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Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction: Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23 - August 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23, 1993--August 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below. This quarter we analyzed products derived from liquefaction experiments using the Fe(CO)5 catalysts, under process conditions where carbon monoxide atmospheres and water contents were varied. During this quarter we compared coal conversions using Fe(CO)5 with CO and CO/H2 atmospheres and determined the product distributions. In particular, the effect of a 20% CO/H2 atmosphere and 50% CO/H2 atmosphere. These conversions were conducted with and without the presence of additional water. We found that the Fe(CO)5 under a pure hydrogen atmosphere gave better conversions than under a CO/H2 atmosphere in terms of THF solubility, but the addition of CO seemed to give good yields of oils with reduced oxygen contents. Interestingly when water was added to attempt to increase the effectiveness of the CO by utilizing the water-gas-shift reaction, less oils were observed. It is not obvious at the moment if this reduction is due to emulsions in the work-up or differences in chemical reactivities.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed two sets of liquefaction experiments, one involved the liquefaction of Black Thunder Coal with the corresponding recycle vehicle, and the second set of liquefaction runs involved the liquefaction of Argonne North Dakota Lignite. We compared coal conversions of Black Thunder coal and recycle solvent using Fe(CO)5 and carbon monoxide/hydrogen atmospheres and a MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere. We also continued our investigation of the effect of water on the conversions. We found that addition of water seemed to decrease the amount of oils; we determined the effect of water with the recycle solvent alone, (no coal added) under similar conditions, and again produced a decrease in oil yields. FIMS analyses of the hexane and toluene soluble fractions seem to indicate that in the experiment when water was added, a considerable amount of light material remained behind in the toluene layer, suggesting that somehow the addition of water decreased the amount of extracted material, perhaps by increasing the amount of polarity of the product. When the conversion was conducted with the MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst a good quality product in terms of lower viscosity was produced; however, conversions to THF soluble material was not increased. We believe the molybdenum catalyst hydrogenated the recycle vehicle rather than effectively converted the coal. In order to eliminate the effect of solvent we have often conducted experiments in an inert solvent with Argonne coals. We conducted several coal conversions experiments using an Argonne North Dakota lignite. We compared several dispersed Fe catalysts and in addition, a nickel catalyst. We investigated nickel as a catalyst since we believe this metal may be more effective in decarboxylating low rank coals. Consistent with this premise we found that the nickel catalyst gave the highest conversions.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 6, November 23, 1992--February 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2. which are summarized below. The fractionated products from the coal liquefaction experiments conducted in Task 2 exhibited a very low H/C ratio, most likely due to the low H/C ratio of the Black Thunder recycle vehicle used in these liquefaction experiments. Wilsonville has reported the recycle vehicle as approximately 20% distillable material (1100°F at one atmosphere), 20% insoluble material (CI) and 40% resid. We are now in the process of fractionating this material in order to determine its contribution to our liquefaction results. We also analyzed some of the sulfated iron catalysts for surface areas, finding that the calcined catalyst had surface areas of 76 m2/g, compared to 6 m2/g for the iron oxide used by Wilsonville. We also synthesized two more catalysts, the sulfated iron catalyst, and a thiolato iron carbonyl catalyst. We hope to be able to screen these catalysts for liquefaction experiments in the 300 mL autoclaves during the next quater. This quarter we studied iron carbonyl as a catalyst using atmospheres of hydrogen and of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at total cold pressures of 1000 psia. The comparisons are not yet completed, but it appears that pure hydrogen gave slightly higher conversions into preasphaltenes, but similar conversions into asphaltenes and oils.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book High Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 7, February 23, 1993--May 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 involves the analyses of the liquefaction products derived from liquefaction experiments using the catalysts Fe(CO)5 and the sulfated iron catalyst, Fe2O3·SO4. We also analyzed the products derived from treating the recycle vehicle under coal liquefaction conditions with no coal or catalyst present, and found that the toluene and THF fractions had low H/C ratios. No CO or CO2 gases were detected after reaction, although considerable amount of methane gas was produced, suggesting that during the liquefaction runs the carbon oxides are produced only from the coal, as expected, but that methane gas is produced both from the recycle solvent and the coal. We now have more information about the recycle solvent from Wilsonville, who report that the residue was 63%, composed of 45% resid and 18% insoluble inorganic (CI), and a distilable portion of 37% (1050°F). During this quarter we compared coal conversions using Fe(CO)5 with CO and H2/CO atmospheres and determined the effect of using sulfated iron (Fe2O3·SO4) as a conversion catalyst. Also, the coal liquefaction recycle vehicle was subjected to coal product distribution. We found that the Fe(CO)5 under a pure hydrogen atmosphere gave better conversions than under a CO/H2 atmosphere in terms of oils and asphaltenes but was equal in terms of overall conversion into soluble fractions.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 4, May 23, 1992--August 22, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below. Samples of Black Thunder Subbituminous coal and the corresponding recycle solvent were received from Wilsonville. These particular samples were obtained from run {number_sign}263. The samples were analyzed for a proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as heat content. We have also received samples of the iron oxide used in the Wilsonville coal liquefaction runs as well as Shell 324 and molyVanL for use in future runs. Base-line screening experiments were conducted in 300 mL autoclaves using 2.5 parts by weight of recycle solvent to 1 part Black Thunder coal at 425°C for one hour. In preliminary results for the comparison of iron oxide and iron carbonyl, the iron carbonyl appears to give higher yields to soluble products.
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 13, August 23, 1994-November 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Highly Dispresed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 10, November 23, 1993--February 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter the authors concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 5, August 23, 1992--November 22, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized. In this support task, the fractionated products from the coal liquefaction experiments conducted in Task 2 were analyzed for C, H, and N content. A very low H/C ratio for these products was found, and is most likely due to the low H/C ratio of the Black Thunder recycle solvent used in these liquefaction experiments. Also, during this quarter an on-line gas chromatograph was integrated into the autoclave system. We also conducted some experiments to determine the ease of activation of potential coal liquefaction catalysts. For these experiments the technique of NO chemisorption was used to determine the active catalytic MoS2 sites on coals impregnated with organometallic Mo precursors. We found that these organometallic Mo clusters easily activated to MoS2 sites. We continued our base-line screening experiments in the 300 mL autoclaves. Last quarter iron oxide and iron carbonyl catalysts were compared using an atmosphere of hydrogen with 3% H2S. This quarter we included a comparison of liquefaction with iron oxide where we added an additional atmosphere of 20% carbon monoxide and found that this addition increased the conversion yields to soluble products. All of the carbon monoxide was accounted for as either unconverted carbon monoxide or as carbon dioxide. No evidence of conversion of the carbon monoxide to methane or Fischer-Tropsch type reactions were observed.
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Phase 1 Final Report, August 23-November 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 8, 1993--August 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High hydrocracking and liquefaction activity can be achieved with 10 wt.% of sulfided clay-supported iron catalysts. Further tests and demonstrations of this activity were required. Iron hydroxyoxide was generated on acid-treated montmorillonite. The new batch of catalyst exhibited high hydrocracking activity, Three hour tests with the solubilized intermediate from low-severity treatment of Wyodak coal (LSW) gave a high conversion (45%) of the heptane-insoluble LSW intermediate to heptane-soluble products. An investigation of new methods for the production of catalysts from tetralin-soluble iron oxometallates and the determination of their catalytic activities was continued in this quarter. Iron oxotitanate and iron oxoaluminate gave very high conversions of LSW to heptane solubles (61% and 54%, respectively). The high yields of heptane soluble products obtained with these catalysts offers a potential for use in liquefaction stages with solubilized coal, or at least serve as a model for producing active catalysts via mixed metal oxides. Methods for successfully testing dispersed iron catalysts with the low-severity intermediate were also devised. Catalyst recovered from the dispersed iron hydroxyoxide-catalyzed reaction of ion-exchanged Wyodak gave a high conversion (47%) of LSW to heptane solubles.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, February 9, 1993--May 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of new methods for the production and utilization of tetralin-soluble iron oxometallate precursors for coal liquefaction catalysts was continued in this quarter. Further descriptions of the catalytic activities of the sulfided forms were obtained. The hydrogenation activities of catalysts derived from iron oxotitanate and cobalt oxoaluminate were investigated using pyrene as a the test compound, and results were compared with thermal reactions. The hydrogenation activity of iron oxotitanate was superior to other catalysts including iron oxoaluminate. The hydrogenation activity of cobalt oxoaluminate was similar to that of iron oxoaluminate reported in previous quarterly report. The liquefaction of Wyodak subbituminous coal was investigated using in situ sulfided iron oxotitanate catalyst. In order to improve the usefulness of iron oxoaluminate as a liquefaction catalyst, iron oxoaluminate was supported on acid-treated montmorillonite (K-10). Supporting the iron oxoaluminate on an acidic support significantly improved the hydrogenation activity of iron oxoaluminate. The hydrocracking activity was increased by a large factor. Thus the aluminate and titanate structures surrounding the pyrrhotite that forms during sulfidation have a beneficial effect in preventing deactivation of the iron sites, and the presence of the acidic sites in the clay results in effective catalytic synergism between catalyst and support. These clay-supported iron oxometallates are highly promising catalysts for coal liquefaction. Iron oxyhydroxide and triiron supported on acid-treated montmorillonite (K-10) were tested for the liquefaction of ion-exchanged Wyodak (IEW) to minimize effects of the coal mineral matter. Both sulfided catalysts gave very high conversions of coal to THF-soluble and heptane-soluble (oils) products.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-06 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of manometer size is being carried out. It is based on the molecular design of inverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal-bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis is on molybdenum- and iron-based catalysts, but the techniques being developed should also be generally applicable. The size of these very small and monodispersed particles will be accurately determined both separately and after in situ and ex situ coal impregnation. The as-prepared nanoparticles as well as the catalyst-impregnated coal matrix are characterized using a battery of techniques, including g dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Catalytic activity tests are conducted under standardized coal liquefaction conditions. The effects of particle size of these unsupported catalysts on the product yield and distribution during conversion of a bituminous and a subbituminous coal are being determined. This report discusses molybdenum sulfide particle synthesis, characterization, and microemulsion characterization.
