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History Of American Weather And Climate Modification
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Book Synopsis Fixing the Sky by : James Rodger Fleming
Download or read book Fixing the Sky written by James Rodger Fleming and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weaving together stories from elite science, cutting-edge technology, and popular culture, Fleming examines issues of health and navigation in the 1830s, drought in the 1890s, aircraft safety in the 1930s, and world conflict since the 1940s.
Book Synopsis Weather and Climate Modification by : Donald Lawrence Gilman
Download or read book Weather and Climate Modification written by Donald Lawrence Gilman and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis History of American Weather and Climate Modification by : National Weather Service
Download or read book History of American Weather and Climate Modification written by National Weather Service and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten unique government reports document the history of attempted weather and climate modification efforts, including Defense Department projections of future programs and a detailed history of Project Stormfury and related hurricane modification trials. Contents: A Recommended National Program In Weather Modification * Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025 * Weather Modification Research and Development Policy Authorization Act of 2005 * Weather and Climate Modification: Report of the Special Commission on Weather Modification * Federal Weather Modification Efforts Need Congressional Attention * An Introduction to Weather Modification * Need for a National Weather Modification Research Program * Hurricane Modification * Project Stormfury * Hurricane Modification and Control Report (April 1971). Can human intervention diminish the force of a hurricane? From the mid-1960s through the early 1980s NOAA actively pursued Project STORMFURY, a program of experimental hurricane modification. The general strategy was to reduce the intensity of the storm by cloud seeding. The seeding, it was argued, would stimulate the formation of a new eyewall that would surround the existing eyewall. The new eyewall would contract, strangling the old eyewall and reducing the intensity of the hurricane. However, research carried out at AOML showed clearly that these "concentric eyewalls" happened often in unmodified hurricanes, thus casting doubt on the seemingly positive results of seeding in earlier experimentation. Hurricane Luis provides an example of this behavior. Moreover, observations showed that hurricanes contain little of the supercooled water necessary for cloud seeding to work. The American Meteorological Society policy statement on planned and inadvertent weather modification, dated October 2, 1998, indicates, "There is no sound physical hypothesis for the modification of hurricanes, tornadoes, or damaging winds in general, and no related scientific experimentation has been conducted in the past 20 years." In the absence of a sound hypothesis, no Federal agencies are presently doing, or planning, research on hurricane modification. Some techniques besides seeding clouds that have been considered over the years include: cooling the ocean with cryogenic material or icebergs, retardation of surface evaporation with monomolecular films, changing the radiational balance in the hurricane environment by absorption of sunlight with carbon black, blowing the hurricane apart with hydrogen bombs, injecting air into the center with a huge maneuverable tube to raise the central pressure, and blowing the storm away from land with windmills. As carefully reasoned as some of these suggestions are, they all fall short of the mark because they fail to appreciate the size and power of tropical cyclones. For example, when hurricane Andrew struck South Florida in 1992, the eye and eyewall devastated a swath 20 miles wide. The heat energy released around the eye was 5,000 times the combined heat and electrical power generation of the Turkey Point nuclear power plant over which the eye passed. Better building codes, wiser land use, and more accurate forecasts seem prosaic compared with environmental mega engineering but they are a great deal cheaper and have overwhelmingly favorable cost-benefit ratios.
Book Synopsis Make It Rain by : Kristine C. Harper
Download or read book Make It Rain written by Kristine C. Harper and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-06-04 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weather control. Juxtaposing those two words is enough to raise eyebrows in a world where even the best weather models still fail to nail every forecast, and when the effects of climate change on sea level height, seasonal averages of weather phenomena, and biological behavior are being watched with interest by all, regardless of political or scientific persuasion. But between the late nineteenth century—when the United States first funded an attempt to “shock” rain out of clouds—and the late 1940s, rainmaking (as it had been known) became weather control. And then things got out of control. In Make It Rain, Kristine C. Harper tells the long and somewhat ludicrous history of state-funded attempts to manage, manipulate, and deploy the weather in America. Harper shows that governments from the federal to the local became helplessly captivated by the idea that weather control could promote agriculture, health, industrial output, and economic growth at home, or even be used as a military weapon and diplomatic tool abroad. Clear fog for landing aircraft? There’s a project for that. Gentle rain for strawberries? Let’s do it! Enhanced snowpacks for hydroelectric utilities? Check. The heyday of these weather control programs came during the Cold War, as the atmosphere came to be seen as something to be defended, weaponized, and manipulated. Yet Harper demonstrates that today there are clear implications for our attempts to solve the problems of climate change.
Author :National Science Foundation (U.S.). Special Commission on Weather Modification Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :162 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Weather and Climate Modification by : National Science Foundation (U.S.). Special Commission on Weather Modification
Download or read book Weather and Climate Modification written by National Science Foundation (U.S.). Special Commission on Weather Modification and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Braving the Elements by : David Laskin
Download or read book Braving the Elements written by David Laskin and published by Anchor. This book was released on 1997-06-16 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowhere in the world is weather as volatile and powerful as it is in North America. Scorching heat in the Southwest, hurricanes on the Atlantic coast, tornadoes in the Plains, blizzards in the mountains: Every area of the country has vastly different weather, and vastly different cultures as a result. Braving the Elements is David Laskin's delightful and fascinating history of how our unique weather has shaped a nation, and how we've tried to cope with it over centuries. Since before Columbus, the peoples of America have struggled to make sense of the capricious and violent nature of America's weather. Anasazi Indians used the rain dance (and sometimes human sacrifice) to induce rain, while the Puritans in New England blamed the sins of the community for lightening strikes and Nor'easters. IN modern times we carry on those traditions by blaming the weatherman for ruined weekends. Despite hi-tech satellites and powerful computers and 24-hour-a-day forecasting from The Weather Channel, we're still at the mercy of the whims of Mother Nature. Laskin recounts the many dramatic moments in American weather history, from the "Little Ice Age" to Ben Franklin's invention of the lightning rod to the Great Blizzard of the 1930's to the worries about global warming. Packed with fresh insights and wonderful lore and trivia, Braving the Elements is unique and essential reading for anyone who's ever asked, "What's it like outside?"
Book Synopsis Weather and Climate Modification by : Wilmot N. Hess
Download or read book Weather and Climate Modification written by Wilmot N. Hess and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1974 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York, Wiley [1974].
Book Synopsis Weather Modification by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce
Download or read book Weather Modification written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Recommended National Program in Weather Modification by : Homer Edward Newell
Download or read book A Recommended National Program in Weather Modification written by Homer Edward Newell and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :406 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (14 download)
Book Synopsis Weather Modification by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources
Download or read book Weather Modification written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers S. 2875, to authorize Interior Dept to conduct a comprehensive rain-making research program.
Download or read book Weather written by Andrew Revkin and published by Union Square + ORM. This book was released on 2018-05-20 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From an award–winning journalist, a “beautifully illustrated” book describing “the most pivotal moments . . . in the climate’s rich . . . 4.5 billion-year history.” (The Washington Post) Colorful and captivating, Weather: An Illustrated History hopscotches through 100 meteorological milestones and insights, from prehistory to today’s headlines and tomorrow’s forecasts. Bite-sized narratives, accompanied by exciting illustrations, touch on such varied topics as Earth’s first atmosphere, the physics of rainbows, the deadliest hailstorm, Groundhog Day, the invention of air conditioning, London’s Great Smog, the Year Without Summer, our increasingly strong hurricanes, and the Paris Agreement on climate change. A groundbreaking work by prominent environmental journalist and author Andrew Revkin, Weather: An Illustrated History presents an intriguing history of humanity’s evolving relationship with Earth’s dynamic climate system and the wondrous weather it generates. “FINALLY, someone has done something about the weather. Andrew Revkin and Lisa Mechaley have given us a startlingly fascinating book about how weather got the way it is, and how we’ve reacted to it, used it, and even helped shape it. There are a hundred captivating stories in this book that are as enlightening as they are fun. Reading them is like seeing the clouds part and the sun come out.” —Alan Alda, longtime host of Scientific American Frontiers and a founder of the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University ”Informative, addictively readable . . . Highly recommended.” —Nathaniel Philbrick, National Book Award winner for In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex ”A gift of a book—at once fascinating, informative, and surprising.” —Elizabeth Kolbert, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of The Sixth Extinction
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on the Environment and the Atmosphere Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :538 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Weather modification by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on the Environment and the Atmosphere
Download or read book Weather modification written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on the Environment and the Atmosphere and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Weather & Climate Change by : Juliane Loraine Fry
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Weather & Climate Change written by Juliane Loraine Fry and published by Thomas Reed. This book was released on 2011 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fantastic resource of weather and climate is incredibly comprehensive, interesting, wide ranging and beautifully presented. Written by a team of international experts, it provides an impressive overview of our globe, beginning with the foundations of weather and meteorology and ending with a detailed look at the issues surrounding climate change. With some of the world's finest landscape and satellite photography, and hundreds of detailed illustrations, cutaways, cross-sections, maps and charts, it provides easy to understand explanations of a complex subject. Section 1 discusses what weather is, how the seasons are formed, global atmospheric systems, temperature, air pressure, jet streams, frontal systems, sea breezes, waves and ocean climate. Section 2 explains the workings of weather phenomena such as cloud formation, humidity, rainbows, rain, hail, ice and snow. Section 3 covers devastating weather events: tornadoes, hurricanes, thunderstorms, lightning, flash floods, blizzards, droughts and record breaking weather. Section 4 covers the science of studying, watching and tracking weather, from ancient times to today. Section 5 tours the climate zones of the entire world, explaining the characteristics of each and their particular phenomena and trends. Section 6 provides a compelling portrait of the Earth and the effects of climate change, including ice ages, deforestation, acid rain, greenhouse effect, rising sea levels, wildfires, water shortages, and the effect on marine life. The Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate Change is a truly spectacular reference to all aspects of the world's weather.
Book Synopsis Historical Perspectives on Climate Change by : James Rodger Fleming
Download or read book Historical Perspectives on Climate Change written by James Rodger Fleming and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-14 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This intriguing volume provides a thorough examination of the historical roots of global climate change as a field of inquiry, from the Enlightenment to the late twentieth century. Based on primary and archival sources, the book is filled with interesting perspectives on what people have understood, experienced, and feared about the climate and its changes in the past. Chapters explore climate and culture in Enlightenment thought; climate debates in early America; the development of international networks of observation; the scientific transformation of climate discourse; and early contributions to understanding terrestrial temperature changes, infrared radiation, and the carbon dioxide theory of climate. But perhaps most important, this book shows what a study of the past has to offer the interdisciplinary investigation of current environmental problems.
Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Climate by : Wolfgang Behringer
Download or read book A Cultural History of Climate written by Wolfgang Behringer and published by Polity. This book was released on 2010 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the latest historical research on the development of the earth's climate, showing how even minor changes in the climate could result in major social, political, and religious upheavals.
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Atmospheric Sciences Publisher :Grand River Publishing ISBN 13 : Total Pages :300 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Weather & Climate Modification by : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Atmospheric Sciences
Download or read book Weather & Climate Modification written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Atmospheric Sciences and published by Grand River Publishing. This book was released on 1980 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years by : National Research Council
Download or read book Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.
