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Author : Susan Lew
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (243 download)
Download or read book High Temperature Sulfidation and Reduction of Zinc Titanate and Zinc Oxide Sorbents written by Susan Lew and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book High Temperature Hydrogen Sulfide Removal with Tin Oxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The system is based on the absorption of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by stannic (tin) oxide. Two sorbents are required, the first sorbent is tin oxide and the second sorbent is a zinc oxide based material (i.e., zinc ferrite or zinc titanate) which is regenerated by air producing SO2. TDA's process carries out a modified Claus reaction to reduce the SO2 from the second sorbent generation to elemental sulfur. In this case the sulfided stannic oxide forms stannous sulfide (SnS) which reduces the SO2. The absorption by SnO2 could remove over 90% of the H2S from typical coal gas streams, but we use zinc ferrite (or zinc titanate), (a) to reduce H2S to less than 20 ppM and (b) as a source of SO2 in regeneration. Due to stoichiometry of regeneration we want to remove half of the H2S by SnO2 and the remainder by the second sorbent. The reactions with stannic oxide minimize the heat released during H2S removal and regeneration. The absorption by SnO2 is slightly endothermic and cools the gas stream by less that 5°F (2.8°C) during absorption. Regeneration with SO2 is exothermic but releases only 11% of the heat that is liberated in regenerating the ZnO. For a nominal 6.5:1 steam to air the regeneration of ZnO increases the temperature by (asymptotically equal to)400°F. The regeneration of SnO2 increases the temperature by less than 50°F (28°C) in the same gas flow.
Author : Aysel T. Atimtay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642589774
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book Desulfurization of Hot Coal Gas written by Aysel T. Atimtay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and environmental requirements for advanced power generating systems demand the removal of corrosive and other sulfurous compounds from hot coal gas. After a brief account of the world energy resources and an overview of clean coal technologies, a review of regenerable metal oxide sorbents for cleaning the hot gas is provided. Zinc oxide, copper oxide, calcium oxide, manganese oxide based as well as supported and mixed metal oxide sorbents are treated. Performance analysis of these sorbents, effects of various parameters on the desulfurization efficiency, kinetics of sulfidation and regeneration reactions, sulfiding and regeneration mechanisms are discussed. Two chapters present recent results in the direct production of elemental sulfur from regeneration or SO2-rich gases.
Download or read book Bench-scale Testing of Novel High-temperature Desulfurization Sorbents written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extrudates of regenerable mixed-metal oxide sorbents including zinc ferrite, copper-modified zinc ferrite, zinc titanate, copper aluminate, copper-iron aluminate, and copper manganate were prepared and tested for their potential to remove hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) from coal gasifier gas in a high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) fixed-bed reactor. The zinc containing sorbents were found to be more promising than those containing combinations of copper, aluminum, iron, and manganese. Reductions in H/sub 2/S concentration were achieved depending on sorbent, reactor temperature, and steam concentration. The copper-modified zinc ferrite sorbent reduced the H/sub 2/S concentration to less than 1 ppmv at up to 1100/degree/F with 20 volume % steam in the gas. The zinc ferrite sorbent showed no apparent loss in capacity over 15 sulfidation-regeneration cycles but underwent significant strength reduction in a coal-derived gas with 15% or less steam due to soot formation. Zinc titanate exhibited excellent strength and capacity retention at steam levels as low as 5% and temperatures as high as 1350/degree/F. 13 refs., 64 figs., 75 tabs.
Author : R. Clift
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401121729
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures written by R. Clift and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2nd International Symposium
Author : Makoto Kobayashi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128188677
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Dry Syngas Purification Processes for Coal Gasification Systems written by Makoto Kobayashi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-18 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dry Syngas Purification Processes for Coal Gasification Systems illustrates the promising development status of dry syngas purification for various power generation systems based on coal gasification. The core advantages of dry syngas purification, methodologies for impurity measurement, sorbents development, and evaluation of process performance are described in-depth, and from a practical perspective that is based on current research and development. Reviewing key findings from process integration, the book encompasses scale-up strategies from pilot processes to achieve dry syngas processing for new build plants. The book provides researchers and engineers with practical information to realize dry syngas purification processes for each context. - Delivers pathways to realize dry syngas purification processes customized to specific power plant contexts - Provides analytical tools to facilitate plant operators in examining and interpreting the relevant impurities of coal gasification and gas treatment processes - Illustrates rational strategies for developing capable and durable dry removal sorbent for syngas impurities - Describes process design and integration through key engineering evaluation - Describes scale-up strategies of dry syngas processing for their deployment in new plants - Provides prospects on the development of future coal energy conversion system adopting dry syngas purification processes
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies of High-temperature Coal Gas Desulfurization Sorbents written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During this quarter work on zinc titanate materials as sorbents for fuel gas desulfurization continued. On the basis of the completed parametric studies of reduction and sulfidation (effects of H2, H2O, see quarterly reports {number sign}7, 8), ZnO and Zn-Ti-O materials were evaluated in terms of reduction-sulfidation kinetic differences. Comparative Arrhenius plots of the initial reduction and sulfidation rates are shown for the sorbents ZnO, Z2T-a (2Zn:1Ti) and Z2T3-a (2Zn:3Ti). The reduction rate is shown for a gas containing (mol) 10%H2-3%H2O-87%N2, while sulfidation is for 2%H2S-98%N2. The point at which the initial reduction rate becomes faster than sulfidation rate is 848,872 and 942°C, respectively, for ZnO, Z2T-a and Z2T3-a. Therefore, Zn-Ti-O solids can be used for the desulfurization of coal-derived fuel gas at higher temperatures than single ZnO. To determine the regenerability of Zn-Ti-O solids and their sulfidation performance after regeneration, two cycles of consecutive sulfidation-regeneration were performed with ZnO and Z2T-a. 2 figs.
Author : Jiang Wu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811068178
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book High-Temperature H2S Removal from IGCC Coarse Gas written by Jiang Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive information on high-temperature H2S removal for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) coarse gas, together with briefly introductions to the concept of clean coal technology, and to the mechanism and kinetics of hot coal gas desulfurizers. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of available control methods for high-temperature H2S removal in IGCC coarse gas and how the technology has been adopted by industry. As such, the book offers a unique resource for researchers and engineers in the fields of energy science and technology, environmental science and technology, and chemical engineering.
Author : Dushyant Shekhawat
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444535640
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing written by Dushyant Shekhawat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing provides an overview of the most important aspects of fuel reforming to the generally interested reader, researcher, technologist, teacher, student, or engineer. The topics covered include all aspects of fuel reforming: fundamental chemistry, different modes of reforming, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, fuel desulfurization, reaction engineering, novel reforming concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development. While no attempt is made to describe the fuel cell itself, there is sufficient description of the fuel cell to show how it affects the fuel reformer. By focusing on the fundamentals, this book aims to be a source of information now and in the future. By avoiding time-sensitive information/analysis (e.g., economics) it serves as a single source of information for scientists and engineers in fuel processing technology. The material is presented in such a way that this book will serve as a reference for graduate level courses, fuel cell developers, and fuel cell researchers. - Chapters written by experts in each area - Extensive bibliography supporting each chapter - Detailed index - Up-to-date diagrams and full colour illustrations
Download or read book Reaction Kinetics and Simulation Models for Novel High-temperature Desulfurization Sorbents written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A kinetic study of two mixed-metal oxide sorbents (zinc ferrite and zinc titanate) was conducted to obtain kinetic data at the temperatures and pressures typically encountered in coal gasifiers. These sorbents are used to remove H/sub 2/S from the hot coal- derived gases and can be subsequently regenerated for use in a cyclical operation. The qualitative behavior of zinc titanate was found to be quite similar. Sulfidation kinetic rate increased with H/sub 2/S concentration, slightly increased with temperature, increased with pressure at a constant H/sub 2/S mol fraction with pressure at a constant H/sub 2/S partial pressure, and increased with decreasing pellet diameter. The regeneration rates of both zinc ferrite and zinc titanate increased with temperature, O/sub 2/ concentration, and pressure at a constant O/sub 2/ mole fraction. The formation of zinc sulfate was found to be significant during regeneration of zinc ferrite at sufficiently low temperatures, high pressures, and high O/sub 2/ concentrations. Reducing gas concentrations of 65-75% (H/sub 2/ + CO) simulating the output from the Texaco gasifier operated in the oxygen-blown mode were used to assess the impact on sorbent performance. The shrinking core kinetic model was found to fit the experimental data very well. Correlations were made using a priori estimates of all parameters including diffusivity and mass transfer coefficients. Quantitative agreement was best obtained by treating the diffusivity term and/or the mass transfer term as best fit parameters. 22 refs., 69 figs., 18 tabs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book High Temperature Hydrogen Sulfide Removal with Stannic Oxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contract focuses on the development of sorbents and processes for removal of H2S from hot coal gas with the product of sorbent regeneration being elemental sulfur. TDA Research's process uses a regenerable tin(IV) oxide-based (SnO2) sorbent as the first sorbent and zinc ferrite (or zinc titanate) as a second sorbent.
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Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Enhanced Durability of High-temperature Desulfurization Sorbents for Fluidized-bed Applications. [Zinc Titanate]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to identify and demonstrate methods for enhancing long-term chemical reactivity and attrition resistance of zinc ferrite and zinc titanate sorbents to be employed for desulfurization of hot coal-derived gases in a high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) fluid-bed reactor. The sorbent formulation specified for study during the base period of this project was zinc ferrite. Zinc titanate sorbents are being studied under two options to the base contract. Specific objectives of the zinc titanate sorbent development work are the following: The effect of following process variables was investigated o the performance of zinc titanate sorbents: Method of sorbent preparation, Composition of fuel gas, Zn to Ti ratio of the sorbent, Sulfidation temperature, and Superficial gas velocity. The effect of first three variables has been covered in RTI's 1991 paper (Gupta and Gangwal, 1991b), while the effect of temperature and superficial gas velocity is described here.
Author : E. James Davis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540433644
Total Pages : 852 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (336 download)
Download or read book The Airborne Microparticle written by E. James Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an extensive yet self-contained reference of single microparticle studies as they have been performed for many years by the authors. With the range of theoretical and experimental tools available it has become possible to use the many unique properties of droplets and small particles to investigate phenomena as diverse as, linear and nonlinear optics, solution thermodynamics, gas/solid and gas/liquid chemical reactions, transport properties such as gas phase diffusion coefficients, rate processes in the continuum and non-continuum regimes, trace gas uptake by aerosol droplets related to atmospheric chemistry and ozone depletion, phoretic phenomena, Raman spectroscopy, particle charge, evaporation and condensation processes. Throughout the book the main concern of the authors was to provide the reader with a visualization of the significance and application of the theory by experimental results.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Fixed Bed Testing of a Molybdenum-promoted Zinc Titanate Sorbent for Hot Gas Desulfurization written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experimental test program for the molybdenum-promoted zinc titanate with Zn/Ti ratio of 1.91, consists of two series of test: six half-cycle (sulfidation phase) parametric tests and four multi-cycle (sulfidation and regeneration phase) tests. Results of the parametric tests were utilized to select the optimum conditions for multi-cycle tests. The intent of the multi-cycle test series was to demonstrate durability and regenerability of the molybdenum-promoted zinc titanate sorbent. During the parametric tests, sorbent bed temperature and linear velocity were varied. However, system pressure was fixed at 150 psia (1.03 MPa) for sulfidation test phases and 50 psia (0.34 MPa) for regeneration test phases for both single and multi-cycle tests. Figure 2 shows the effect of gas flow rate and temperature on hydrogen sulfide removal during the half-cycle (sulfidation) parametric tests. Simulated KRW coal gas which contained 15 vol% H2, 21 vol% CO, 9.0 vol% H2O and 800 ppmv H2S was used during the parametric tests. As can be seen from the data, sorbent efficiency and capacity were only weak functions of bed temperature. However, increasing the space velocity substantially reduced sorbent efficiency and capacity as indicated on the rapid breakthrough of H2S for the high space velocity. Breakthrough period is defined here as corresponding to H2S concentration of 200 ppmv in exit gas.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-04 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Katsuya Ishikawa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (339 download)
Download or read book Kinetics Study of Reduction/sulfidation of ZnO and Zinc Titanate Powders in a Drop-tube Furnace written by Katsuya Ishikawa and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Composition Modification of Zinc Titanate Sorbents for Hot Gas Desulfurization. Quarterly Report, 1 December 1994--28 February 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For new coal gasification systems, zinc titanate sorbents are being developed to remove sulfur from the hot product gas prior to its use in combined cycle turbines and high temperature fuel cells. Although most of the properties of these sorbents are very attractive, there are still concerns about durability over many sulfidation-regeneration cycles and zinc losses due to vaporization. Doping the zinc titanate with other metal ions could alleviate both concerns, which are the objectives of this project. A screening study was completed during the second quarter in which Ni, Cr, Cu, Mg, and Al were evaluated as dopants in zinc titanate. Measurements that were made include solubility, crush strength, and sulfidation-regeneration behavior in a thermogravimetric analyzer. A formulation containing Cr showed the most promise. It and other formulations containing Cr will be emphasized during the remainder of the year. Fixed bed experiments will start during the third quarter.
