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History Of The Introduction Of Lithium Into Medicine And Psychiatry
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Book Synopsis History of the Introduction of Lithium Into Medicine and Psychiatry by : Johan Schioldann
Download or read book History of the Introduction of Lithium Into Medicine and Psychiatry written by Johan Schioldann and published by . This book was released on 2009-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the history of lithium therapy back to the 1800s. It contests the notion that the Australian man John Cade, who pioneered lithium therapy in Australia in the 1940s, was the first man to use the therapy. Tracing the history of lithium therapy, and evaluating Cade's research and potential breadth of reading and resources, the author comes to the conclusion that Cade was aware of previous writings on the topic but never acknowledged it. Cade has therefore become known as the 'pioneer' of this therapy, incorrectly.
Book Synopsis Lithium in Psychiatry in Historical Perspective by : Jules Angst
Download or read book Lithium in Psychiatry in Historical Perspective written by Jules Angst and published by Inhn Publisher. This book was released on 2021-12-19 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium in Historical Perspective is a collection of selected papers from INHN's. To provide readily accessible information on the history of the substance, the postings are presented in eight chapters: 1. Discovery, 2. Introduction, 3. Verification, 4. Controversy, 5. Re-evaluation, 6. Safety, 7. Action and 8. Indications. The potential use of lithium in "mania" was discovered by William T. Hammond and in "periodic depression" by Carl Lange in the19th century. There are two postings relevant to this topic: Johan Schioldann's comment on William Hammond and Carl Lange's speech, "On Periodical Depressions and Their Pathogenesis," in Schioldann's translation from Danish into English. Instrumental to the introduction of lithium was Edward Trautner's determination of an effective dose range in which Lithium can be safely administered. There are four contributions relevant to this topic: John Cade's and Trautner's biographies, by Samuel Gershon; Gershon's autobiographic account, "Events and Memories"; and Gershon's "Lithium History." The therapeutic effect of Lithium in "mania" was verified by Mogens Schou in the mid-1950s. There are three relevant to this topic: Mogens Schou's autobiography, and Grof's and Rybakowski's comments on it. Acceptance of lithium was delayed by a controversy in the mid-1960s about its prophylactic effect. There are four contributions in the collection relevant to this topic: Barry Blackwell's essay, "The lithium controversy, a historical autopsy"; Paul Grof's and Jules Angst's comments on it; and Blackwell's reply to both. In the 1980s lithium was re-evaluated and its place in treatment consolidated. There are three papers on this topic: Grof's comment, "More hindsight thought," on Blackwell's comments on Schou's "My journey with lithium"; Blackwell's review of Schioldann's "History of the Introduction of Lithium into Medicine and Psychiatry: Birth of Modern Psychopharmacology 1949"; and Schioldann's comment on Blackwell's review. With the prolonged use of the substance its anti-vasopressin action, causing polyuria and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in vulnerable patients had become a safety concern. Spearheaded by the research of Radó, by the end of the second decade of the 21st-century renal toxicity of lithium could be successfully treated and prevented. There are five essays by Radó included in this collection relevant to this topic: "Mechanism of lithium-induced polyuria in historical perspective"; "Calcitonin in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus"; "Renal toxicity of lithium in historical perspective with special reference to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus"; "Desmopressin may counteract polyuria in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Review of the literature"; and "Use of modern antidiuretic agents in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus." Throughout the years the mode of action of lithium has been extensively studied. Yet, in this selection, information on its possible mode of action is restricted to its effect on the "purinergic system" presented in two essays: Magda Malewska-Kasprzak, Agnieszka Permoda-Osip, and Rybakowski's treatise on the "Disturbances of the purinergic system in affective disorders and schizophrenia" and Rybakowski's "Additional information: A commentary on Walter Felber's paper on Lithium prevention of depression 100 years ago -- an ingenious misconception, published in 1987." The therapeutic indication of lithium extended after its introduction from the treatment of "manic excitement" to the acute, maintenance and prophylactic treatment of "manic-depressive psychosis," referred to by that time as "bipolar disorder" in consensus-based classifications. Finally, there are two essays by Thomas Ban: "Development of the diagnostic concept of Manic-Depressive Psychosis in Emil Kraepelin's classifications" and "From Emil Kraepelin's Manic-Depressive Psychosis to Karl Leonhard's Phasic and Cycloid
Book Synopsis The History of Lithium Therapy by : Frederick Neil Johnson
Download or read book The History of Lithium Therapy written by Frederick Neil Johnson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984-06-18 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lithium: A Doctor, a Drug, and a Breakthrough by : Walter A. Brown
Download or read book Lithium: A Doctor, a Drug, and a Breakthrough written by Walter A. Brown and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The remarkable untold story of a miracle drug, the forgotten pioneer who discovered it, and the fight to bring lithium to the masses. The DNA double helix, penicillin, the X-ray, insulin—these are routinely cited as some of the most important medical discoveries of the twentieth century. And yet, the 1949 discovery of lithium as a cure for bipolar disorder is perhaps one of the most important—yet largely unsung—breakthroughs of the modern era. In Lithium, Walter Brown, a practicing psychiatrist and professor at Brown, reveals two unlikely success stories: that of John Cade, the physician whose discovery would come to save an untold number of lives and launch a pharmacological revolution, and that of a miraculous metal rescued from decades of stigmatization. From insulin comas and lobotomy to incarceration to exile, Brown chronicles the troubling history of the diagnosis and (often ineffective) treatment of bipolar disorder through the centuries, before the publication of a groundbreaking research paper in 1949. Cade’s “Lithium Salts in the Treatment of Psychotic Excitement” described, for the first time, lithium’s astonishing efficacy at both treating and preventing the recurrence of manic-depressive episodes, and would eventually transform the lives of patients, pharmaceutical researchers, and practicing physicians worldwide. And yet, as Brown shows, it would be decades before lithium would overcome widespread stigmatization as a dangerous substance, and the resistance from the pharmaceutical industry, which had little incentive to promote a naturally occurring drug that could not be patented. With a vivid portrait of the story’s unlikely hero, John Cade, Brown also describes a devoted naturalist who, unlike many modern medical researchers, did not benefit from prestigious research training or big funding sources (Cade’s “laboratory” was the unused pantry of an isolated mental hospital). As Brown shows, however, these humble conditions were the secret to his historic success: Cade was free to follow his own restless curiosity, rather than answer to an external funding source. As Lithium makes tragically clear, medical research—at least in America—has transformed in such a way that serendipitous discoveries like Cade’s are unlikely to occur ever again. Recently described by the New York Times as the “Cinderella” of psychiatric drugs, lithium has saved countless of lives and billions of dollars in healthcare costs. In this revelatory biography of a drug and the man who fought for its discovery, Brown crafts a captivating picture of modern medical history—revealing just how close we came to passing over this extraordinary cure.
Book Synopsis The Science and Practice of Lithium Therapy by : Gin S. Malhi
Download or read book The Science and Practice of Lithium Therapy written by Gin S. Malhi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a clear and comprehensive guide to the clinical prescription of lithium that draws upon evidence-based knowledge of its mechanisms of action. The book is divided into two parts, on the science of lithium and the practice of lithium therapy. The former covers aspects such as the properties of the lithium ion, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, impact on neurotransmission, and gene expression modulation. The section on practice includes discussion of variability in response to lithium, use of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorders, its value in suicide prevention, administration during pregnancy and in the pediatric age group, and side effects. Lithium is arguably the only true mood stabilizer, and its multifaceted effects across many clinical domains have given rise to a resurgence of interest in recent years, fuelled by both researchers and clinicians. Nevertheless, its use remains constrained by exaggerated concerns about potential side-effects. In reality, lithium is a simple molecule that is relatively straightforward to administer and monitor and has potentially profound benefits at a fraction of the cost of contemporary agents. This book dispels the many myths and concerns that surround its use and will be of interest for clinicians and researchers worldwide, and those that are recipients of lithium therapy.
Download or read book Lithium written by Samuel Gershon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychopharmacology has certainly had the greatest impact on psy chiatric theory and practice since the psychoanalytic discoveries by Freud. Beginning more than 20 years ago, psychopharmacology has become a vigorous interdisciplinary science, and over the last 10 to 15 years has witnessed a tremendous growth both from a scientific and practical point of view. Lithium occupies a unique and central position in modern psycho pharmacology for several reasons. The introduction of the lithium ion in 1949 as a psychoactive drug preceded the advent of reserpine or chlorprom azine and placed it as the first agent in the modern era of pharmacopsy chiatry. In fact, this first report on the use of lithium by an Australian clinician set a pattern to be followed for all other major groups of psychoac tive chemical agents. Unlike the now established antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs, however, no reliable predictions based on preclinical pharmacological studies were available about the profile of lithium's clinical activity. This problem of clinical predictability based on current preclinical pharmacological studies is now surfacing with the advent of many newer investigational psychoactive agents. As in the introduction of other therapeutic modalities in medicine, including psychiatry, serendipity was the midwife for lithium. The use of this ion in psychiatry, from its fortuitous introduction by Cade in 1949 to its present-day acceptance as a universal treatment modality in the affective emotional disorders, presents, however, a clear example of a hapless lag between discovery and application.
Book Synopsis A History of Psychology by : William Douglas Woody
Download or read book A History of Psychology written by William Douglas Woody and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-19 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This seventh edition of A History of Psychology: The Emergence of Science and Applications traces the history of psychology from antiquity through the early twenty-first century, giving students a thorough look into psychology’s origins and key developments in basic and applied psychology. It presents internal, disciplinary history as well as external contextual history, emphasizing the interactions between psychological ideas and the larger cultural and historical contexts in which psychologists and other thinkers conduct research, teach, and live. It also has a strong scholarly foundation and more than 400 new references. This new edition retains and expands the strengths of previous editions and introduces several important changes. The text features more women, people of color, and others who are historically marginalized as well as new sections about early Black psychology and barriers faced by people who are diverse. It also includes expanded discussions of eugenics and racism in early psychology. There is new content on the history of the biological basis of psychology; the emergence of qualitative methods; and ecopsychology, ecotherapy, and environmental psychology. Recent historical findings about social psychology, including new historical findings about the Stanford Prison Experiment, Milgram’s obedience research, and Sherif’s conformity studies, have also been incorporated. Continuing the tradition of past editions, the text focuses on engaging students and inspiring them to recognize the power of history in their own lives, to connect history to the present and the future, and to think critically and historically.
Book Synopsis Lithium in Neuropsychiatry by : Michael Bauer
Download or read book Lithium in Neuropsychiatry written by Michael Bauer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-05-23 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive textbook on the use of lithium in the treatment of mental disorders, this comprehensive work provides an up-to-date analysis of lithium, including: History Clinical applications, including its use for mania, bipolar and schizophrenic disorders Use in special populations, for example in children, the elderly and people with medical conditions The effect on the body and behavior, including neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and dermatological effects, as well as those relating to the kidneys and thyroid Basic findings in pharmacology, chemistry, transport in the body, pharmacokinetics, signal transduction pathways, immune function, gene regulation. Practical issues, such as guidelines for safe use, discontinuation issues, compliance, intoxication, and economics. Edited by top experts from the International Group for the Study of Lithium Treated Patients (IGSLi), Lithium in Neuropsychiatry: A Comprehensive Guide is a unique and vital resource for psychiatrists, psychopharmacologists, psychotherapists and neuroscientists.
Book Synopsis Mind Fixers: Psychiatry's Troubled Search for the Biology of Mental Illness by : Anne Harrington
Download or read book Mind Fixers: Psychiatry's Troubled Search for the Biology of Mental Illness written by Anne Harrington and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mind Fixers tells the history of psychiatry’s quest to understand the biological basis of mental illness and asks where we need to go from here. In Mind Fixers, Anne Harrington, author of The Cure Within, explores psychiatry’s repeatedly frustrated struggle to understand mental disorder in biomedical terms. She shows how the stalling of early twentieth century efforts in this direction allowed Freudians and social scientists to insist, with some justification, that they had better ways of analyzing and fixing minds. But when the Freudians overreached, they drove psychiatry into a state of crisis that a new “biological revolution” was meant to alleviate. Harrington shows how little that biological revolution had to do with breakthroughs in science, and why the field has fallen into a state of crisis in our own time. Mind Fixers makes clear that psychiatry’s waxing and waning biological enthusiasms have been shaped not just by developments in the clinic and lab, but also by a surprising range of social factors, including immigration, warfare, grassroots activism, and assumptions about race and gender. Government programs designed to empty the state mental hospitals, acrid rivalries between different factions in the field, industry profit mongering, consumerism, and an uncritical media have all contributed to the story as well. In focusing particularly on the search for the biological roots of schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, Harrington underscores the high human stakes for the millions of people who have sought medical answers for their mental suffering. This is not just a story about doctors and scientists, but about countless ordinary people and their loved ones. A clear-eyed, evenhanded, and yet passionate tour de force, Mind Fixers recounts the past and present struggle to make mental illness a biological problem in order to lay the groundwork for creating a better future, both for those who suffer and for those whose job it is to care for them.
Book Synopsis Anatomy of an Epidemic by : Robert Whitaker
Download or read book Anatomy of an Epidemic written by Robert Whitaker and published by Crown. This book was released on 2010-04-13 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated with bonus material, including a new foreword and afterword with new research, this New York Times bestseller is essential reading for a time when mental health is constantly in the news. In this astonishing and startling book, award-winning science and history writer Robert Whitaker investigates a medical mystery: Why has the number of disabled mentally ill in the United States tripled over the past two decades? Interwoven with Whitaker’s groundbreaking analysis of the merits of psychiatric medications are the personal stories of children and adults swept up in this epidemic. As Anatomy of an Epidemic reveals, other societies have begun to alter their use of psychiatric medications and are now reporting much improved outcomes . . . so why can’t such change happen here in the United States? Why have the results from these long-term studies—all of which point to the same startling conclusion—been kept from the public? Our nation has been hit by an epidemic of disabling mental illness, and yet, as Anatomy of an Epidemic reveals, the medical blueprints for curbing that epidemic have already been drawn up. Praise for Anatomy of an Epidemic “The timing of Robert Whitaker’s Anatomy of an Epidemic, a comprehensive and highly readable history of psychiatry in the United States, couldn’t be better.”—Salon “Anatomy of an Epidemic offers some answers, charting controversial ground with mystery-novel pacing.”—TIME “Lucid, pointed and important, Anatomy of an Epidemic should be required reading for anyone considering extended use of psychiatric medicine. Whitaker is at the height of his powers.” —Greg Critser, author of Generation Rx
Book Synopsis Nutritional Lithium: a Cinderella Story by : James Greenblatt
Download or read book Nutritional Lithium: a Cinderella Story written by James Greenblatt and published by . This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a nation plagued with chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, a different predator is the single greatest reason for disability in the United States: mental disorders. Our fast-paced and frenetic lifestyle, coupled with a grossly polluted environment, has created the perfect breeding ground for mental instability. With the spread of brain disorders on the rise around the world, nutritional biochemistry and one of its stars, lithium, has stepped into the spotlight to offer proven methods to heal our bodies from the inside out. Historically linked to severe psychiatric illness, lithium as an agent of good health and well-being is often ignored and brushed aside. Known as the Cinderella drug, it is an essential mineral in our physical and psychological makeup. Lack of its presence in the body can result in poor brain development, psychiatric symptoms, and so on. When administered in small, controlled doses, lithium can significantly improve the lives of those suffering from mental disorders. Nutritional Lithium: A Cinderella Story illustrates the significance of this precious mineral not only as a nutrient vital to human development, but also as a nutritional component that can help millions of people worldwide.
Book Synopsis History of Psychopharmacology. the Revolution of Psychopharmacology: The Discovery and Development of Psychoactive Drugs. by : Francisco Lopez-Munoz
Download or read book History of Psychopharmacology. the Revolution of Psychopharmacology: The Discovery and Development of Psychoactive Drugs. written by Francisco Lopez-Munoz and published by . This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, with the introduction of new molecules into the arsenal of psychiatric therapy, the historical significance of classical psychotropic drugs to modern society has been lost. Keep in mind that its modern history is very short, born in the 1950s with the introduction of lithium, chlorpromazine, and imipramine, known as the "revolution of psychopharmacology." The purpose of this work it to review how psychoactive substances have been discovered, developed, and applied over the millennia. The text presents the drugs that are used in medicine, their origins, the principles of biological theories of mental disorders, and contribution of basic research.
Book Synopsis History of Psychopharmacology by : Francisco López-Muñoz
Download or read book History of Psychopharmacology written by Francisco López-Muñoz and published by NPP Books. This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 1936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, with the introduction of new molecules into the arsenal of psychiatric therapy, the historical significance of classical psychotropic drugs to modern society has been lost. Keep in mind that its modern history is very short, born in the 1950s with the introduction of lithium, chlorpromazine, and imipramine, known as the "revolution of psychopharmacology." The purpose of this work it to review how psychoactive substances have been discovered, developed, and applied over the millennia. The text presents the drugs that are used in medicine, their origins, the principles of biological theories of mental disorders, and contribution of basic research.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Lithium Therapy by : F.N. Johnson
Download or read book Handbook of Lithium Therapy written by F.N. Johnson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a medical student in the 1930s, I remember well that a very clear line of distinction was drawn between physical illness and mental illness. Physical illness resulted from pathology which could be identified and studied in detail and the cause could often be deduced. Treatment thus was often specific and based upon a proper appreciation of underlying basic science. Mental illness, on the other hand, could not, it was believed, be based upon identifiable changes in basic science. It was literally 'all in the mind' and, occurring in the absence of causes that could be identified, analysed and remedied, had no treatment that could in any way be called specific. N ow it is all too easy, in Medicine, for a doctor to become so immersed in a specialty that he fails to notice how his colleagues in other specialties are faring and, through laziness, to miss advances even of fundamental importance in fields other than those in which he himself works. As a consultant surgeon, after W orId War II, although I realized the importance of keeping in touch with those medical specialties which appeared to have a common interface with my own surgical interests, such as general medi cine, gastro-enterology, hepatology and endocrinology, it did not occur to me that there was any pressing need to ask what was new in Psychological Medicine.
Book Synopsis History of Psychology by : D. Brett King
Download or read book History of Psychology written by D. Brett King and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of Psychology: Ideas & Context, 5/e, traces psychological thought from antiquity through early 21st century advances, giving students a thorough look into psychology’s origins and development. This title provides in-depth coverage of intellectual trends, major systems of thought, and key developments in basic and applied psychology.
Download or read book Finding Sanity written by Greg de Moore and published by Allen & Unwin. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first biography of the ground breaking Australian doctor who discovered the first pharmacological treatment for mental illness. For most of human history, mental illness has been largely untreatable. Sufferers lived their lives - if they survived - in and out of asylums, accumulating life's wreckage around them. In 1948, all that changed when an Australian doctor and recently returned prisoner of war, working alone in a disused kitchen, set about an experimental treatment for one of the scourges of mankind - manic depression, or bipolar disorder. That doctor was John Cade and in that small kitchen he stirred up a miracle. John Cade discovered a treatment that has become the gold standard for bipolar disorder - lithium. It has stopped more people from committing suicide than a thousand help lines. Lithium is the penicillin story of mental health - the first effective medication discovered for the treatment of a mental illness - and it is, without doubt, Australia's greatest mental health story.
Book Synopsis Pharmacological Treatment of Mental Disorders in Primary Health Care by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Pharmacological Treatment of Mental Disorders in Primary Health Care written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual attempts to provide simple, adequate and evidence-based information to health care professionals in primary health care especially in low- and middle-income countries to be able to provide pharmacological treatment to persons with mental disorders. The manual contains basic principles of prescribing followed by chapters on medicines used in psychotic disorders; depressive disorders; bipolar disorders; generalized anxiety and sleep disorders; obsessive compulsive disorders and panic attacks; and alcohol and opioid dependence. The annexes provide information on evidence retrieval, assessment and synthesis and the peer view process.
