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History Of Grazing
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Book Synopsis Grazing Ecology and Forest History by : F. W. M. Vera
Download or read book Grazing Ecology and Forest History written by F. W. M. Vera and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a widely held belief that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the lowlands of Central and Western Europe before man intervened in prehistoric times to develop agriculture. If this intervention had not taken place, the forest would still be there, and if left the grassland vegetation and fields now present would revert to a natural closed forest state, although with a reduced number of wild species. This book, which an updated and expanded version of the author's 1997 thesis (presented to the Wageningen University, Netherlands), challenges the traditional view, using examples from history, pollen analyses and studies on the ecology of tree and shrub species such as oak and hazel. It tests the hypothesis that the climax vegetation is a closed canopy forest, against the alternative hypothesis that species composition and vegetational succession were governed by large herbivores, and that the Central and Western European lowlands were covered by a park-like landscape consisting of grasslands, scrub, solitary trees and groves bordered by a mantle and fringe vegetation. Comparative information from the eastern USA is also included throughout the book (this was not present in the thesis), because the forests there are commonly regarded as being analogous to the primeval vegetation in Europe. The book is arranged in 7 chapters: (1) General introduction and formulation of the problem; (2) Succession, the climax forest and the role of large herbivores; (3) Palynology, the forest as climax in prehistoric times and the effects of humans; (4) The use of the wilderness from the Middle Ages up to 1900; (5) Spontaneous succession in forest reserves in the lowlands of Western and Central Europe - including examples from France, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Sweden, Poland; (6) Establishment of trees and shrubs in relation to light and grazing; and (7) Final synthesis and conclusions. Twelve appendices are included giving further information, and there are 67 pages of references and a subject index.
Book Synopsis U.S. Forest Service Grazing and Rangelands by : William D. Rowley
Download or read book U.S. Forest Service Grazing and Rangelands written by William D. Rowley and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early luxury of free forage on unclaimed western public domain allowed the building of fortunes in cattle and sheep and offered opportunities to successive waves of settlement. But the western public lands could not last. The range became overgrazed, overstocked, overcrowded. Animals were lost, much range was irreversible damaged, and even violence occurred as cowmen, sheepmen, and settlers competed for the best forage. Congress intervened by designating the U.S. Forest Service as the pioneer grazing control agency. The Forest Service's controls represent not only attempts to protect a resource but also a social experiment designed to prevent the monopolization of rangelands by large outfits and to encourage small enterprises. The Forest Service has become the undisputed leader in bringing order, rationality, and economic use to the range resources under government supervision. The problems and continuing challenges of the task emerge in these pages.
Author :United States. Work Projects Administration. Division of Professional and Service Projects Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :48 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis History of Grazing by : United States. Work Projects Administration. Division of Professional and Service Projects
Download or read book History of Grazing written by United States. Work Projects Administration. Division of Professional and Service Projects and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Range and Pasture Management by : Arthur William Sampson
Download or read book Range and Pasture Management written by Arthur William Sampson and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Art and Science of Grazing by : Sarah Flack
Download or read book The Art and Science of Grazing written by Sarah Flack and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2016 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing management might seem simple: just put livestock in a pasture and let them eat their fill. However, as Sarah Flack explains in The Art and Science of Grazing, the pasture/livestock relationship is incredibly complex. If a farmer doesn't pay close attention to how the animals are grazing, the resulting poorly managed grazing system can be harmful to the health of the livestock, pasture plants, and soils. Well-managed pastures can instead create healthier animals, a diverse and resilient pasture ecosystem, and other benefits. Flack delves deeply below the surface of "let the cows eat grass," demonstrating that grazing management is a sophisticated science that requires mastery of plant and animal physiology, animal behavior, and ecology. She also shows readers that applying grazing management science on a working farm is an art form that calls on grass farmers to be careful observers, excellent planners and record-keepers, skillful interpreters of their observations, and creative troubleshooters. The Art and Science of Grazing will allow farmers to gain a solid understanding of the key principles of grazing management so they can both design and manage successful grazing systems. The book's unique approach presents information first from the perspective of pasture plants, and then from the livestock perspective--helping farmers understand both plant and animal needs before setting up a grazing system. This book is an essential guide for ruminant farmers who want to be able to create grazing systems that meet the needs of their livestock, pasture plants, soils, and the larger ecosystem. The book discusses all the practical details that are critical for sustained success: how to set up a new system or improve existing systems; acreage calculations; paddock layout; fence and drinking water access; lanes and other grazing infrastructure; managing livestock movement and flow; soil fertility; seeding and reseeding pastures; and more. The author includes descriptions of real grazing systems working well on dairy, beef, goat, and sheep farms in different regions of North America. The book covers pasture requirements specific to organic farming, but will be of use to both organic and non-organic farms.
Book Synopsis Grazing Communities by : Letizia Bindi
Download or read book Grazing Communities written by Letizia Bindi and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pastoralism is a diffused and ancient form of human subsistence and probably one of the most studied by anthropologists at the crossroads between continuities and transformations. The present critical discourse on sustainable and responsible development implies a change of practices, a huge socio-economic transformation, and the return of new shepherds and herders in different European regions. Transhumance and extensive breeding are revitalized as a potential resource for inner and rural areas of Europe against depopulation and as an efficient form of farming deeply influencing landscape and functioning as a perfect eco-system service. This book is an occasion to reconsider grazing communities’ frictions in the new global heritage scenario.
Book Synopsis Western Grazing Grounds and Forest Ranges by : Will Croft Barnes
Download or read book Western Grazing Grounds and Forest Ranges written by Will Croft Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grazing in Temperate Ecosystems by : R.J. Putman
Download or read book Grazing in Temperate Ecosystems written by R.J. Putman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Forest in southern England is an area of mixed vegetation set aside as a Royal Hunting Forest in the eleventh century and since that time subjected to heavy grazing pressure from large herbivores. The entire structure of the Forest and its various communities has been developed under this continued history ofheavy grazing, with the estab lishment of a series of vegetational systems unique within the whole of Europe. The effects of large herbivores in the structuring of this eco system in the past, and the pressure of grazing continuing to this day, have in turn a profound influence, indeed the dominating influence, on the whole ecological functioning of the Forest system. Because of its assemblage of unique vegetation types, the area is clearly of tremendous ecological interest in its own right. In addition, its long history of heavy grazing ani the continued intense herbivore pressure make the New Forest an ideal study-site for evaluation of both short-term and long term effects of grazing upon temperate ecosystems. The N ew Forest (some 37,500 ha in total area) currently supports a population of approximately 2,500 wild deer (red, roe, sika and fallow); in addition 3,500 ponies and 2,000 domestic cattle are pastured on the Forest under Common Rights.
Book Synopsis Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States : by : Daniel G. Milchunas
Download or read book Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States : written by Daniel G. Milchunas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing by wild and domestic mammals can have small to large effects on plant communities, depending on characteristics of the particular community and of the type and intensity of grazing. The broad objective of this report was to extensively review literature on the effects of grazing on 25 plant communities of the southwestern U.S. in terms of plant species composition, aboveground primary productivity, and root and soil attributes. Livestock grazing management and grazing systems are assessed, as are effects of small and large native mammals and feral species, when data are available. Emphasis is placed on the evolutionary history of grazing and productivity of the particular communities as determinants of response. After reviewing available studies for each community type, we compare changes in species composition with grazing among community types. Comparisons are also made between southwestern communities with a relatively short history of grazing and communities of the adjacent Great Plains with a long evolutionary history of grazing. Evidence for grazing as a factor in shifts from grasslands to shrublands is considered. An appendix outlines a new community classification system, which is followed in describing grazing impacts in prior sections.
Book Synopsis Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals by : Ian D. Rotherham
Download or read book Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals written by Ian D. Rotherham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive book, the critical components of the European landscape – forest, parkland, and other grazed landscapes with trees are addressed. The book considers the history of grazed treed landscapes, of large grazing herbivores in Europe, and the implications of the past in shaping our environment today and in the future. Debates on the types of anciently grazed landscapes in Europe, and what they tell us about past and present ecology, have been especially topical and controversial recently. This treatment brings the current discussions and the latest research to a much wider audience. The book breaks new ground in broadening the scope of wood-pasture and woodland research to address sites and ecologies that have previously been overlooked but which hold potential keys to understanding landscape dynamics. Eminent contributors, including Oliver Rackham and Frans Vera, present a text which addresses the importance of history in understanding the past landscape, and the relevance of historical ecology and landscape studies in providing a future vision.
Book Synopsis Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States : by : Daniel G. Milchunas
Download or read book Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States : written by Daniel G. Milchunas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Woolly West by : Andrew Gulliford
Download or read book The Woolly West written by Andrew Gulliford and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, 2019 National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum Western Heritage Award for the Best Nonfiction Book Winner, 2019 Colorado Book Awards History Category, sponsored by Colorado Center for the Book In The Woolly West, historian Andrew Gulliford describes the sheep industry’s place in the history of Colorado and the American West. Tales of cowboys and cattlemen dominate western history—and even more so in popular culture. But in the competition for grazing lands, the sheep industry was as integral to the history of the American West as any trail drive. With vivid, elegant, and reflective prose, Gulliford explores the origins of sheep grazing in the region, the often-violent conflicts between the sheep and cattle industries, the creation of national forests, and ultimately the segmenting of grazing allotments with the passage of the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934. Deeper into the twentieth century, Gulliford grapples with the challenges of ecological change and the politics of immigrant labor. And in the present day, as the public lands of the West are increasingly used for recreation, conflicts between hikers and dogs guarding flocks are again putting the sheep industry on the defensive. Between each chapter, Gulliford weaves an account of his personal interaction with what he calls the “sheepscape”—that is, the sheepherders’ landscape itself. Here he visits with Peruvian immigrant herders and Mormon families who have grazed sheep for generations, explores delicately balanced stone cairns assembled by shepherds now long gone, and ponders the meaning of arborglyphs carved into unending aspen forests. The Woolly West is the first book in decades devoted to the sheep industry and breaks new ground in the history of the Colorado Basque, Greek, and Hispano shepherding families whose ranching legacies continue to the present day.
Book Synopsis Western Grazing Grounds and Forest Ranges by : Will Croft Barnes
Download or read book Western Grazing Grounds and Forest Ranges written by Will Croft Barnes and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Western Grazing Grounds and Forest Ranges: A History of the Live-Stock Industry as Conducted on the Open Ranges of the Arid West, With Particular Reference to the Use Now Being Made of the Ranges in the National Forests The chapter covering saddle horses, saddle equip ment and packing is for the benefit Of the beginner who may want some information on these subjects as a guide to his investments in such things. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis History of the Sheyenne Valley Grazing Association Mcleod North Dakota by : Alice Maung-Mercurio
Download or read book History of the Sheyenne Valley Grazing Association Mcleod North Dakota written by Alice Maung-Mercurio and published by . This book was released on 2023-10-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The History of the Sheyenne Valley Grazing Association of McLeod, North Dakota describes the background and development of this community organization in the Sheyenne River delta of southeastern North Dakota: "a unique ecology in the Western hemisphere," (Audubon Society). The book surveys the fascinating prehistory of the area; and the development of a Grazing Association cooperative which began in 1941 and continues to the present. This Association began with a set of communitarian values, with a unique and complex management system for the local grassland ecologies. This management has been shared with various U.S. Department of Agriculture agencies over the years. This history places each decade of the Association's development within the context of events in U.S. society and reveals insights gained by working through the social and environmental effects of the droughts of the 1930s and the ups and downs and radical administrative changes of the Soil Conservation Service and U.S. Forest Service. The social values and management system suggest models which support a vibrant community life, and communities' economic and environmental health. Interviews with founding and senior members of the association emphasize the policy of stewardship of the environment, animals and people, and that this approach to life is "a sacred trust" that needs to be passed down to following generations.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing by : Iain J. Gordon
Download or read book The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing written by Iain J. Gordon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates how large herbivores not only influence the structure and distribution of the vegetation, but also affect nutrient flows and the responses of associated fauna. The mechanisms and processes underlying the herbivores' behavior, distribution, movement and direct impact on the vegetation are discussed in detail. It is shown that an understanding of plant/animal interactions can inform the management of large herbivores to integrate production and conservation in terrestrial systems.
Book Synopsis Western Grazing Grounds and Forest Ranges - a History of the Live-Stock Industry As Conducted on the Open Ranges of the Arid West with Particular Ref by : Will Croft Barnes
Download or read book Western Grazing Grounds and Forest Ranges - a History of the Live-Stock Industry As Conducted on the Open Ranges of the Arid West with Particular Ref written by Will Croft Barnes and published by Nielsen Press. This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
Download or read book Nourishment written by Fred Provenza and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflections on feeding body and spirit in a world of change Animal scientists have long considered domestic livestock to be too dumb to know how to eat right, but the lifetime research of animal behaviorist Fred Provenza and his colleagues has debunked this myth. Their work shows that when given a choice of natural foods, livestock have an astoundingly refined palate, nibbling through the day on as many as fifty kinds of grasses, forbs, and shrubs to meet their nutritional needs with remarkable precision. In Nourishment Provenza presents his thesis of the wisdom body, a wisdom that links flavor-feedback relationships at a cellular level with biochemically rich foods to meet the body's nutritional and medicinal needs. Provenza explores the fascinating complexity of these relationships as he raises and answers thought-provoking questions about what we can learn from animals about nutritional wisdom. What kinds of memories form the basis for how herbivores, and humans, recognize foods? Can a body develop nutritional and medicinal memories in utero and early in life? Do humans still possess the wisdom to select nourishing diets? Or, has that ability been hijacked by nutritional "authorities"? Consumers eager for a "quick fix" have empowered the multibillion-dollar-a-year supplement industry, but is taking supplements and enriching and fortifying foods helping us, or is it hurting us? On a broader scale Provenza explores the relationships among facets of complex, poorly understood, ever-changing ecological, social, and economic systems in light of an unpredictable future. To what degree do we lose contact with life-sustaining energies when the foods we eat come from anywhere but where we live? To what degree do we lose the mythological relationship that links us physically and spiritually with Mother Earth who nurtures our lives? Provenza's paradigm-changing exploration of these questions has implications that could vastly improve our health through a simple change in the way we view our relationships with the plants and animals we eat. Our health could be improved by eating biochemically rich foods and by creating cultures that know how to combine foods into meals that nourish and satiate. Provenza contends the voices of "authority" disconnect most people from a personal search to discover the inner wisdom that can nourish body and spirit. That journey means embracing wonder and uncertainty and avoiding illusions of stability and control as we dine on a planet in a universe bent on consuming itself.
