How Data Happened A History From The Age Of Reason To The Age Of Algorithms

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How Data Happened: A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms

Author : Chris Wiggins
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 1324006749
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis How Data Happened: A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms by : Chris Wiggins

Download or read book How Data Happened: A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms written by Chris Wiggins and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Fascinating.” —Jill Lepore, The New Yorker A sweeping history of data and its technical, political, and ethical impact on our world. From facial recognition—capable of checking people into flights or identifying undocumented residents—to automated decision systems that inform who gets loans and who receives bail, each of us moves through a world determined by data-empowered algorithms. But these technologies didn’t just appear: they are part of a history that goes back centuries, from the census enshrined in the US Constitution to the birth of eugenics in Victorian Britain to the development of Google search. Expanding on the popular course they created at Columbia University, Chris Wiggins and Matthew L. Jones illuminate the ways in which data has long been used as a tool and a weapon in arguing for what is true, as well as a means of rearranging or defending power. They explore how data was created and curated, as well as how new mathematical and computational techniques developed to contend with that data serve to shape people, ideas, society, military operations, and economies. Although technology and mathematics are at its heart, the story of data ultimately concerns an unstable game among states, corporations, and people. How were new technical and scientific capabilities developed; who supported, advanced, or funded these capabilities or transitions; and how did they change who could do what, from what, and to whom? Wiggins and Jones focus on these questions as they trace data’s historical arc, and look to the future. By understanding the trajectory of data—where it has been and where it might yet go—Wiggins and Jones argue that we can understand how to bend it to ends that we collectively choose, with intentionality and purpose.

The Age of Algorithms

Author : Serge Abiteboul
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108655947
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The Age of Algorithms by : Serge Abiteboul

Download or read book The Age of Algorithms written by Serge Abiteboul and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algorithms are probably the most sophisticated tools that people have had at their disposal since the beginnings of human history. They have transformed science, industry, society. They upset the concepts of work, property, government, private life, even humanity. Going easily from one extreme to the other, we rejoice that they make life easier for us, but fear that they will enslave us. To get beyond this vision of good vs evil, this book takes a new look at our time, the age of algorithms. Creations of the human spirit, algorithms are what we made them. And they will be what we want them to be: it's up to us to choose the world we want to live in.

What Algorithms Want

Author : Ed Finn
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262035928
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis What Algorithms Want by : Ed Finn

Download or read book What Algorithms Want written by Ed Finn and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gap between theoretical ideas and messy reality, as seen in Neal Stephenson, Adam Smith, and Star Trek. We depend on—we believe in—algorithms to help us get a ride, choose which book to buy, execute a mathematical proof. It's as if we think of code as a magic spell, an incantation to reveal what we need to know and even what we want. Humans have always believed that certain invocations—the marriage vow, the shaman's curse—do not merely describe the world but make it. Computation casts a cultural shadow that is shaped by this long tradition of magical thinking. In this book, Ed Finn considers how the algorithm—in practical terms, “a method for solving a problem”—has its roots not only in mathematical logic but also in cybernetics, philosophy, and magical thinking. Finn argues that the algorithm deploys concepts from the idealized space of computation in a messy reality, with unpredictable and sometimes fascinating results. Drawing on sources that range from Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash to Diderot's Encyclopédie, from Adam Smith to the Star Trek computer, Finn explores the gap between theoretical ideas and pragmatic instructions. He examines the development of intelligent assistants like Siri, the rise of algorithmic aesthetics at Netflix, Ian Bogost's satiric Facebook game Cow Clicker, and the revolutionary economics of Bitcoin. He describes Google's goal of anticipating our questions, Uber's cartoon maps and black box accounting, and what Facebook tells us about programmable value, among other things. If we want to understand the gap between abstraction and messy reality, Finn argues, we need to build a model of “algorithmic reading” and scholarship that attends to process, spearheading a new experimental humanities.

An Ed-Tech Tragedy?

Author : UNESCO
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231006118
Total Pages : 653 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis An Ed-Tech Tragedy? by : UNESCO

Download or read book An Ed-Tech Tragedy? written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Eye of the Master

Author : Matteo Pasquinelli
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1788730070
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (887 download)

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Book Synopsis The Eye of the Master by : Matteo Pasquinelli

Download or read book The Eye of the Master written by Matteo Pasquinelli and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is AI? A dominant view describes it as the quest "to solve intelligence" - a solution supposedly to be found in the secret logic of the mind or in the deep physiology of the brain, such as in its complex neural networks. The Eye of the Master argues, to the contrary, that the inner code of AI is shaped not by the imitation of biological intelligence, but the intelligence of labour and social relations, as it is found in Babbage's "calculating engines" of the industrial age as well as in the recent algorithms for image recognition and surveillance. The idea that AI may one day become autonomous (or "sentient", as someone thought of Google's LaMDA) is pure fantasy. Computer algorithms have always imitated the form of social relations and the organisation of labour in their own inner structure and their purpose remains blind automation. The Eye of the Master urges a new literacy on AI for scientists, journalists and new generations of activists, who should recognise that the "mystery" of AI is just the automation of labour at the highest degree, not intelligence per se.

The Ordinal Society

Author : Marion Fourcade
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674971140
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ordinal Society by : Marion Fourcade

Download or read book The Ordinal Society written by Marion Fourcade and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2024 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizations now measure and rank nearly every aspect of our lives, using data to make predictions about our purchasing power, tastes, and character. The Ordinal Society shows how these predictions structure life chances, producing a hollow morality that launders familiar forms of social advantage into an illusion of merit.

The Venture Alchemists

Author : Rob Lalka
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231558333
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Venture Alchemists by : Rob Lalka

Download or read book The Venture Alchemists written by Rob Lalka and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-14 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We once idolized tech entrepreneurs for creating innovations that seemed like modern miracles. Yet our faith has been shattered. We now blame them for spreading lies, breaking laws, and causing chaos. Yesterday’s Silicon Valley darlings have become today’s Big Tech villains. Which is it? Are they superheroes or scoundrels? Or is it more complicated, some blend of both? In The Venture Alchemists, Rob Lalka demystifies how tech entrepreneurs built empires that made trillions. Meta started as a cruel Halloween prank, Alphabet began as a master’s thesis that warned against corporate deception, and Palantir came from a campus controversy over hateful speech. These largely forgotten origin stories show how ordinary fears and youthful ambitions shaped their ventures—making each tech tale relatable, both wonderfully and tragically human. Readers learn about the adversities tech entrepreneurs overcame, the troubling tradeoffs they made, and the tremendous power they now wield. Using leaked documents and previously unpublished archival material, Lalka takes readers inside Big Tech’s worst exploitations and abuses, alongside many good intentions and moral compromises. But this story remains unfinished, and The Venture Alchemists ultimately offers hope from the people who, decades ago, warned about the risks of the emerging Internet. Their insights illuminate a path toward more responsible innovations, so that technologies aren’t dangerous weapons but valuable tools that ensure progress, improve society, and enhance our daily lives.

Building SimCity

Author : Chaim Gingold
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262377586
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Building SimCity by : Chaim Gingold

Download or read book Building SimCity written by Chaim Gingold and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deep dive into the trailblazing simulation game SimCity, situating it in the history of games, simulation, and computing. Building SimCity explores the history of computer simulation by chronicling one of the most influential simulation games ever made: SimCity. As author Chaim Gingold explains, Will Wright, the visionary designer behind the urban planning game, created SimCity in part to learn about cities, appropriating ideas from traditions in which computers are used as tools for modeling and thinking about the world as a complex system. As such, SimCity is a microcosm of the histories and cultures of computer simulation that engages with questions, themes, and representational techniques that reach back to the earliest computer simulations. Gingold uses SimCity to explore a web of interrelated topics in the history of technology, software, and simulation, taking us far and wide—from the dawn of programmable computers to miniature cities made of construction paper and role-play. An unprecedented history of Maxis, the company founded to bring SimCity to market, the book reveals Maxis’s complex relations with venture capitalists, Nintendo, and the Santa Fe Institute, which shaped the evolution of Will Wright’s career; Maxis’s failure to back The Sims to completion; and the company’s sale to Electronic Arts. A lavishly visual book, Building SimCity boasts a treasure trove of visual matter to help bring its wide-ranging subjects to life, including painstakingly crafted diagrams that explain SimCity’s operation, the Kodachrome photographs taken by Charles Eames of schoolchildren making model cities, and Nintendo’s manga-style “Dr. Wright” character design, just to name a few.

Automating the News

Author : Nicholas Diakopoulos
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674239318
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Automating the News by : Nicholas Diakopoulos

Download or read book Automating the News written by Nicholas Diakopoulos and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From hidden connections in big data to bots spreading fake news, journalism is increasingly computer-generated. Nicholas Diakopoulos explains the present and future of a world in which algorithms have changed how the news is created, disseminated, and received, and he shows why journalists—and their values—are at little risk of being replaced.

Big Data

Author : Wolfgang Pietsch
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781108706698
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (66 download)

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Book Synopsis Big Data by : Wolfgang Pietsch

Download or read book Big Data written by Wolfgang Pietsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Big Data and methods for analyzing large data sets such as machine learning have in recent times deeply transformed scientific practice in many fields. However, an epistemological study of these novel tools is still largely lacking. After a conceptual analysis of the notion of data and a brief introduction into the methodological dichotomy between inductivism and hypothetico-deductivism, several controversial theses regarding big data approaches are discussed. These include, whether correlation replaces causation, whether the end of theory is in sight and whether big data approaches constitute entirely novel scientific methodology. In this Element, I defend an inductivist view of big data research and argue that the type of induction employed by the most successful big data algorithms is variational induction in the tradition of Mill's methods. Based on this insight, the before-mentioned epistemological issues can be systematically addressed.

Information

Author : Ann Blair
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691179549
Total Pages : 902 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Information by : Ann Blair

Download or read book Information written by Ann Blair and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Information technology shapes nearly every part of modern life, and debates about information--its meaning, effects, and applications--are central to a range of fields, from economics, technology, and politics to library science, media studies, and cultural studies. This rich, unique resource traces the history of information with an approach designed to draw connections across fields and perspectives, and provide essential context for our current age of information. Clear, accessible, and authoritative, the book opens with a series of articles that provide a narrative history of information from premodern practices to twenty-first-century information culture. This section focuses on major developments in the creation, storage, search, exchange, management, and manipulation of information, as well as the many meanings and uses of information over time. Coverage spans Europe, North America, and many other places and periods, including the medieval Islamic world and early modern East Asia, as well as the emergence of global networks. A second, alphabetical section includes more than 100 concise articles that cover specific concepts (e.g., data, intellectual property, privacy); formats and genres (books, databases, maps, newspapers, scrolls, social media); people (archivists, diplomats and spies, readers, secretaries, teachers); practices (censorship, forecasting, learning, surveilling, translating); processes (digitization, quantification, storage and search); systems (bureaucracy, platforms, telecommunications); technologies (algorithms, cameras, computers), and much more. The book concludes with an informative glossary, defining terms from "analog/digital" to "World Wide Web.""--

The Dream Machine

Author : Jon Palfreman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Dream Machine by : Jon Palfreman

Download or read book The Dream Machine written by Jon Palfreman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the rise of computer technology, and tells the stories of the scientists, engineers, visionaries, and others whose efforts developed the complex machines.

Data Lives

Author : Kitchin, Rob
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1529215153
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Data Lives by : Kitchin, Rob

Download or read book Data Lives written by Kitchin, Rob and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2021-02-03 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The word ‘data’ has entered everyday conversation, but do we really understand what it means? How can we begin to grasp the scope and scale of our new data-rich world, and can we truly comprehend what is at stake? In Data Lives, renowned social scientist Rob Kitchin explores the intricacies of data creation and charts how data-driven technologies have become essential to how society, government and the economy work. Creatively blending scholarly analysis, biography and fiction, he demonstrates how data are shaped by social and political forces, and the extent to which they influence our daily lives. He reveals our data world to be one of potential danger, but also of hope.

Revolutionary Mathematics

Author : Justin Joque
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1788734009
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (887 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolutionary Mathematics by : Justin Joque

Download or read book Revolutionary Mathematics written by Justin Joque and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the revolution in statistics that gave rise to artificial intelligence and predictive algorithms refiguring contemporary capitalism. Our finances, politics, media, opportunities, information, shopping and knowledge production are mediated through algorithms and their statistical approaches to knowledge; increasingly, these methods form the organizational backbone of contemporary capitalism. Revolutionary Mathematics traces the revolution in statistics and probability that has quietly underwritten the explosion of machine learning, big data and predictive algorithms that now decide many aspects of our lives. Exploring shifts in the philosophical understanding of probability in the late twentieth century, Joque shows how this was not merely a technical change but a wholesale philosophical transformation in the production of knowledge and the extraction of value. This book provides a new and unique perspective on the dangers of allowing artificial intelligence and big data to manage society. It is essential reading for those who want to understand the underlying ideological and philosophical changes that have fueled the rise of algorithms and convinced so many to blindly trust their outputs, reshaping our current political and economic situation.

Machine Habitus

Author : Massimo Airoldi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509543295
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Machine Habitus by : Massimo Airoldi

Download or read book Machine Habitus written by Massimo Airoldi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We commonly think of society as made of and by humans, but with the proliferation of machine learning and AI technologies, this is clearly no longer the case. Billions of automated systems tacitly contribute to the social construction of reality by drawing algorithmic distinctions between the visible and the invisible, the relevant and the irrelevant, the likely and the unlikely – on and beyond platforms. Drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, this book develops an original sociology of algorithms as social agents, actively participating in social life. Through a wide range of examples, Massimo Airoldi shows how society shapes algorithmic code, and how this culture in the code guides the practical behaviour of the code in the culture, shaping society in turn. The ‘machine habitus’ is the generative mechanism at work throughout myriads of feedback loops linking humans with artificial social agents, in the context of digital infrastructures and pre-digital social structures. Machine Habitus will be of great interest to students and scholars in sociology, media and cultural studies, science and technology studies and information technology, and to anyone interested in the growing role of algorithms and AI in our social and cultural life.

Decoding the City

Author : Dietmar Offenhuber
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3038213926
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis Decoding the City by : Dietmar Offenhuber

Download or read book Decoding the City written by Dietmar Offenhuber and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2014-09-05 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MIT based SENSEable City Lab under Carlo Ratti is one of the research centers that deal with the flow of people and goods, but also of refuse that moves around the world. Experience with large-scale infrastructure projects suggest that more complex and above all flexible answers must be sought to questions of transportation or disposal. This edition, edited by Dietmar Offenhuber and Carlo Ratti, shows how Big Data change reality and, hence, the way we deal with the city. It discusses the impact of real-time data on architecture and urban planning, using examples developed in the SENSEable City Lab. They demonstrate how the Lab interprets digital data as material that can be used for the formulation of a different urban future. It also looks at the negative aspects of the city-related data acquisition and control. The authors address issues with which urban planning disciplines will work intensively in the future: questions that not only radically and critically review, but also change fundamentally, the existing tasks and how the professions view their own roles.

Introduction to Discrete-time Signals and Systems

Author : R.I. Damper
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780412476501
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (765 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Discrete-time Signals and Systems by : R.I. Damper

Download or read book Introduction to Discrete-time Signals and Systems written by R.I. Damper and published by Springer. This book was released on 1995-06-30 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an introduction to digital signal processing for intermediate level students of electronic and/or electrical engineering and is also relevant to other disciplines which deal with time-series analysis: these include acoustics, mathematics, statistics, psychology and economics.