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Highly Dispersed Catalysts For Coal Liquefaction Quarterly Report No 4 May 23 1992 August 22 1992
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Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 4, May 23, 1992--August 22, 1992 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 4, May 23, 1992--August 22, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below. Samples of Black Thunder Subbituminous coal and the corresponding recycle solvent were received from Wilsonville. These particular samples were obtained from run {number_sign}263. The samples were analyzed for a proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as heat content. We have also received samples of the iron oxide used in the Wilsonville coal liquefaction runs as well as Shell 324 and molyVanL for use in future runs. Base-line screening experiments were conducted in 300 mL autoclaves using 2.5 parts by weight of recycle solvent to 1 part Black Thunder coal at 425°C for one hour. In preliminary results for the comparison of iron oxide and iron carbonyl, the iron carbonyl appears to give higher yields to soluble products.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 5, August 23, 1992--November 22, 1992 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 5, August 23, 1992--November 22, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized. In this support task, the fractionated products from the coal liquefaction experiments conducted in Task 2 were analyzed for C, H, and N content. A very low H/C ratio for these products was found, and is most likely due to the low H/C ratio of the Black Thunder recycle solvent used in these liquefaction experiments. Also, during this quarter an on-line gas chromatograph was integrated into the autoclave system. We also conducted some experiments to determine the ease of activation of potential coal liquefaction catalysts. For these experiments the technique of NO chemisorption was used to determine the active catalytic MoS2 sites on coals impregnated with organometallic Mo precursors. We found that these organometallic Mo clusters easily activated to MoS2 sites. We continued our base-line screening experiments in the 300 mL autoclaves. Last quarter iron oxide and iron carbonyl catalysts were compared using an atmosphere of hydrogen with 3% H2S. This quarter we included a comparison of liquefaction with iron oxide where we added an additional atmosphere of 20% carbon monoxide and found that this addition increased the conversion yields to soluble products. All of the carbon monoxide was accounted for as either unconverted carbon monoxide or as carbon dioxide. No evidence of conversion of the carbon monoxide to methane or Fischer-Tropsch type reactions were observed.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction: Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23 - August 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction: Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23 - August 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 6, November 23, 1992--February 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 6, November 23, 1992--February 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2. which are summarized below. The fractionated products from the coal liquefaction experiments conducted in Task 2 exhibited a very low H/C ratio, most likely due to the low H/C ratio of the Black Thunder recycle vehicle used in these liquefaction experiments. Wilsonville has reported the recycle vehicle as approximately 20% distillable material (1100°F at one atmosphere), 20% insoluble material (CI) and 40% resid. We are now in the process of fractionating this material in order to determine its contribution to our liquefaction results. We also analyzed some of the sulfated iron catalysts for surface areas, finding that the calcined catalyst had surface areas of 76 m2/g, compared to 6 m2/g for the iron oxide used by Wilsonville. We also synthesized two more catalysts, the sulfated iron catalyst, and a thiolato iron carbonyl catalyst. We hope to be able to screen these catalysts for liquefaction experiments in the 300 mL autoclaves during the next quater. This quarter we studied iron carbonyl as a catalyst using atmospheres of hydrogen and of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at total cold pressures of 1000 psia. The comparisons are not yet completed, but it appears that pure hydrogen gave slightly higher conversions into preasphaltenes, but similar conversions into asphaltenes and oils.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 13, August 23, 1994-November 22, 1994 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 13, August 23, 1994-November 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23, 1993--August 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 8, May 23, 1993--August 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below. This quarter we analyzed products derived from liquefaction experiments using the Fe(CO)5 catalysts, under process conditions where carbon monoxide atmospheres and water contents were varied. During this quarter we compared coal conversions using Fe(CO)5 with CO and CO/H2 atmospheres and determined the product distributions. In particular, the effect of a 20% CO/H2 atmosphere and 50% CO/H2 atmosphere. These conversions were conducted with and without the presence of additional water. We found that the Fe(CO)5 under a pure hydrogen atmosphere gave better conversions than under a CO/H2 atmosphere in terms of THF solubility, but the addition of CO seemed to give good yields of oils with reduced oxygen contents. Interestingly when water was added to attempt to increase the effectiveness of the CO by utilizing the water-gas-shift reaction, less oils were observed. It is not obvious at the moment if this reduction is due to emulsions in the work-up or differences in chemical reactivities.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyzed two sets of liquefaction experiments, one involved the liquefaction of Black Thunder Coal with the corresponding recycle vehicle, and the second set of liquefaction runs involved the liquefaction of Argonne North Dakota Lignite. We compared coal conversions of Black Thunder coal and recycle solvent using Fe(CO)5 and carbon monoxide/hydrogen atmospheres and a MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere. We also continued our investigation of the effect of water on the conversions. We found that addition of water seemed to decrease the amount of oils; we determined the effect of water with the recycle solvent alone, (no coal added) under similar conditions, and again produced a decrease in oil yields. FIMS analyses of the hexane and toluene soluble fractions seem to indicate that in the experiment when water was added, a considerable amount of light material remained behind in the toluene layer, suggesting that somehow the addition of water decreased the amount of extracted material, perhaps by increasing the amount of polarity of the product. When the conversion was conducted with the MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst a good quality product in terms of lower viscosity was produced; however, conversions to THF soluble material was not increased. We believe the molybdenum catalyst hydrogenated the recycle vehicle rather than effectively converted the coal. In order to eliminate the effect of solvent we have often conducted experiments in an inert solvent with Argonne coals. We conducted several coal conversions experiments using an Argonne North Dakota lignite. We compared several dispersed Fe catalysts and in addition, a nickel catalyst. We investigated nickel as a catalyst since we believe this metal may be more effective in decarboxylating low rank coals. Consistent with this premise we found that the nickel catalyst gave the highest conversions.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Phase 1 Final Report, August 23-November 22, 1994 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Phase 1 Final Report, August 23-November 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 7, February 23, 1993--May 22, 1993 by :
Download or read book High Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 7, February 23, 1993--May 22, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 involves the analyses of the liquefaction products derived from liquefaction experiments using the catalysts Fe(CO)5 and the sulfated iron catalyst, Fe2O3·SO4. We also analyzed the products derived from treating the recycle vehicle under coal liquefaction conditions with no coal or catalyst present, and found that the toluene and THF fractions had low H/C ratios. No CO or CO2 gases were detected after reaction, although considerable amount of methane gas was produced, suggesting that during the liquefaction runs the carbon oxides are produced only from the coal, as expected, but that methane gas is produced both from the recycle solvent and the coal. We now have more information about the recycle solvent from Wilsonville, who report that the residue was 63%, composed of 45% resid and 18% insoluble inorganic (CI), and a distilable portion of 37% (1050°F). During this quarter we compared coal conversions using Fe(CO)5 with CO and H2/CO atmospheres and determined the effect of using sulfated iron (Fe2O3·SO4) as a conversion catalyst. Also, the coal liquefaction recycle vehicle was subjected to coal product distribution. We found that the Fe(CO)5 under a pure hydrogen atmosphere gave better conversions than under a CO/H2 atmosphere in terms of oils and asphaltenes but was equal in terms of overall conversion into soluble fractions.
Download or read book China written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic of Korea's industrial policy has directed that nation's economy through nearly three decades of spectacular growth. But the authors of this paper maintain that this policy is showing signs of being outmoded. The time has come, the authors argue, for the Korean government to stop managing the economy's structural development and to redefine the responsibilities of business and government. Under this proposed compact, the allocation of resources would shift from the government to the private industrial and financial sectors. The transformation of the government bureaucracy from an ad hoc policy role to one of a transparent and predictable regulator is a key to the success of this undertaking. These new directions would present the government with enormous challenges. Greater competitive discipline and regulatory oversight would be required. While dealing with the complexities of the transition, the government would have to maintain macroeconomic stability and the momentum of savings and investment. For comparison, the study examines the industrial economies of France, Germany, Japan, and the United States, which underwent similar shifts.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispresed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 10, November 23, 1993--February 22, 1994 by :
Download or read book Highly Dispresed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Report No. 10, November 23, 1993--February 22, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to study the effect of pretreatment methods on the two-stage liquefaction process. In particular, the effects of dispersed catalysts and carbon monoxide atmospheres on a coal liquefaction process. The project is divided into three technical tasks. Task 1 and 2 deal with the analyses and liquefaction experiments, respectively, whereas Task 3 deals with the economic impact of utilizing the pretreatment methods. This quarter the authors concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2, which are summarized below.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April--June 1992 by :
Download or read book Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April--June 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in this project centers upon developing a new approach to the direct liquefaction of coal to produce an all-distillate product slate at a sizable cost reduction over current technology. The approach integrates all aspects of the coal liquefaction process including coal selection, pretreatment, coal swelling with catalyst impregnation, coal liquefaction experimentation, product recovery with characterization, alternate bottoms processing, and a technical assessment including an economic evaluation. The project is being carried out under contract to the United States Department of Energy. On May 28, 1992, the Department of Energy authorized starting the experimental aspects of this projects; therefore, experimentation at Amoco started late in this quarterly report period. Research contracts with Auburn University, Pennsylvania State University, and Foster Wheeler Development Corporation were signed during June, 1992, so their work was just getting underway. Their work will be summarized in future quarterly reports. A set of coal samples were sent to Hazen Research for beneficiation. The samples were received and have been analyzed. The literature search covering coal swelling has been up-dated, and preliminary coal swelling experiments were carried out. Further swelling experimentation is underway. An up-date of the literature on the liquefaction of coal using dispersed catalysts is nearing completion; it will be included in the next quarterly report.
Book Synopsis Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 9, 1992--August 8, 1992 by :
Download or read book Fine Particle Clay Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, May 9, 1992--August 8, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of new methods for the production of mixed pillared clay catalysts and clay-supported catalysts and determination of their catalytic activities were continued in this quarter. To demonstrate the reproducibility of the preparative method for high activity iron/alumina-pillared montmorillonite catalysts, a new batch of the catalyst was prepared and tested for hydrocracking activity with bibenzyl. This preparation gave conversion and product distribution similar to that reported previously. The mixed iron/alumina-pillared clay was also prepared using a pillaring solution that was aged for longer period of time. To determine the importance of the type of pillaring support in hydrocracking activity, iron/zirconia-pillared montmorillonite was prepared using the same technique as that for iron/alumina-pillared montmorillonite. The reaction of bibenzyl with the sulfided iron/zirconia-pillared catalyst gave a lower hydrocracking conversion than the iron/alumina-pillared catalyst. Addition of a second catalytic metal to the clay support was attempted to determine if a synergistic effect could improve liquefaction. Ferric nitrate and stannous chloride were added to the clay, but the resulting catalyst was relatively poor for hydrocracking and hydrogenation compared with ferric nitrate supported on the clay. New disposable iron catalysts with high acidity and surface area are desired for coal liquefaction. Synthetic iron aluminosilicates were prepared by methods similar to those used for the nickel-substituted synthetic mica montmorillonite (NiSMM) catalysts, which are very effective for hydrogenation and reforming of hydrocarbons. The iron aluminosilicate catalysts were tested for hydrocracking and hydrogenation of bibenzyl, naphthalene and pyrene. Pyrene hydrogenation was effectively catalyzed by the sulfided synthetic iron catalyst.
Book Synopsis Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Highly Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
