Highly Smooth Nb Surfaces Fabricated by Buffered Electropolishing

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Highly Smooth Nb Surfaces Fabricated by Buffered Electropolishing by :

Download or read book Highly Smooth Nb Surfaces Fabricated by Buffered Electropolishing written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is demonstrated that highly smooth Nb surfaces can be obtained through Buffered ElectroPolishing (BEP) employing an electrolyte consisting of lactic, sulfuric, and hydrofluoric acids. Parameters that control the polishing process are optimized to achieve the smoothest surface finish with the help of surface observations using a scanning electron microscope and a Metallographic Optical Microscope (MOM). The polishing rate of BEP is determined to be 0.646 [mu]m/min that is much higher than 0.381 [mu]m/min achieved by the conventional ElectroPolishing (EP) process widely used in the Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) community. A high precision and large scan area 3-D profilometer is used to view morphology of the treated Nb surfaces. Statistical data, such as, rms, total indicator runout, and arithmetic mean deviation of the Nb surfaces are extracted from the profilometer images. It is found that Nb surfaces treated by BEP are an order of magnitude smoother than those treated by the optimized EP process. The chemical composition of the Nb surfaces after BEP is analyzed by static and dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (SIMS) systems. Cracking patterns of the Nb surfaces under different primary ion sources of Ga, Au, and Ar+ are reported. The depth profile of the surface niobium oxides is studied through continuously monitoring niobium and its relevant oxides' peaks as a function of time. Dynamic SIMS results imply that the surface oxide structure of Nb may be more complicated than what usually believed and can be inhomogeneous. Preliminary results of BEP on Nb SRF single cell cavities and half-cells are reported. It is shown that smooth and bright surfaces can be obtained in 30 minutes when the electric field inside a SRF cavity is uniform during a BEP process. This study reveals that BEP is a highly promising technique for surface treatment on Nb SRF cavities to be used in particle accelerators.

Buffered Electropolishing - A New Way for Achieving Extremely Smooth Surface Finish on Nb SRF Cavities to be Used in Particle Accelerators

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Buffered Electropolishing - A New Way for Achieving Extremely Smooth Surface Finish on Nb SRF Cavities to be Used in Particle Accelerators by :

Download or read book Buffered Electropolishing - A New Way for Achieving Extremely Smooth Surface Finish on Nb SRF Cavities to be Used in Particle Accelerators written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future accelerators require unprecedented cavity performance, which is strongly influenced by interior surface nano-smoothness. Electropolishing (EP) is the technique of choice to be developed for high-field superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and related techniques point to the electropolishing mechanism of Nb in a sulphuric and hydrofluoric acid electrolyte controlled by a compact surface salt film under F- diffusion-limited mass transport control. These and other findings are guiding a systematic characterization to form the basis for cavities process optimization.

Surface Treatments of Nb by Buffered Electropolishing

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Treatments of Nb by Buffered Electropolishing by :

Download or read book Surface Treatments of Nb by Buffered Electropolishing written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buffered electropolishing (BEP) is a Nb surface treatment technique developed at Jefferson Lab1. Experimental results obtained from flat Nb samples show2-4 that BEP can produce a surface finish much smoother than that produced by the conventional electropolishing (EP), while Nb removal rate can be as high as 4.67 [mu]m/min. This new technique has been applied to the treatments of Nb SRF single cell cavity employing a vertical polishing system5 constructed at JLab as well as a horizontal polishing system at CEA Saclay. Preliminary results show that the accelerating gradient can reach 32 MV/m for a large grain cavity and 26.7 MV/m for a regular grain cavity. In this presentation, the latest progresses from the international collaboration between Peking University, CEA Saclay, and JLab on BEP will be summarized.

Advance in Vertical Buffered Electropolishing on Niobium for Particle Accelerators*

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Advance in Vertical Buffered Electropolishing on Niobium for Particle Accelerators* by :

Download or read book Advance in Vertical Buffered Electropolishing on Niobium for Particle Accelerators* written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Niobium (Nb) is the most popular material that has been employed for making superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities to be used in various particle accelerators over the last couple of decades. One of the most important steps in fabricating Nb SRF cavities is the final chemical removal of 150 [mu]m of Nb from the inner surfaces of the SRF cavities. This is usually done by either buffered chemical polishing (BCP) or electropolishing (EP). Recently a new Nb surface treatment technique called buffered electropolishing (BEP) has been developed at Jefferson Lab. It has been demonstrated that BEP can produce the smoothest surface finish on Nb ever reported in the literature while realizing a Nb removal rate as high as 10 [mu]m/min that is more than 25 and 5 times quicker than those of EP and BCP(112) respectively. In this contribution, recent advance in optimizing and understanding BEP treatment technique is reviewed. Latest results from RF measurements on BEP treated Nb single cell cavities by our unique vertical polishing system will be reported.

Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527836306
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators by : Hasan Padamsee

Download or read book Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators written by Hasan Padamsee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-06 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators Single source reference enabling readers to understand and master state-of-the-art accelerator technology Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators provides a quick yet thorough overview of the key technologies for current and future accelerators, including those projected to enable breakthrough developments in materials science, nuclear and astrophysics, high energy physics, neutrino research and quantum computing. The work is divided into three sections. The first part provides a review of RF superconductivity basics, the second covers new techniques such as nitrogen doping, nitrogen infusion, oxide-free niobium, new surface treatments, and magnetic flux expulsion, high field Q slope, complemented by discussions of the physics of the improvements stemming from diagnostic techniques and surface analysis as well as from theory. The third part reviews the on-going applications of RF superconductivity in already operational facilities and those under construction such as light sources, proton accelerators, neutron and neutrino sources, ion accelerators, and crab cavity facilities. The third part discusses planned accelerator projects such as the International Linear Collider, the Future Circular Collider, the Chinese Electron Positron Collider, and the Proton Improvement Plan-III facility at Fermilab as well as exciting new developments in quantum computing using superconducting niobium cavities. Written by the leading expert in the field of radiofrequency superconductivity, Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators covers other sample topics such as: Fabrication and processing on Nb-based SRF structures, covering cavity fabrication, preparation, and a decade of progress in the field SRF physics, covering zero DC resistance, the Meissner effect, surface resistance and surface impedance in RF fields, and non-local response of supercurrent N-doping and residual resistance, covering trapped DC flux losses, hydride losses, and tunneling measurements Theories for anti-Q-slope, covering the Xiao theory, the Gurevich theory, non-equilibrium superconductivity, and two fluid model based on weak defects Superconducting Radiofrequency Technology for Accelerators is an essential reference for high energy physicists, power engineers, and electrical engineers who want to understand the latest developments of accelerator technology and be able to harness it to further research interest and practical applications.

Surface Study of Nb

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Study of Nb by :

Download or read book Surface Study of Nb written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deposition of thin niobium (Nb) films on copper (Cu) cavities, using an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma appears to be an attractive alternative technique for fabricating superconducting radio frequency cavities to be used in particle accelerators. The performance of these Nb/Cu cavities is expected to depend on the surface characteristics of the Nb films. In this paper, we report on an investigation of the influence of deposition energy on surface morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of Nb films deposited on small Cu disks employing a metallographic optical microscope, a 3-D profilometer, a scanning electron microscope, and a dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometer. The results will be compared with those obtained on Nb surfaces treated by buffered chemical polishing, electropolishing, and buffered electropolishing. Possible implications from this study for Nb deposition on real Cu cavities will be discussed.

Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814449954
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology by : Alexander W. Chao

Download or read book Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology written by Alexander W. Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to superconducting technology and its applications, including superconducting magnets (SC magnets) and superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities.

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 10: The Future Of Accelerators

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811209618
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 10: The Future Of Accelerators by : Chao Alexander Wu

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 10: The Future Of Accelerators written by Chao Alexander Wu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-09-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 10 in the series of the annual journal Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology (RAST), will be its final volume. Its theme is 'The Future of Accelerators'. This volume, together with previous 9 volumes, gives readers a complete picture as well as detailed technical information about the accelerator field, and its many driving and fascinating aspects.This volume has 17 articles. The first 15 articles have a different approach from the previous volumes. They emphasize the more personal views, perspectives and advice from the frontier researchers rather than provide a review or survey of a specific subfield. This emphasis is more aligned with the theme of the current volume. The other two articles are dedicated respectively to Leon Lederman and Burton Richter, two prominent leaders of our community who left us last year.

CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781439822531
Total Pages : 1434 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants by : Perrin Walker

Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.

Green Solvents II

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400728905
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Solvents II by : Ali Mohammad

Download or read book Green Solvents II written by Ali Mohammad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-19 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conventional solvents used in chemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical and separation processes represent a great challenge to green chemistry because of their toxicity and flammability. Since the beginning of “the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry” in 1998, a general effort has been made to replace conventional solvents with environmentally benign substitutes. Water has been the most popular choice so far, followed by ionic liquids, surfactant, supercritical fluids, fluorous solvents, liquid polymers, bio-solvents and switchable solvent systems. Green Solvents Volume I and II provides a throughout overview of the different types of solvents and discusses their extensive applications in fields such as extraction, organic synthesis, biocatalytic processes, production of fine chemicals, removal of hydrogen sulphide, biochemical transformations, composite material, energy storage devices and polymers. These volumes are written by leading international experts and cover all possible aspects of green solvents’ properties and applications available in today’s literature. Green Solvents Volume I and II is an invaluable guide to scientists, R&D industrial specialists, researchers, upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, Ph.D. scholars, college and university professors working in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

RF Superconductivity for Accelerators

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527408428
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (274 download)

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Book Synopsis RF Superconductivity for Accelerators by : Hasan Padamsee

Download or read book RF Superconductivity for Accelerators written by Hasan Padamsee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces some of the key ideas of this exciting field, using a pedagogic approach, and presents a comprehensive overview of the field. It is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of microwave cavities for particle acceleration. The second part is devoted to the observed behavior of superconducting cavities. In the third part,general issues connected with beam-cavity interaction and the related issues for the critical components are covered. The final part discusses applications of superconducting cavities to frontier accelerators of the future, drawing heavily on the examples that are in their most advanced stage. Each part of the book ends in a Problems section to illustrate and amplify text material as well as draw on example applications of superconducting cavities to existing and future accelerators.

Advanced Techniques for Surface Engineering

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940170631X
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Techniques for Surface Engineering by : W. Gissler

Download or read book Advanced Techniques for Surface Engineering written by W. Gissler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's shortages of resources make the search for wear and corrosion resistant materials one of the most important tasks of the next century. Since the surface of a material is the location where any interaction occurs, it is that there the hardest requirements on the material are imposed: to be wear resistant for tools and bearings; to be corrosion resistant for turbine blades and tubes in the petrochemical industry; to be antireflecting for solar cells; to be decorative for architectural panels and to combine several of these properties in other applications. Surface engineering is the general term that incorporates all the techniques by which a surface modification can be accomplished. These techniques include both coating and modification of the surface by ion implantation and laser beam melting. In recent years a continuously growing number of these techniques were developed to the extent that it became more and more difficult to maintain an overlook and to understand which of these highly differentiated techniques might be applied to resolve a given surface engineering problem. A similar development is also occuring for surface characterization techniques. This volume contains contributions from renowned scientists and engineers to the Eurocourse the aim of which was to inform about the various techniques and to give a comprehensive survey of the latest development on this subject.

Nuclear Science Abstracts

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1584 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Science Abstracts by :

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Electropolishing of Nickel Disks for Precision Counting Analyses

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Electropolishing of Nickel Disks for Precision Counting Analyses by : R. E. Greene

Download or read book Electropolishing of Nickel Disks for Precision Counting Analyses written by R. E. Greene and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook Of Accelerator Physics And Engineering (2nd Edition)

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814415863
Total Pages : 849 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook Of Accelerator Physics And Engineering (2nd Edition) by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Handbook Of Accelerator Physics And Engineering (2nd Edition) written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by internationally recognized authorities in the field, this expanded and updated new edition of the bestselling Handbook, containing more than 100 new articles, is aimed at the design and operation of modern particle accelerators. It is intended as a vade mecum for professional engineers and physicists engaged in these subjects. With a collection of more than 2000 equations, 300 illustrations and 500 graphs and tables, here one will find, in addition to the common formulae of previous compilations, hard-to-find, specialized formulae, recipes and material data pooled from the lifetime experience of many of the world's most able practitioners of the art and science of accelerators.The eight chapters include both theoretical and practical matters as well as an extensive glossary of accelerator types. Chapters on beam dynamics and electromagnetic and nuclear interactions deal with linear and nonlinear single particle and collective effects including spin motion, beam-environment, beam-beam, beam-electron, beam-ion and intrabeam interactions. The impedance concept and related calculations are dealt with at length as are the instabilities associated with the various interactions mentioned. A chapter on operational considerations includes discussions on the assessment and correction of orbit and optics errors, real-time feedbacks, generation of short photon pulses, bunch compression, tuning of normal and superconducting linacs, energy recovery linacs, free electron lasers, cooling, space-charge compensation, brightness of light sources, collider luminosity optimization and collision schemes. Chapters on mechanical and electrical considerations present material data and important aspects of component design including heat transfer and refrigeration. Hardware systems for particle sources, feedback systems, confinement and acceleration (both normal conducting and superconducting) receive detailed treatment in a subsystems chapter, beam measurement techniques and apparatus being treated therein as well. The closing chapter gives data and methods for radiation protection computations as well as much data on radiation damage to various materials and devices.A detailed name and subject index is provided together with reliable references to the literature where the most detailed information available on all subjects treated can be found.

Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture

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Publisher : ASM International
ISBN 13 : 1615030492
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture by : Joseph R. Davis

Download or read book Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All of the critical technical aspects of gear materials technology are addressed in this new reference work. Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture is intended for gear metallurgists and materials specialists, manufacturing engineers, lubrication technologists, and analysts concerned with gear failures who seek a better understanding of gear performance and gear life. This volume complements other gear texts that emphasize the design, geometry, and theory of gears. The coverage begins with an overview of the various types of gears used, important gear terminology, applied stresses and strength requirements associated with gears, and lubrication and wear. This is followed by in-depth treatment of metallic (ferrous and nonferrous alloys) and plastic gear materials. Emphasis is on the properties of carburized steels, the material of choice for high-performance power transmission gearing.

Corrosion and Surface Chemistry of Metals

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Publisher : EPFL Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849382338
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis Corrosion and Surface Chemistry of Metals by : Dieter Landolt

Download or read book Corrosion and Surface Chemistry of Metals written by Dieter Landolt and published by EPFL Press. This book was released on 2007-05-02 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook; grad.