
Download or read book How Serious is the Neglect of Intrahousehold Inequality? written by Lawrence James Haddad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignoring intrahousehold inequality can lead to considerable underestimates of the true levels of poverty and inequality. But the estimated patterns of poverty and inequality across key socioeconomic groups are not affected dramatically.
Book Synopsis How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-household Inequality? by : Lawrence James Haddad
Download or read book How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-household Inequality? written by Lawrence James Haddad and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-household Inequality? by :
Download or read book How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-household Inequality? written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Construction of an Adult Equivalence Index to Measure Intrahousehold Inequality and Poverty by : Sunil Kumar
Download or read book Construction of an Adult Equivalence Index to Measure Intrahousehold Inequality and Poverty written by Sunil Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "More often than not, poverty and inequality measures are based on consumption expenditures of households but this does not represent the welfare of the individuals within the household and hence concern has been raised on policy formulation (Haddad and Kanbur 1990). The strong assumption for such data use has been that resources within a household are divided according to need but a growing body of literature has argued that this is not true and that consumption inequality exists within households (Sen 1984, Thomas 1990, Phipps and Burton 1995, Iversen 2003). These studies have shown that certain social configurations such as discriminations or norms against women, the earning capacity of individuals and power structure within the households (traditionally assigned or acquired through earnings) are causes of inequality within the household. When deprivations within the household are not accounted for and if these are aggregated for the whole population, the underestimation of inequality and poverty could be significant and result in gross policy neglect"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis by : Sabina Alkire
Download or read book Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis written by Sabina Alkire and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis is evolving rapidly. Notably, it has informed the publication of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) estimates in the Human Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme since 2010, and the release of national poverty measures in Mexico, Colombia, Bhutan, the Philippines and Chile. The academic response has been similarly swift, with related articles published in both theoretical and applied journals. The high and insistent demand for in-depth and precise accounts of multidimensional poverty measurement motivates this book, which is aimed at graduate students in quantitative social sciences, researchers of poverty measurement, and technical staff in governments and international agencies who create multidimensional poverty measures. The book is organized into four elements. The first introduces the framework for multidimensional measurement and provides a lucid overview of a range of multidimensional techniques and the problems each can address. The second part gives a synthetic introduction of 'counting' approaches to multidimensional poverty measurement and provides an in-depth account of the counting multidimensional poverty measurement methodology developed by Alkire and Foster, which is a straightforward extension of the well-known Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures that had a significant and lasting impact on income poverty measurement. The final two parts deal with the pre-estimation issues such as normative choices and distinctive empirical techniques used in measure design, and the post-estimation issues such as robustness tests, statistical inferences, comparisons over time, and assessments of inequality among the poor.
Book Synopsis Intra-household Inequality and Overall Inequality by : S. M. Ravi Kanbur
Download or read book Intra-household Inequality and Overall Inequality written by S. M. Ravi Kanbur and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing the specific contribution of intra-household inequality to standard measures of overall inequality and poverty is an underdeveloped area of research and policy analysis. However, intra-household inequality is clearly important. It is argued in this paper that neglecting intra-household inequality could lead to (i) an understatement of inequality and an overstatement of the impact of growth on poverty reduction; (ii) a mis-statement of the potential impact of minimum wage policies on poverty; (iii) mis-design of transfer policies to reduce inequality and poverty. Any discussion of inequality in the welfare state cannot afford to ignore intra-household inequality.
Book Synopsis Rich and Powerful? Subjective Power and Welfare in Russia by : Michael Lokshin
Download or read book Rich and Powerful? Subjective Power and Welfare in Russia written by Michael Lokshin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does "empowerment" come hand-in-hand with higher economic welfare? In theory, higher income is likely to raise both power and welfare, but heterogeneity in other characteristics and household formation can either strengthen or weaken the relationship. Survey data on Russian adults indicate that higher individual and household incomes raise both self-rated power and welfare. The individual income effect is primarily direct, rather than through higher household income. There are diminishing returns to income, though income inequality emerges as only a minor factor reducing either aggregate power or welfare. At given income, the identified covariates have strikingly similar effects on power and welfare. There are some notable differences between men and women in perceived power. This paper - a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to explore broader measures of well-being.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Measuring Poverty and Deprivation by : Jacques Silber
Download or read book Research Handbook on Measuring Poverty and Deprivation written by Jacques Silber and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-03-02 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encompassing chapters that address both unidimensional and multidimensional poverty, this timely Research Handbook explores all aspects of poverty and deprivation measurement, not only detailing broad issues but also scrutinising specific domains and aspects of poverty, such as health, energy and housing. Its succinct and highly focussed chapters, written by a diverse range of authors, employ a combination of theoretical and empirical methodologies to offer well-rounded explorations of complex topics.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Global Poverty by : World Bank
Download or read book Monitoring Global Poverty written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2013, the World Bank Group announced two goals that would guide its operations worldwide. First is the eradication of chronic extreme poverty bringing the number of extremely poor people, defined as those living on less than 1.25 purchasing power parity (PPP)†“adjusted dollars a day, to less than 3 percent of the world’s population by 2030.The second is the boosting of shared prosperity, defined as promoting the growth of per capita real income of the poorest 40 percent of the population in each country. In 2015, United Nations member nations agreed in New York to a set of post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the first and foremost of which is the eradication of extreme poverty everywhere, in all its forms. Both the language and the spirit of the SDG objective reflect the growing acceptance of the idea that poverty is a multidimensional concept that reflects multiple deprivations in various aspects of well-being. That said, there is much less agreement on the best ways in which those deprivations should be measured, and on whether or how information on them should be aggregated. Monitoring Global Poverty: Report of the Commission on Global Poverty advises the World Bank on the measurement and monitoring of global poverty in two areas: What should be the interpretation of the definition of extreme poverty, set in 2015 in PPP-adjusted dollars a day per person? What choices should the Bank make regarding complementary monetary and nonmonetary poverty measures to be tracked and made available to policy makers? The World Bank plays an important role in shaping the global debate on combating poverty, and the indicators and data that the Bank collates and makes available shape opinion and actual policies in client countries, and, to a certain extent, in all countries. How we answer the above questions can therefore have a major influence on the global economy.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Poverty and Inequality by : Udaya R. Wagle
Download or read book Research Handbook on Poverty and Inequality written by Udaya R. Wagle and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering global, comparative, and single-country contexts, this Research Handbook presents wide-ranging, cutting-edge research on poverty and inequality. It maps out international trends in poverty and inequality and explores the key conceptual and operational frameworks, practical analyses, and policy applications and outcomes.
Book Synopsis Measuring Poverty by : Stephan Klasen
Download or read book Measuring Poverty written by Stephan Klasen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This impressive collection brings together the most important contributions by some of the leading scholars in the field of poverty measurement. It includes critical papers on what constitutes poverty and associated poverty measures, as well as conceptual and empirical approaches to set poverty lines for both national and international settings. The volume also discusses national and international income poverty measures, multidimensional poverty indices, and ways to capture poverty dynamics. With an original introduction by the editor, this collection will be an essential resource for scholars and students of development economics and social policy.
Book Synopsis Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018 by : World Bank
Download or read book Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank Group has two overarching goals: End extreme poverty by 2030 and promote shared prosperity by boosting the incomes of the bottom 40 percent of the population in each economy. As this year’s Poverty and Shared Prosperity report documents, the world continues to make progress toward these goals. In 2015, approximately one-tenth of the world’s population lived in extreme poverty, and the incomes of the bottom 40 percent rose in 77 percent of economies studied. But success cannot be taken for granted. Poverty remains high in Sub- Saharan Africa, as well as in fragile and conflict-affected states. At the same time, most of the world’s poor now live in middle-income countries, which tend to have higher national poverty lines. This year’s report tracks poverty comparisons at two higher poverty thresholds—$3.20 and $5.50 per day—which are typical of standards in lower- and upper-middle-income countries. In addition, the report introduces a societal poverty line based on each economy’s median income or consumption. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle also recognizes that poverty is not only about income and consumption—and it introduces a multidimensional poverty measure that adds other factors, such as access to education, electricity, drinking water, and sanitation. It also explores how inequality within households could affect the global profile of the poor. All these additional pieces enrich our understanding of the poverty puzzle, bringing us closer to solving it. For more information, please visit worldbank.org/PSP
Book Synopsis Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis by : Sabina Alkire
Download or read book Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis written by Sabina Alkire and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This working paper presents the normative, empirical, and policy motivations for focusing on multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis in general, and one measurement approach in particular. The fundamental normative motivation is to create effective measures that better reflect poor people's experience, so that policies using such measures reduce poverty. Such measures are needed because, empirically, income-poor households are (surprisingly) not well-matched to households carrying other basic deprivations like malnutrition; also the trends of income and non-income deprivations are not matched, and nor does growth ensure the reduction of social deprivations. And, a dashboard overlooks the interconnection between deprivations, which people experience and policies seek to address. Turning to policy, we close by discussing how the Alkire-Foster methodology we present in Working Paper 86 (“Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: Chapter 5 - The Alkire-Foster Counting Methology”) may be used.
Book Synopsis Intra-household Wealth Inequality and Economic Development by : Deepak Malgan
Download or read book Intra-household Wealth Inequality and Economic Development written by Deepak Malgan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While wealth inequality has attracted attention in the recent inequality literature, such inequalities within the most elementary social unit -- the household -- remain neglected. We develop an empirical framework for measuring intra-household wealth inequality. Using unique individual-level wealth data from Karnataka, India, we report how a third of overall wealth inequality is attributable to inequality within the household. A significant barrier to interpreting intra-household wealth inequalities is the public goods nature of several household assets. We overcome this limitation with a simple normative framework derived from the Atkinson index. While welfare measures are incommensurable across different households, welfare loss resulting from intra-household inequality are usefully compared across households. We report losses in aggregate welfare for plausible values of the Atkinson inequality aversion parameter. Recent work suggests a Gender Kuznets (GKC) hypothesis and finds evidence for a non-monotonic relationship between gender inequality and economic development in a country. We extend this literature in two ways. First, we propose a test of the GKC hypothesis at the sub-national level. We proxy economic development at the village level with satellite luminosity data (night lights) and find evidence for a non-monotonic relationship between women's wealth share at the village level and economic development. Second, we propose a micro-Kuznets hypothesis using intra-household wealth inequality. Results from micro data suggest a negative relationship between intra-household inequality and aggregate household wealth.
