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Author : V. F. Urbanic
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book High-temperature oxidation of zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 in steam written by V. F. Urbanic and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Oxidation of Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oxidation rate was found to be relatively insensitive to various types of surface preparations in the temperature range 400 to 700 deg C. No dependence of reaction rate on oxygen pressure was observed. The cubic rate law also was obeyed by foil specimens at 700 deg C; however, the rate constants were slightly larger than values obtained from parallelepiped samples.
Author : Sydney C. Furman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Metal-water Reactions written by Sydney C. Furman and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. T. Prater
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)
Download or read book High-temperature Oxidation of Zircaloy-4 in Steam and Steam-hydrogen Environments written by J. T. Prater and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George P. Sabol
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803124066
Total Pages : 907 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry written by George P. Sabol and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 907 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mehran Moalem
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)
Download or read book High Temperature Corrosion of Zircaloy-4 in Steam-hydrogen Mixtures written by Mehran Moalem and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gerry D. Moan
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803128959
Total Pages : 891 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry written by Gerry D. Moan and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The 41 papers of this proceedings volume were first presented at the 13th symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry held in Annecy, France in June of 2001. Many of the papers are devoted to material related issues, corrosion and hydriding behavior, in-reactor studies, and the behavior and properties of Zr alloys used in storing spent fuel. Some papers report on studies of second phase particles, irradiation creep and growth, and material performance during loss of coolant and reactivity initiated accidents. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Comparison of the High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Zircaloy-4 and Pure Zirconium written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidation rate data for Zircaloy-4 in steam under isothermal conditions in the temperature range 1000-1500°C indicate that the kinetics of layer growth and oxygen consumption can be described by virtually ideal parabolic behavior. The growth of the two product phases, oxide and oxygen-stabilized alpha, is presumed to be controlled by diffusion processes leading to uniform layer thickening. We have measured the oxidation rate of pure, arc-melted, crystal-bar zirconium under similar conditions and have found differences in the reaction characteristics compared to Zircaloy-4. At temperatures from 1098 to 1416°C, while parabolic kinetics are still observed, the growth rates for both phases are measurably different. Our analysis of these data in terms of a multi-layer diffusion model suggests that the effective chemical diffusion coefficient for oxygen in the oxide phase has been altered. However, despite the kinetic differences, the analysis also concludes that the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in the alpha layers is identical, a finding consistent with the results of independent measurements.
Author : David John Young
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008044587X
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Metals written by David John Young and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-03 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is concerned with understanding the fundamental mechanisms of high temperature alloy oxidation. It uses this understanding to develop methods of predicting oxidation rates and the way they change with temperature, gas chemistry and alloy composition. The focus is on designing (or selecting) alloy compositions which provide optimal resistance to attack by corrosive gases. . Emphasises quantitative calculations for predicting reaction rates and the effects of temperature, oxidant activities and alloy compositions. . Uses phase diagrams and diffusion paths to analyse and interpret scale structures and internal precipitation distributions . Provides a detailed examination of corrosion in industrial gases (water vapour effects, carburisation and metal dusting, sulphidation) . Text is well supported by numerous micrographs, phase diagrams and tabulations of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic data . Combines physical chemistry and materials science methodologies.
Download or read book High Temperature Steam Oxidation of Titanium-coated Zircaloy-2 and Titanium-Zirconium Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. E. Westerman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book High Temperature Oxidation of Zirconium and Zircaloy-2 in Oxygen and Water Vapor written by R. E. Westerman and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : HM. Chung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book High-Temperature Oxidation of Zircaloy in Hydrogen-Steam Mixtures written by HM. Chung and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidation rates of Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes have been measured in hydrogen-steam mixtures at 1200 to 1700°C. For a given isothermal oxidation temperature, the oxide layer thicknesses have been measured as a function of time, steam supply rate, and hydrogen overpressure. The oxidation rates in the mixtures were compared with similar data obtained in pure steam and helium-steam environments under otherwise identical conditions. The rates in pure steam and helium-steam mixtures were equivalent and comparable to the parabolic rates obtained under steam-saturated conditions and reported in the literature. However, when the helium was replaced with hydrogen of equivalent partial pressure, a significantly smaller oxidation rate was observed. For high steam supply rates, the oxidation kinetics in a hydrogen-steam mixture were parabolic, but the rate was smaller than for pure steam or helium-steam mixtures. Under otherwise identical conditions, the ratio of the parabolic rate for hydrogen-steam to that for pure steam decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing steam supply rate. The smaller parabolic rates in the hydrogen-steam mixtures indicate that, under the test conditions, a considerable amount of hydrogen was dissolved in Zircaloy during oxidation and, as a consequence, oxygen transport in both the oxide and alpha-phases was slower than in the corresponding phases produced in pure steam or helium-steam mixtures. The findings are discussed in relation to some reported high-temperature transport characteristics of oxygen ions in the oxide formed in hydrogen-steam mixtures. For smaller steam supply rates (sufficiently small but still larger than the "steam starvation" limit), significantly smaller linear oxidation rates were observed in the hydrogen-steam mixture, which indicates that the oxidation rate was limited either by the gaseous transport of the steam molecules or as a result of chemical reaction between the chemisorbed oxygen on the zirconium oxide surface and the gaseous hydrogen molecules. This phenomenon of "hydrogen blanketing" is discussed in relation to fuel rod heatup in a degraded-core-accident situation.
Author : VF. Urbanic
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Oxidation of Zirconium Alloys in Steam at 1000 to 1850°C written by VF. Urbanic and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxygen embrittlement of fuel sheathing resulting from high temperature oxidation in steam is a potential fuel failure mechanism during a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). In high temperature steam, zirconium alloys form an outer layer of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and an inner layer of oxygen-stabilized ?-Zr immediately below. The metal/steam reaction for Zr-2.5Nb in the temperature range 1000 to 1600°C was studied and compared with earlier results for Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4.
Author : Rehab Abdel Rahman
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535124471
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Material Performance written by Rehab Abdel Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing and improving nuclear material performance is a crucial subject for the sustainability of the nuclear energy and radioactive isotope supplies. This book aims to present research efforts used to identify nuclear materials performances in different areas. The contributions of esteemed international experts have covered important research aspects in fission and fusion technologies and naturally occurring radioactive materials management. The authors introduced current and anticipated trends toward better performances and mitigating challenges for commercial application of innovative technologies, biological remediation of mine effluents, nuclear fuel performance in power and research fission reactors, gamma ray spectrometer calibration, and recent advances in understanding the performance of tungsten composite in fusion reactor environment.
Author : J. Paul Pemsler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys in 900° Steam written by J. Paul Pemsler and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080457533
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics of Zirconium written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-06 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is part of the series on "Chemical Thermodynamics", published under the aegis of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. It contains a critical review of the literature on thermodynamic data for inorganic compounds of zirconium. A review team, composed of five internationally recognized experts, has critically reviewed all the scientific literature containing chemical thermodynamic information for the above mentioned systems. The results of this critical review carried out following the Guidelines of the OECD NEA Thermochemical Database Project have been documented in the present volume, which contains tables of selected values for formation and reaction thermodynamical properties and an extensive bibliography.* Critical review of all literature on chemical thermodynamics for compounds and complexes of Zr.* Tables of recommended Selected Values for thermochemical properties* Documented review procedure* Exhaustive bibliography* Intended to meet requirements of radioactive waste management community* Valuable reference source for the physical, analytical and environmental chemist.
Author : G. Montigny
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Effect of Pre-Oxide on Zircaloy-4 High-Temperature Steam Oxidation and Post-Quench Mechanical Properties written by G. Montigny and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), the oxide layer grown during normal operations is expected to have a protective effect against high-temperature steam oxidation. However, with respect to post-quench ductility, such a barrier effect may be counterbalanced by a partial dissolution of the pre-oxide layer and associated diffusion of oxygen toward the metal. An extensive study has been carried out on the high-temperature oxidation behavior and post-quench mechanical properties of pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4. Cladding tubes have been pre-oxidized in oxygen environment at 425°C for increasing durations (up to 550 days), leading to pre-oxide layer thicknesses ranging from 7 to 65 ?m. All samples have been then subjected to high-temperature steam oxidation at 900°C, 1000°C, or 1200°C followed by water quenching. Metallographic examinations, micro-hardness measurements, mean hydrogen content measurements, ring compression tests, and EPMA oxygen profiles have then been performed. At 900°C and 1000°C, referring to weight gain, the protective efficiency of the pre-oxide layer grown at 425°C appears to depend on its thickness. The protective effect is significant for 20 - to 40-?m pre-oxide thicknesses. Above 40 ?m, a partial loss of protectiveness is observed, associated to a significant hydrogen pickup. Thus, mechanical properties of such pre-oxidized claddings are highly degraded compared to an initially bare cladding undergoing a LOCA transient for which post-test ductility is maintained. At 1200°C, at similar oxidation durations, weight gains decrease continuously as the pre-oxide layer thickness increases. Thus, the pre-oxide can be viewed as partially protective; however, post-quench ductility is not improved compared to initially bare claddings.
