Highland Indians And The State In Modern Ecuador

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Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador

Author : A. Kim Clark
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 082297116X
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador by : A. Kim Clark

Download or read book Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador written by A. Kim Clark and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2007-08-26 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador chronicles the changing forms of indigenous engagement with the Ecuadorian state since the early nineteenth century that, by the beginning of the twenty-first century, had facilitated the growth of the strongest unified indigenous movement in Latin America. Built around nine case studies from nineteenth- and twentieth-century Ecuador, Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador presents state formation as an uneven process, characterized by tensions and contradictions, in which Indians and other subalterns actively participated. It examines how indigenous peoples have attempted, sometimes successfully, to claim control over state formation in order to improve their relative position in society. The book concludes with four comparative essays that place indigenous organizational strategies in highland Ecuador within a larger Latin American historical context. Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador offers an interdisciplinary approach to the study of state formation that will be of interest to a broad range of scholars who study how subordinate groups participate in and contest state formation.

Indians and Leftists in the Making of Ecuador's Modern Indigenous Movements

Author : Marc Becker
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822381451
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Indians and Leftists in the Making of Ecuador's Modern Indigenous Movements by : Marc Becker

Download or read book Indians and Leftists in the Making of Ecuador's Modern Indigenous Movements written by Marc Becker and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-08-18 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In June 1990, Indigenous peoples shocked Ecuadorian elites with a powerful uprising that paralyzed the country for a week. Militants insisted that the government address Indigenous demands for land ownership, education, and economic development. This uprising was a milestone in the history of Ecuador’s social justice movements, and it inspired popular organizing efforts across Latin America. While the insurrection seemed to come out of nowhere, Marc Becker demonstrates that it emerged out of years of organizing and developing strategies to advance Indigenous rights. In this richly documented account, he chronicles a long history of Indigenous political activism in Ecuador, from the creation of the first local agricultural syndicates in the 1920s through the galvanizing protests of 1990. In so doing, he reveals the central role of women in Indigenous movements and the history of productive collaborations between rural Indigenous activists and urban leftist intellectuals. Becker explains how rural laborers and urban activists worked together in Ecuador, merging ethnic and class-based struggles for social justice. Socialists were often the first to defend Indigenous languages, cultures, and social organizations. They introduced rural activists to new tactics, including demonstrations and strikes. Drawing on leftist influences, Indigenous peoples became adept at reacting to immediate, local forms of exploitation while at the same time addressing broader underlying structural inequities. Through an examination of strike activity in the 1930s, the establishment of a national-level Ecuadorian Federation of Indians in 1944, and agitation for agrarian reform in the 1960s, Becker shows that the history of Indigenous mobilizations in Ecuador is longer and deeper than many contemporary observers have recognized.

Gender, State, and Medicine in Highland Ecuador

Author : A. Kim Clark
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822978059
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender, State, and Medicine in Highland Ecuador by : A. Kim Clark

Download or read book Gender, State, and Medicine in Highland Ecuador written by A. Kim Clark and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2012 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1921 Matilde Hidalgo became the first woman physician to graduate from the Universidad Central in Quito, Ecuador. Hidalgo was also the first woman to vote in a national election and the first to hold public office. Author Kim Clark relates the stories of Matilde Hidalgo and other women who successfully challenged newly instituted Ecuadorian state programs in the wake of the Liberal Revolution of 1895. New laws, while they did not specifically outline women’s rights, left loopholes wherein women could contest entry into education systems and certain professions and vote in elections. As Clark demonstrates, many of those who seized these opportunities were unattached women who were socially and economically disenfranchised. Political and social changes during the liberal period drew new groups into the workforce. Women found novel opportunities to pursue professions where they did not compete directly with men. Training women for work meant expanding secular education systems and normal schools. Healthcare initiatives were also introduced that employed and targeted women to reduce infant mortality, eradicate venereal diseases, and regulate prostitution. Many of these state programs attempted to control women’s behavior under the guise of morality and honor. Yet highland Ecuadorian women used them to better their lives and to gain professional training, health care, employment, and political rights. As they engaged state programs and used them for their own purposes, these women became modernizers and agents of change, winning freedoms for themselves and future generations.

Conjuring the State

Author : A. Kim Clark
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822989972
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Conjuring the State by : A. Kim Clark

Download or read book Conjuring the State written by A. Kim Clark and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First English-Language Book on the History of Public Health in Ecuador during the Early and Mid-Twentieth Century The Ecuadorian Public Health Service was founded in 1908 in response to the arrival of bubonic plague to the country. A. Kim Clark uses this as a point of departure to explore questions of social history and public health by tracing how the service extended the reach of its broader programs across the national landscape and into domestic spaces. Delving into health conditions in the country—especially in the highlands—and efforts to combat disease, she shows how citizens’ encounters with public health officials helped make abstract ideas of state government tangible. By using public health as a window to understand social relations in a country deeply divided by region, class, and ethnicity, Conjuring the State examines the cultural, social, and political effects of the everyday practices of public health officials.

Crude Chronicles

Author : Suzana Sawyer
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822385759
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Crude Chronicles by : Suzana Sawyer

Download or read book Crude Chronicles written by Suzana Sawyer and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2004-06-07 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecuador is the third-largest foreign supplier of crude oil to the western United States. As the source of this oil, the Ecuadorian Amazon has borne the far-reaching social and environmental consequences of a growing U.S. demand for petroleum and the dynamics of economic globalization it necessitates. Crude Chronicles traces the emergence during the 1990s of a highly organized indigenous movement and its struggles against a U.S. oil company and Ecuadorian neoliberal policies. Against the backdrop of mounting government attempts to privatize and liberalize the national economy, Suzana Sawyer shows how neoliberal reforms in Ecuador led to a crisis of governance, accountability, and representation that spurred one of twentieth-century Latin America’s strongest indigenous movements. Through her rich ethnography of indigenous marches, demonstrations, occupations, and negotiations, Sawyer tracks the growing sophistication of indigenous politics as Indians subverted, re-deployed, and, at times, capitulated to the dictates and desires of a transnational neoliberal logic. At the same time, she follows the multiple maneuvers and discourses that the multinational corporation and the Ecuadorian state used to circumscribe and contain indigenous opposition. Ultimately, Sawyer reveals that indigenous struggles over land and oil operations in Ecuador were as much about reconfiguring national and transnational inequality—that is, rupturing the silence around racial injustice, exacting spaces of accountability, and rewriting narratives of national belonging—as they were about the material use and extraction of rain-forest resources.

Constitutive Visions

Author : Christa J. Olson
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271062541
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutive Visions by : Christa J. Olson

Download or read book Constitutive Visions written by Christa J. Olson and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-06-13 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Constitutive Visions, Christa Olson presents the rhetorical history of republican Ecuador as punctuated by repeated arguments over national identity. Those arguments—as they advanced theories of citizenship, popular sovereignty, and republican modernity—struggled to reconcile the presence of Ecuador’s large indigenous population with the dominance of a white-mestizo minority. Even as indigenous people were excluded from civic life, images of them proliferated in speeches, periodicals, and artworks during Ecuador’s long process of nation formation. Tracing how that contradiction illuminates the textures of national-identity formation, Constitutive Visions places petitions from indigenous laborers alongside oil paintings, overlays woodblock illustrations with legislative debates, and analyzes Ecuador’s nineteen constitutions in light of landscape painting. Taken together, these juxtapositions make sense of the contradictions that sustained and unsettled the postcolonial nation-state.

Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorians Facing the Twenty-First Century

Author : Marc Becker
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443869112
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorians Facing the Twenty-First Century by : Marc Becker

Download or read book Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorians Facing the Twenty-First Century written by Marc Becker and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The South American country of Ecuador provides a fascinating case study for understanding the construction and emergence of race and ethnic identities. While themes of ethnic identities, indigeneity, and race relations are commonly examined in our respective disciplines, it is less common to bring together essays with from scholars from such a broad variety of disciplines. The papers collected in this volume provide an opportunity to explore indigeneity in comparative perspective with the rest of the region, as well as to highlight the historically important but understudied Afro-Ecuadorian perspectives. The essays in this volume break out of the common tropes and themes that scholars typically employ in their studies of race and ethnicity in Ecuador. In examining Afro-Ecuadorians and Indigenous peoples through the lens of politics, culture, religion, gender, and environmental concerns, we come to a better understanding of the problems and promises facing this country. These essays convey a large diversity of perspectives, disciplines, and issues that reflect the richness and complexities of the social processes that are present in Ecuador.

Gender, Indian, Nation

Author : Erin O'Connor
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816525591
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender, Indian, Nation by : Erin O'Connor

Download or read book Gender, Indian, Nation written by Erin O'Connor and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2007-08-09 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, few scholars outside of Ecuador studied the countryÕs history. In the past few years, however, its rising tide of indigenous activism has brought unprecedented attention to this small Andean nation. Even so, until now the significance of gender issues to the development of modern Indian-state relations has not often been addressed. As she digs through EcuadorÕs past to find key events and developments that explain the simultaneous importance and marginalization of indigenous women in Ecuador today, Erin OÕConnor usefully deploys gender analysis to illuminate broader relationships between nation-states and indigenous communities. OÕConnor begins her investigations by examining the multilayered links between gender and Indian-state relations in nineteenth-century Ecuador. Disentangling issues of class and culture from issues of gender, she uncovers overlapping, conflicting, and ever-evolving patriarchies within both indigenous communities and the nationÕs governing bodies. She finds that gender influenced sociopolitical behavior in a variety of ways, mediating interethnic struggles and negotiations that ultimately created the modern nation. Her deep research into primary sourcesÑincluding congressional debates, ministerial reports, court cases, and hacienda recordsÑallows a richer, more complex, and better informed national history to emerge. Examining gender during Ecuadorian state building from ÒaboveÓ and Òbelow,Ó OÕConnor uncovers significant processes of interaction and agency during a critical period in the nationÕs history. On a larger scale, her work suggests the importance of gender as a shaping force in the formation of nation-states in general while it questions recountings of historical events that fail to demonstrate an awareness of the centrality of gender in the unfolding of those events.

South American Indian Languages

Author : Harriet E. Manelis Klein
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292737327
Total Pages : 871 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis South American Indian Languages by : Harriet E. Manelis Klein

Download or read book South American Indian Languages written by Harriet E. Manelis Klein and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills the crucial need for a single volume that gives broad coverage and synthesizes findings for both the general reader and the specialist. This collection of twenty-two essays from fifteen well-known scholars presents linguistic research on the indigenous languages of South America, surveying past research, providing data and analysis gathered from past and current research, and suggesting prospects for future investigation. Of interest not only to linguists but also to anthropologists, historians, and geographers, South American Indian Languages offers a wide perspective, both temporal and regional, on an area noted for its enormous linguistic diversity and for the lack of knowledge of its indigenous languages. An invaluable source book and reference tool, its appearance is especially timely when exploitation of the rich natural resources in a number of areas in South America must surely result in the demise and/or acculturation of some indigenous groups.

Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador

Author : Norman Earl Whitten (Jr.)
Publisher : Urbana : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 838 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador by : Norman Earl Whitten (Jr.)

Download or read book Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador written by Norman Earl Whitten (Jr.) and published by Urbana : University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Making Indigenous Citizens

Author : María Elena García
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804750158
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Indigenous Citizens by : María Elena García

Download or read book Making Indigenous Citizens written by María Elena García and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking on existing interpretations of "Peruvian exceptionalism," this book presents a multi-sited ethnographic exploration of the local and transnational articulations of indigenous movements, multicultural development policies, and indigenous citizenship in Peru.

Trials of Nation Making

Author : Brooke Larson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521567305
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (673 download)

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Book Synopsis Trials of Nation Making by : Brooke Larson

Download or read book Trials of Nation Making written by Brooke Larson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-19 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first interpretive synthesis of the history of Andean peasants and the challenges of nation-making in the four republics of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia during the turbulent nineteenth century. Nowhere in Latin America were postcolonial transitions more vexed or violent than in the Andes, where communal indigenous roots grew deep and where the 'Indian problem' seemed so daunting to liberalizing states. Brooke Larson paints vivid portraits of Creole ruling élites and native peasantries engaged in ongoing political and moral battles over the rightful place of the Indian majorities in these emerging nation-states. In this story, indigenous people emerge as crucial protagonists through their prosaic struggles for land, community, and 'ethnic' identity, as well as in the upheaval of war, rebellion, and repression in rural society. This book raises broader issues about the interplay of liberalism, racism, and ethnicity in the formation of exclusionary 'republics without citizens'.

The Challenge of Legal Pluralism

Author : Marc Simon Thomas
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 131703919X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Challenge of Legal Pluralism by : Marc Simon Thomas

Download or read book The Challenge of Legal Pluralism written by Marc Simon Thomas and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the Latin American context, legal pluralism is often depicted as a dichotomy between customary law and national law. In addition, the use of customary law alongside national law is frequently portrayed as a vehicle of resistance. This book argues that, because ordinary Indians are not positively biased in favor of customary law per se, a heterogeneity of legal practices can be observed on a daily basis, which consequently undermines the commonly held view of customary law as a "counter-hegemonic strategy", even if, on other socio-geographical levels, this thinking in terms of resistance holds true. Based on qualitative research, the work analyzes how internal conflicts among indigenous inhabitants of the Ecuadorian highlands are being settled in a situation of formal legal pluralism, and what can be learned from this in terms of Indian-state relationships. It is shown that, on a local level, the phenomenological dimension of legal pluralism can be termed "interlegality." On a macro level, ontological assumptions underscore that legal pluralism is still seen as a dichotomy between customary and national law. Multidisciplinary in nature, the book will be of interest to academics and researchers working in the areas of Legal Pluralism, Cultural Anthropology and Latin American Studies.

Indians, Oil, and Politics

Author : Allen Gerlach
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 146166554X
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (616 download)

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Book Synopsis Indians, Oil, and Politics by : Allen Gerlach

Download or read book Indians, Oil, and Politics written by Allen Gerlach and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is indispensable that Ecuador has peace, but to have peace you need freedom and to have freedom you need justice. And the Indian population needs justice."-President Gustavo Noboa, January 23, 2000 For five centuries, the Indians had very little voice in Ecuador. Now they are major protagonists who seek more acceptable terms in which to coexist in a society with two vastly different world views and cultures-that of Indians and that of the descendants of Europeans. Their recent political uprising has become the most powerful and influential indigenous movement in Latin America. They have inspired other Indian movements throughout the continent. Author Allen Gerlach details the origins and evolution of the Indian rebellion, focusing on the key period of the last thirty years. In the process, he also presents a concise political history of Ecuador. Gerlach infuses his text with an abundant supply of quotations from participants in the rise in ethnic politics, bringing Ecuador's history and the Indians' opposition to the country's government to life. In addition, Indians, Oil, and Politics serves as a case study on what happens to a nation when its economy is based solely on one commodity-in this instance, oil. The discovery of oil in the Amazon in 1967 was a major factor in Ecuador's modernization and also sparked the Indians' fight for their rights. Oil wealth wreaked havoc on the environment and cultures of the native people of the Amazon, and it did not end old traditions of political fragmentation and corruption. Gerlach explains that the Indians fought back by forming federations to advance their interests and by joining forces with similar structures molded in the highlands of Ecuador. Together they created the country's first truly national indigenous organization in 1986-CONAIE (The Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador)-and by 2000 their movement was a major force to be reckoned with, one which increasingly influenced state policy. This book shows how the Indians he

Health in the Highlands

Author : David Carey, Jr.
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520344790
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Health in the Highlands by : David Carey, Jr.

Download or read book Health in the Highlands written by David Carey, Jr. and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the early to mid-twentieth century, the governments of Ecuador and Guatemala sought to expand Western medicine within their countries, with the goals of addressing endemic diseases and improving infant and maternal health. These efforts often clashed with indigenous medical practices, particularly in the rural highlands. Drawing on extensive, original archival research, historian David Carey Jr. shows that indigenous populations embraced a syncretic approach to health, combining traditional and new practices. At times, the governments of both nations encouraged--or at least allowed--such a synthesis, yet they also attacked indigenous lifeways, going so far as to criminalize native medical practitioners and to conduct medical experiments on indigenous people without consent. Health in the Highlands traces the experiences of curanderos, midwives, bonesetters, witches, doctors, and nurses--and the indigenous people they served. Carey interrogates the relationship between 'progressive' public health policy and indigenous well-being, offering lessons from the past that remain relevant in the present. Our best way forward, this history suggests, may be a compassionate syncretism that joins indigenous approaches to healing with science and a pursuit of environmental and social justice"--

States of Imagination

Author : Thomas Blom Hansen
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822381273
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis States of Imagination by : Thomas Blom Hansen

Download or read book States of Imagination written by Thomas Blom Hansen and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2001-12-12 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The state has recently been rediscovered as an object of inquiry by a broad range of scholars. Reflecting the new vitality of the field of political anthropology, States of Imagination draws together the best of this recent critical thinking to explore the postcolonial state. Contributors focus on a variety of locations from Guatemala, Pakistan, and Peru to India and Ecuador; they study what the state looks like to those seeing it from the vantage points of rural schools, police departments, small villages, and the inside of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Focusing on the micropolitics of everyday state-making, the contributors examine the mythologies, paradoxes, and inconsistencies of the state through ethnographies of diverse postcolonial practices. They show how the authority of the state is constantly challenged from the local as well as the global and how growing demands to confer rights and recognition to ever more citizens, organizations, and institutions reveal a persistent myth of the state as a source of social order and an embodiment of popular sovereignty. Demonstrating the indispensable value of ethnographic work on the practices and the symbols of the state, States of Imagination showcases a range of studies and methods to provide insight into the diverse forms of the postcolonial state as an arena of both political and cultural struggle. This collection will interest students and scholars of anthropology, cultural studies, sociology, political science, and history. Contributors. Lars Buur, Mitchell Dean, Akhil Gupta, Thomas Blom Hansen, Steffen Jensen, Aletta J. Norval, David Nugent, Sarah Radcliffe, Rachel Sieder, Finn Stepputat, Martijn van Beek, Oskar Verkaaik, Fiona Wilson

Oral Literature in the Digital Age

Author : Mark Turin
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1909254304
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Oral Literature in the Digital Age by : Mark Turin

Download or read book Oral Literature in the Digital Age written by Mark Turin and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to ever-greater digital connectivity, interest in oral traditions has grown beyond that of researcher and research subject to include a widening pool of global users. When new publics consume, manipulate and connect with field recordings and digital cultural archives, their involvement raises important practical and ethical questions. This volume explores the political repercussions of studying marginalised languages; the role of online tools in ensuring responsible access to sensitive cultural materials; and ways of ensuring that when digital documents are created, they are not fossilised as a consequence of being archived. Fieldwork reports by linguists and anthropologists in three continents provide concrete examples of overcoming barriers -- ethical, practical and conceptual -- in digital documentation projects. Oral Literature In The Digital Age is an essential guide and handbook for ethnographers, field linguists, community activists, curators, archivists, librarians, and all who connect with indigenous communities in order to document and preserve oral traditions.