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Housing And Its Impact On Health Outcomes For Populations With And At Risk Of Complex Care Needs
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Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Housing and Its Impact on Health Outcomes for Populations with (and at Risk Of) Complex Care Needs by : Toronto Central Local Health Integration Network (Ont.)
Download or read book Housing and Its Impact on Health Outcomes for Populations with (and at Risk Of) Complex Care Needs written by Toronto Central Local Health Integration Network (Ont.) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309477077 Total Pages :227 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Permanent Supportive Housing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Permanent Supportive Housing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed. Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs.
Book Synopsis Housing and Its Impact on Health Outcomes for Populations with (and at Risk Of) Complex Care Needs by :
Download or read book Housing and Its Impact on Health Outcomes for Populations with (and at Risk Of) Complex Care Needs written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To address the housing challenges and related health problems of people with complex care needs and those at risk of developing complex care needs in Toronto, SAC has identified 14 actionable opportunities for governments, the housing and health sector and the private sector. [...] The purpose of this policy brief is to provide governments at all levels and across ministries and sectors with information on: housing and health outcomes; the mismatch between housing resources and needs in Toronto; and how the alignment of systems, planning, funding, policy and service delivery can address these challenges. [...] Other individuals with complex care needs and those at risk of developing complex care needs require varying levels and types of housing and community supports to maintain their health and independence. [...] Funding for housing and support programs should reflect the philosophy of the Housing First model; and 8. Healthcare, housing and support sectors working together to standardize assessment tools that will effectively identify, monitor and adjust supports to accommodate people's growing and changing needs48. [...] Incentives and directives from the City of Toronto and MMAH to assist the private sector and the public sector to more effectively and efficiently create new affordable housing stock.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030946921X Total Pages :161 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-02 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide benefits based on disability: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This report analyzes health care utilizations as they relate to impairment severity and SSA's definition of disability. Health Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination identifies types of utilizations that might be good proxies for "listing-level" severity; that is, what represents an impairment, or combination of impairments, that are severe enough to prevent a person from doing any gainful activity, regardless of age, education, or work experience.
Author :National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309685061 Total Pages : pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (85 download)
Book Synopsis The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Download or read book The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and work at the intersection of health, education, and communities. Nurses work in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels. They are often the first and most frequent line of contact with people of all backgrounds and experiences seeking care and they represent the largest of the health care professions. A nation cannot fully thrive until everyone - no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they make - can live their healthiest possible life, and helping people live their healthiest life is and has always been the essential role of nurses. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. Accordingly, at the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on behalf of the National Academy of Medicine, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study aimed at envisioning and charting a path forward for the nursing profession to help reduce inequities in people's ability to achieve their full health potential. The ultimate goal is the achievement of health equity in the United States built on strengthened nursing capacity and expertise. By leveraging these attributes, nursing will help to create and contribute comprehensively to equitable public health and health care systems that are designed to work for everyone. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity explores how nurses can work to reduce health disparities and promote equity, while keeping costs at bay, utilizing technology, and maintaining patient and family-focused care into 2030. This work builds on the foundation set out by The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) report.
Book Synopsis The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309477042 Total Pages :227 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Permanent Supportive Housing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Permanent Supportive Housing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-08-11 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed. Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs.
Book Synopsis Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have always been homeless people in the United States, but their plight has only recently stirred widespread public reaction and concern. Part of this new recognition stems from the problem's prevalence: the number of homeless individuals, while hard to pin down exactly, is rising. In light of this, Congress asked the Institute of Medicine to find out whether existing health care programs were ignoring the homeless or delivering care to them inefficiently. This book is the report prepared by a committee of experts who examined these problems through visits to city slums and impoverished rural areas, and through an analysis of papers written by leading scholars in the field.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309493439 Total Pages :195 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation's Health was released in September 2019, before the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020. Improving social conditions remains critical to improving health outcomes, and integrating social care into health care delivery is more relevant than ever in the context of the pandemic and increased strains placed on the U.S. health care system. The report and its related products ultimately aim to help improve health and health equity, during COVID-19 and beyond. The consistent and compelling evidence on how social determinants shape health has led to a growing recognition throughout the health care sector that improving health and health equity is likely to depend â€" at least in part â€" on mitigating adverse social determinants. This recognition has been bolstered by a shift in the health care sector towards value-based payment, which incentivizes improved health outcomes for persons and populations rather than service delivery alone. The combined result of these changes has been a growing emphasis on health care systems addressing patients' social risk factors and social needs with the aim of improving health outcomes. This may involve health care systems linking individual patients with government and community social services, but important questions need to be answered about when and how health care systems should integrate social care into their practices and what kinds of infrastructure are required to facilitate such activities. Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation's Health examines the potential for integrating services addressing social needs and the social determinants of health into the delivery of health care to achieve better health outcomes. This report assesses approaches to social care integration currently being taken by health care providers and systems, and new or emerging approaches and opportunities; current roles in such integration by different disciplines and organizations, and new or emerging roles and types of providers; and current and emerging efforts to design health care systems to improve the nation's health and reduce health inequities.
Book Synopsis The Role of Human Factors in Home Health Care by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Role of Human Factors in Home Health Care written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-11-14 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid growth of home health care has raised many unsolved issues and will have consequences that are far too broad for any one group to analyze in their entirety. Yet a major influence on the safety, quality, and effectiveness of home health care will be the set of issues encompassed by the field of human factors research-the discipline of applying what is known about human capabilities and limitations to the design of products, processes, systems, and work environments. To address these challenges, the National Research Council began a multidisciplinary study to examine a diverse range of behavioral and human factors issues resulting from the increasing migration of medical devices, technologies, and care practices into the home. Its goal is to lay the groundwork for a thorough integration of human factors research with the design and implementation of home health care devices, technologies, and practices. On October 1 and 2, 2009, a group of human factors and other experts met to consider a diverse range of behavioral and human factors issues associated with the increasing migration of medical devices, technologies, and care practices into the home. This book is a summary of that workshop, representing the culmination of the first phase of the study.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309391970 Total Pages :95 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Systems Practices for the Care of Socially At-Risk Populations by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Systems Practices for the Care of Socially At-Risk Populations written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-05-07 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) have been moving from volume-based, fee-for-service payment to value-based payment (VBP), which aims to improve health care quality, health outcomes, and patient care experiences, while also controlling costs. Since the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, CMS has implemented a variety of VBP strategies, including incentive programs and risk-based alternative payment models. Early evidence from these programs raised concerns about potential unintended consequences for health equity. Specifically, emerging evidence suggests that providers disproportionately serving patients with social risk factors for poor health outcomes (e.g., individuals with low socioeconomic position, racial and ethnic minorities, gender and sexual minorities, socially isolated persons, and individuals residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods) may be more likely to fare poorly on quality rankings and to receive financial penalties, and less likely to receive financial rewards. The drivers of these disparities are poorly understood, and differences in interpretation have led to divergent concerns about the potential effect of VBP on health equity. Some suggest that underlying differences in patient characteristics that are out of the control of providers lead to differences in health outcomes. At the same time, others are concerned that differences in outcomes between providers serving socially at-risk populations and providers serving the general population reflect disparities in the provision of health care. Systems Practices for the Care of Socially At-Risk Populations seeks to better distinguish the drivers of variations in performance among providers disproportionately serving socially at-risk populations and identifies methods to account for social risk factors in Medicare payment programs. This report identifies best practices of high-performing hospitals, health plans, and other providers that serve disproportionately higher shares of socioeconomically disadvantaged populations and compares those best practices of low-performing providers serving similar patient populations. It is the second in a series of five brief reports that aim to inform the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) analyses that account for social risk factors in Medicare payment programs mandated through the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation (IMPACT) Act.
Book Synopsis Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the devastation that follows a major disaster, there is a need for multiple sectors to unite and devote new resources to support the rebuilding of infrastructure, the provision of health and social services, the restoration of care delivery systems, and other critical recovery needs. In some cases, billions of dollars from public, private and charitable sources are invested to help communities recover. National rhetoric often characterizes these efforts as a "return to normal." But for many American communities, pre-disaster conditions are far from optimal. Large segments of the U.S. population suffer from preventable health problems, experience inequitable access to services, and rely on overburdened health systems. A return to pre-event conditions in such cases may be short-sighted given the high costs - both economic and social - of poor health. Instead, it is important to understand that the disaster recovery process offers a series of unique and valuable opportunities to improve on the status quo. Capitalizing on these opportunities can advance the long-term health, resilience, and sustainability of communities - thereby better preparing them for future challenges. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters identifies and recommends recovery practices and novel programs most likely to impact overall community public health and contribute to resiliency for future incidents. This book makes the case that disaster recovery should be guided by a healthy community vision, where health considerations are integrated into all aspects of recovery planning before and after a disaster, and funding streams are leveraged in a coordinated manner and applied to health improvement priorities in order to meet human recovery needs and create healthy built and natural environments. The conceptual framework presented in Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters lays the groundwork to achieve this goal and provides operational guidance for multiple sectors involved in community planning and disaster recovery. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters calls for actions at multiple levels to facilitate recovery strategies that optimize community health. With a shared healthy community vision, strategic planning that prioritizes health, and coordinated implementation, disaster recovery can result in a communities that are healthier, more livable places for current and future generations to grow and thrive - communities that are better prepared for future adversities.
Book Synopsis Retooling for an Aging America by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Retooling for an Aging America written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first of the nation's 78 million baby boomers begin reaching age 65 in 2011, they will face a health care workforce that is too small and woefully unprepared to meet their specific health needs. Retooling for an Aging America calls for bold initiatives starting immediately to train all health care providers in the basics of geriatric care and to prepare family members and other informal caregivers, who currently receive little or no training in how to tend to their aging loved ones. The book also recommends that Medicare, Medicaid, and other health plans pay higher rates to boost recruitment and retention of geriatric specialists and care aides. Educators and health professional groups can use Retooling for an Aging America to institute or increase formal education and training in geriatrics. Consumer groups can use the book to advocate for improving the care for older adults. Health care professional and occupational groups can use it to improve the quality of health care jobs.
Book Synopsis Health Care Comes Home by : National Research Council
Download or read book Health Care Comes Home written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-22 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, health care devices, technologies, and practices are rapidly moving into the home. The factors driving this migration include the costs of health care, the growing numbers of older adults, the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and diseases and improved survival rates for people with those conditions and diseases, and a wide range of technological innovations. The health care that results varies considerably in its safety, effectiveness, and efficiency, as well as in its quality and cost. Health Care Comes Home reviews the state of current knowledge and practice about many aspects of health care in residential settings and explores the short- and long-term effects of emerging trends and technologies. By evaluating existing systems, the book identifies design problems and imbalances between technological system demands and the capabilities of users. Health Care Comes Home recommends critical steps to improve health care in the home. The book's recommendations cover the regulation of health care technologies, proper training and preparation for people who provide in-home care, and how existing housing can be modified and new accessible housing can be better designed for residential health care. The book also identifies knowledge gaps in the field and how these can be addressed through research and development initiatives. Health Care Comes Home lays the foundation for the integration of human health factors with the design and implementation of home health care devices, technologies, and practices. The book describes ways in which the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and federal housing agencies can collaborate to improve the quality of health care at home. It is also a valuable resource for residential health care providers and caregivers.
Book Synopsis Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing - E-Book by : Marcia Stanhope
Download or read book Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing - E-Book written by Marcia Stanhope and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the essentials of health promotion in community and public health nursing! Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 6th Edition provides clear, concise coverage of the nurse’s role in preventing disease, promoting health, and providing health education in community settings. Case studies and critical thinking activities make it easier to apply concepts to community nursing practice. New to this edition are Healthy People 2030 guidelines and coverage of the latest issues, trends, and approaches. Written by well-known nursing educators Marcia Stanhope and Jeanette Lancaster, this streamlined text covers the fundamentals of designing effective nursing strategies for vulnerable and special populations. Focus on health promotion throughout the text emphasizes initiatives, strategies, and interventions that promote the health of the community. QSEN boxes illustrate how quality and safety goals, competencies, objectives, knowledge, skills, and attitudes can be applied in nursing practice in the community. Levels of Prevention boxes identify specific nursing interventions at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, reinforcing the concept of prevention as it relates to community and public health care. Applying Content to Practice boxes highlight how chapter content is applied to nursing practice in the community. Practice Application scenarios present practice situations with questions and answers to help you apply concepts to community practice. Genomics coverage provides a history of genetics and genomics and how they impact public/community health nursing care. Coverage of ongoing health care reform issues includes the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) on public health nursing. Evidence-Based Practice boxes highlight current research findings, their application to practice, and how community/public health nurses can apply the study results. NEW! COVID-19 pandemic information has been added. NEW! Healthy People 2030 objectives are highlighted throughout the book, addressing the health priorities and emerging health issues expected in the next decade. NEW! Updated content and figures reflect the most current data, issues, trends, and practices. NEW! Expanded Check Your Practice boxes use Clinical Judgment (Next Generation NCLEX®) steps to guide your thinking about practice scenarios.
Book Synopsis Population-Based Public Health Clinical Manual, Fourth Edition: Using EBP to Transform Policy in Nursing and Healthcare by : Patricia M. Schoon
Download or read book Population-Based Public Health Clinical Manual, Fourth Edition: Using EBP to Transform Policy in Nursing and Healthcare written by Patricia M. Schoon and published by Sigma Theta Tau. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This 4th edition is an invaluable resource for PHN educators, students, and practitioners. Authoritative and practical, this volume reflects the authors’ solid understanding of public health nursing practice today. The reality-based insights and much-needed guidance about population health and public health nursing place this book in the forefront of educational resources for public health and community health nursing educators.” – Marla E. Salmon, ScD, RN, FAAN Professor, Nursing and Global Health Affiliate Professor, Governance and Public Policy University of Washington Population-Based Public Health Clinical Manual: The Henry Street Model for Nurses has proven to be one of the most important public health texts for students and practitioners alike. Focused on developing evidence-based public health nursing practice in diverse settings, and built on the framework of the Henry Street Consortium’s 13 competencies for population-based, entry-level public health nursing, this new, full-color fourth edition is fully revised and updated to support readers’ exploration of the field of public health nursing and the unique responsibilities and challenges that come with being a public health nurse. TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I: Foundational Concepts for Public Health Nursing Practice Chapter 1: Introduction to Public Health Nursing Practice Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Public Health Nursing Practice Part II: Entry-Level Population-Based Public Health Nursing Competencies Chapter 3: COMPETENCY 1: Applies the Public Health Nursing Process to Individuals, Families, Communities, and Systems Chapter 4: COMPETENCY 2: Utilizes Basic Epidemiological Principles in Public Health Nursing Practice Chapter 5: COMPETENCY 3: Utilizes the Principles and Science of Environmental Health to Promote Safe and Sustainable Environments for Individuals, Families, Communities, and Systems Chapter 6: COMPETENCY 4: Practices Public Health Nursing Within the Auspices of the Nurse Practice Act Chapter 7: COMPETENCY 5: Works Within the Responsibility and Authority of the Governmental Public Health System Chapter 8: COMPETENCY 6: Utilizes Collaboration to Achieve Public Health Goals Chapter 9: COMPETENCY 7: Effectively Communicates With Individuals, Families, Communities, and Systems Chapter 10: COMPETENCY 8: Establishes and Maintains Caring Relationships With Individuals, Families, Communities, and Systems Chapter 11: COMPETENCY 9: Incorporates Mental, Physical, Emotional, Social, Spiritual, and Environmental Aspects of Health Into Assessment, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation Chapter 12: COMPETENCY 10: Demonstrates Nonjudgmental and Unconditional Acceptance of People Different From Self Chapter 13: COMPETENCY 11: Shows Evidence of Commitment to Social Justice, the Greater Good, Reducing Racial and Health Disparities, and Increasing Health Equity Chapter 14: COMPETENCY 12: Demonstrates Leadership in Public Health Nursing Practices With Individuals and Families, Communities, and Systems Chapter 15: COMPETENCY 13: Promotes, Assesses, and Coordinates Population Health at the Individual, Family, Community, and Systems Levels of Practice to Create Healthier Individuals, Families, Populations, and Communities Chapter 16: Putting It All Together: What It Means to Be a Public Health Nurse Part III: Appendices Appendix A: Entry-Level Population-Based Public Health Nursing (PHN) Competencies for the New Graduate or Novice Public Health Nurse Appendix B: Omaha System Appendix C: Chapter 15 Population Health Exemplar Appendix D: Spotlight: Population Health Appendix E: Spotlight: Population Health Outreach ABOUT THE AUTHORS Patricia M. Schoon, DNP, MPH, RN, PHN, is a tenured Associate Professor at Metropolitan State University in St. Paul, Minnesota. She is a founding member of the Henry Street Consortium and has taught nursing and public health for almost 50 years. Carolyn M. Porta, PhD, MPH, RN, PHN, SANE-A, FAAN, FNAP, is an Associate Vice President for Clinical Affairs at the University of Minnesota and a tenured Professor in the School of Nursing. She holds adjunct faculty appointments in the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota, the Kaohsiung Medical University School of Nursing, and the Manipal Academy of Higher Education School of Nursing.