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Highly Dispersed Catalysts For Coal Liquefaction Quarterly Report No 5 August 23 1992 November 22 1992
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Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 5, August 23, 1992--November 22, 1992 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 5, August 23, 1992--November 22, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized. In this support task, the fractionated products from the coal liquefaction experiments conducted in Task 2 were analyzed for C, H, and N content. A very low H/C ratio for these products was found, and is most likely due to the low H/C ratio of the Black Thunder recycle solvent used in these liquefaction experiments. Also, during this quarter an on-line gas chromatograph was integrated into the autoclave system. We also conducted some experiments to determine the ease of activation of potential coal liquefaction catalysts. For these experiments the technique of NO chemisorption was used to determine the active catalytic MoS2 sites on coals impregnated with organometallic Mo precursors. We found that these organometallic Mo clusters easily activated to MoS2 sites. We continued our base-line screening experiments in the 300 mL autoclaves. Last quarter iron oxide and iron carbonyl catalysts were compared using an atmosphere of hydrogen with 3% H2S. This quarter we included a comparison of liquefaction with iron oxide where we added an additional atmosphere of 20% carbon monoxide and found that this addition increased the conversion yields to soluble products. All of the carbon monoxide was accounted for as either unconverted carbon monoxide or as carbon dioxide. No evidence of conversion of the carbon monoxide to methane or Fischer-Tropsch type reactions were observed.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 4, May 23, 1992--August 22, 1992 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 4, May 23, 1992--August 22, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below. Samples of Black Thunder Subbituminous coal and the corresponding recycle solvent were received from Wilsonville. These particular samples were obtained from run {number_sign}263. The samples were analyzed for a proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as heat content. We have also received samples of the iron oxide used in the Wilsonville coal liquefaction runs as well as Shell 324 and molyVanL for use in future runs. Base-line screening experiments were conducted in 300 mL autoclaves using 2.5 parts by weight of recycle solvent to 1 part Black Thunder coal at 425°C for one hour. In preliminary results for the comparison of iron oxide and iron carbonyl, the iron carbonyl appears to give higher yields to soluble products.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 6, November 23, 1992--February 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 6, November 23, 1992--February 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2. which are summarized below. The fractionated products from the coal liquefaction experiments conducted in Task 2 exhibited a very low H/C ratio, most likely due to the low H/C ratio of the Black Thunder recycle vehicle used in these liquefaction experiments. Wilsonville has reported the recycle vehicle as approximately 20% distillable material (1100°F at one atmosphere), 20% insoluble material (CI) and 40% resid. We are now in the process of fractionating this material in order to determine its contribution to our liquefaction results. We also analyzed some of the sulfated iron catalysts for surface areas, finding that the calcined catalyst had surface areas of 76 m2/g, compared to 6 m2/g for the iron oxide used by Wilsonville. We also synthesized two more catalysts, the sulfated iron catalyst, and a thiolato iron carbonyl catalyst. We hope to be able to screen these catalysts for liquefaction experiments in the 300 mL autoclaves during the next quater. This quarter we studied iron carbonyl as a catalyst using atmospheres of hydrogen and of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at total cold pressures of 1000 psia. The comparisons are not yet completed, but it appears that pure hydrogen gave slightly higher conversions into preasphaltenes, but similar conversions into asphaltenes and oils.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 13, August 23, 1994-November 22, 1994 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 13, August 23, 1994-November 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed two sets of liquefaction experiments, one involved the liquefaction of Black Thunder Coal with the corresponding recycle vehicle, and the second set of liquefaction runs involved the liquefaction of Argonne North Dakota Lignite. We compared coal conversions of Black Thunder coal and recycle solvent using Fe(CO)5 and carbon monoxide/hydrogen atmospheres and a MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere. We also continued our investigation of the effect of water on the conversions. We found that addition of water seemed to decrease the amount of oils; we determined the effect of water with the recycle solvent alone, (no coal added) under similar conditions, and again produced a decrease in oil yields. FIMS analyses of the hexane and toluene soluble fractions seem to indicate that in the experiment when water was added, a considerable amount of light material remained behind in the toluene layer, suggesting that somehow the addition of water decreased the amount of extracted material, perhaps by increasing the amount of polarity of the product. When the conversion was conducted with the MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst a good quality product in terms of lower viscosity was produced; however, conversions to THF soluble material was not increased. We believe the molybdenum catalyst hydrogenated the recycle vehicle rather than effectively converted the coal. In order to eliminate the effect of solvent we have often conducted experiments in an inert solvent with Argonne coals. We conducted several coal conversions experiments using an Argonne North Dakota lignite. We compared several dispersed Fe catalysts and in addition, a nickel catalyst. We investigated nickel as a catalyst since we believe this metal may be more effective in decarboxylating low rank coals. Consistent with this premise we found that the nickel catalyst gave the highest conversions.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction: Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23 - August 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction: Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23 - August 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Phase 1 Final Report, August 23-November 22, 1994 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Phase 1 Final Report, August 23-November 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23, 1993--August 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23, 1993--August 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below. This quarter we analyzed products derived from liquefaction experiments using the Fe(CO)5 catalysts, under process conditions where carbon monoxide atmospheres and water contents were varied. During this quarter we compared coal conversions using Fe(CO)5 with CO and CO/H2 atmospheres and determined the product distributions. In particular, the effect of a 20% CO/H2 atmosphere and 50% CO/H2 atmosphere. These conversions were conducted with and without the presence of additional water. We found that the Fe(CO)5 under a pure hydrogen atmosphere gave better conversions than under a CO/H2 atmosphere in terms of THF solubility, but the addition of CO seemed to give good yields of oils with reduced oxygen contents. Interestingly when water was added to attempt to increase the effectiveness of the CO by utilizing the water-gas-shift reaction, less oils were observed. It is not obvious at the moment if this reduction is due to emulsions in the work-up or differences in chemical reactivities.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Book Synopsis High Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 7, February 23, 1993--May 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book High Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 7, February 23, 1993--May 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 involves the analyses of the liquefaction products derived from liquefaction experiments using the catalysts Fe(CO)5 and the sulfated iron catalyst, Fe2O3·SO4. We also analyzed the products derived from treating the recycle vehicle under coal liquefaction conditions with no coal or catalyst present, and found that the toluene and THF fractions had low H/C ratios. No CO or CO2 gases were detected after reaction, although considerable amount of methane gas was produced, suggesting that during the liquefaction runs the carbon oxides are produced only from the coal, as expected, but that methane gas is produced both from the recycle solvent and the coal. We now have more information about the recycle solvent from Wilsonville, who report that the residue was 63%, composed of 45% resid and 18% insoluble inorganic (CI), and a distilable portion of 37% (1050°F). During this quarter we compared coal conversions using Fe(CO)5 with CO and H2/CO atmospheres and determined the effect of using sulfated iron (Fe2O3·SO4) as a conversion catalyst. Also, the coal liquefaction recycle vehicle was subjected to coal product distribution. We found that the Fe(CO)5 under a pure hydrogen atmosphere gave better conversions than under a CO/H2 atmosphere in terms of oils and asphaltenes but was equal in terms of overall conversion into soluble fractions.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-08 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispresed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 10, November 23, 1993--February 22, 1994 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispresed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 10, November 23, 1993--February 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter the authors concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below.
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1992--February 8, 1993 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1992--February 8, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mixed iron/alumina pillared clay catalysts and clay-supported iron catalysts have been shown in previous reports of this project to significantly improve yields of heptane-soluble products obtained in the liquefaction of both as received and acid-exchanged Wyodak subbituminous coal and Blind Canyon bituminous coal. In this quarter, the soluble product (LSW) obtained from the noncatalytic low-severity liquefaction of Wyodak coal was used as a feed to determine the activity of iron based catalysts for the hydrogenation and depolymerization steps. Comparison data for liquefaction of the soluble LSW with other catalysts were desired, and these data were obtained for a dispersed form of iron sulfide, prepared via iron hydroxyoxide (PETC method). The iron oxyhydroxide catalyst was directly precipitated on LSW product using either water or ethanol as the solvent. An insight into the functioning of the mixed iron/alumina pillared clay in coal liquefaction was investigated by preparing and studying an iron oxoaluminate structure. An investigation of new methods for the production of tetralin soluble iron oxometallate catalysts and the determination of their catalytic activities was continued in this quarter. The hydrogenation activity of iron oxoaluminate was investigated using pyrene and 1-methylnaphthalene as the test compounds, and results were compared with thermal reactions. In order to determine the loss of activity, recovered catalyst was recycled a second time for the hydrotreating of pyrene. Reaction of 1-methylnaphthalene with iron oxoaluminate also gave very high conversion to 1- and 5-methyltetralins and small amount of 2- and 6-methyltetralins. Liquefaction of Wyodak subbituminous and Blind Canyon bituminous coal was investigated using an in situ sulfided soluble iron oxoaluminate catalyst.
Download or read book China written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic of Korea's industrial policy has directed that nation's economy through nearly three decades of spectacular growth. But the authors of this paper maintain that this policy is showing signs of being outmoded. The time has come, the authors argue, for the Korean government to stop managing the economy's structural development and to redefine the responsibilities of business and government. Under this proposed compact, the allocation of resources would shift from the government to the private industrial and financial sectors. The transformation of the government bureaucracy from an ad hoc policy role to one of a transparent and predictable regulator is a key to the success of this undertaking. These new directions would present the government with enormous challenges. Greater competitive discipline and regulatory oversight would be required. While dealing with the complexities of the transition, the government would have to maintain macroeconomic stability and the momentum of savings and investment. For comparison, the study examines the industrial economies of France, Germany, Japan, and the United States, which underwent similar shifts.
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1991--February 8, 1992 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, November 9, 1991--February 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation of methods for the production and testing of iron-pillared clay catalysts was continued in this quarter. The surface area of the mixed alumina/iron pillared clay catalyst decreased to 51 m2/g on sulfidation. Thus the stability of the alumina pillars during the sulfidation and thermal treatments prevented the total collapse that occurred in the case of the iron-pillared clays. Previously the mixed alumina/iron pillared clays were tested for hydrocracking activities with bibenzyl. This testing was extended to a determination of activity with a second model compound substrate (pyrene), representative of the polynuclear aromatic systems present in coal. Testing of the mixed alumina/iron-pillared catalysts with 1-methylnaphthalene gave interesting results that demonstrate shape selectivity. The clay-supported iron hydroxyoxide catalysts prepared by impregnation of iron species on acidic clays were further investigated. Sulfidation of these catalysts using the carbon disulfide in situ method gave hydrocracking activities with bibenzyl that were somewhat less than those obtained by presulfidation with H2/H2S mixtures. Liquefaction of Wyodak subbituminous coal was very successful with the iron impregnated clay catalyst, giving a highly soluble product. High conversions were also obtained with the mixed alumina/iron-pillared clay catalyst, but the yield of oil-solubles was considerably lower. Several new catalysts were synthesized with the idea of decreasing the pillar density and thereby increasing the micropore volume. These catalysts were prepared by first pillaring with an organic ammonium pillaring agent, then introducing a lower number of silica or alumina pillars. Finally the iron component was added either before or after thermal removal of organic pillars.
Book Synopsis Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts by :
Download or read book Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal-bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effects that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis will be on iron- and molybdenum-based catalysts, but the techniques to be developed should also be generally applicable.
