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High Speed Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography For Structural And Functional Imaging Of The Retina
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Book Synopsis High-speed Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Structural and Functional Imaging of the Retina by : Vivek Jay Srinivasan
Download or read book High-speed Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Structural and Functional Imaging of the Retina written by Vivek Jay Srinivasan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an emerging optical biomedical imaging technology that enables cross-sectional imaging of scattering tissue with high sensitivity and micron-scale resolution. In conventional OCT, the reference arm path length in a Michelson interferometer is scanned in time to generate a profile of backscattering versus depth from the sample arm. In conventional OCT, a broadband, low coherence light source is used to achieve high axial resolution. However, clinical and research applications of conventional OCT have been limited by low imaging speeds. Recently, new Fourier domain OCT detection methods have enabled speeds of ~20,000-40,000 axial scans per second, which are ~50-100x faster than conventional OCT. These methods are called "Fourier domain" because they detect the interference spectrum and do not require mechanical scanning of the reference arm path length in time. In this thesis, two different technologies for Fourier domain OCT are investigated. The first technology, called spectral OCT, uses a broadband light source and a spectrometer to measure the interference spectrum. The second technology, called swept source OCT, uses a rapidly tunable narrowband laser to measure the interference spectrum over time. Applications of these new technologies for retinal imaging are illustrated, including three-dimensional retinal imaging in animal models, clinical imaging of retinal pathologies, quantification of photoreceptor morphology, and functional imaging of intrinsic stimulus-induced scattering changes in the retina. Finally, using a rapidly tunable laser, ultrahigh-speed swept source OCT imaging at 249,000 axial scans per second, roughly three orders of magnitude faster than conventional OCT, is demonstrated. This technology is applied for three-dimensional snapshots of the retina and optic nerve head and unprecedented visualization of retinal anatomy.
Book Synopsis Structural and Functional Imaging of the Human and Small Animal Eyes Using Ultrahigh Speed Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography by : Woo Jhon Choi
Download or read book Structural and Functional Imaging of the Human and Small Animal Eyes Using Ultrahigh Speed Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography written by Woo Jhon Choi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging technique that allows the three-dimensional structure of biological tissue to be visualized with micrometer resolution. In ophthalmology OCT has the unique advantage that it provides cross-sectional images of the retina and choroid noninvasively and in vivo, which have led OCT to be a clinical standard for the diagnosis of a variety of retinal diseases. Although current commercial Fourier domain OCT systems have high imaging speeds of 20-100kHz A-scan rates, these imaging speeds are not sufficient for more advanced structural and functional imaging techniques. Current state-of-the-art spectral domain and swept source OCT provide ultrahigh imaging speeds of >200kHz A-scan rates. These speeds enable functional imaging of retinal blood flow, OCT angiography of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature, and wide field volumetric structural imaging of the retina and choroid. In this thesis, advances in structural and functional ophthalmic imaging techniques for the human and small animal eyes are investigated using ultrahigh speed Fourier domain OCT. The following topics are discussed: (1) a method for numerically extracting and compensating dispersion mismatch in ultrahigh resolution spectral domain OCT, (2) ultrahigh speed spectral domain imaging in the small animal eye for measuring total retinal blood flow, (3) development of ultrahigh speed phase stable swept source OCT system for human retinal imaging, (4) OCT angiography of the choriocapillaris in the human eye, (5) clinical applications of OCT angiography in retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, (6) small animal anesthesia protocol for functional hemodynamic imaging, and (7) imaging of neurovascular coupling in small animals using ultrahigh speed OCT.
Book Synopsis High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology by : Josef F. Bille
Download or read book High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology written by Josef F. Bille and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of the newest laser and microscope/ophthalmoscope technology in the field of high resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology. Starting by describing High-Resolution 3D Light Microscopy with STED and RESOLFT, the book goes on to cover retinal and anterior segment imaging and image-guided treatment and also discusses the development of adaptive optics in vision science and ophthalmology. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the reader will learn about the latest developments and most up to date technology in the field and how these translate to a medical setting. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology – New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics has been written by leading experts in the field and offers insights on engineering, biology, and medicine, thus being a valuable addition for scientists, engineers, and clinicians with technical and medical interest who would like to understand the equipment, the applications and the medical/biological background. Lastly, this book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Gerhard Zinser, co-founder of Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, a scientist, a husband, a brother, a colleague, and a friend.
Book Synopsis Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography by : David Huang
Download or read book Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography written by David Huang and published by SLACK Incorporated. This book was released on 2010 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourier-Domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the latest technology available to provide high-speed, high-resolution imaging of the cornea, anterior chamber angle, macula, and optic nerve head. It is uniquely suited for ophthalmologists that treat diseases from the front to the back of the eye. Inside Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography, Drs. David Huang, Jay S. Duker, James G. Fujimoto, Bruno Lumbroso, Joel S. Schuman, and Robert N. Weinreb cover up-to-date OCT technology and diagnostic software of the RTVue. It is the first book that covers clinical applications from the front to the back of the eye, as opposed to concentrating either on posterior segment imaging or anterior segment imaging. Inside you'll find: * Explanation of Fourier-Domain OCT technology * Teaching of scan pattern selection * Step-by-step instruction for scan acquisition * Teaching of the interpretations of OCT images and measurements by many case examples * Interpretation of en face images Some chapters covered: * Anterior segment * Cornea * Posterior segment * Retina * Age-related macular degeneration * Diabetic retinopathy * Glaucoma Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography is the must-have book for general ophthalmologists, glaucoma specialists, retina specialists, cornea specialists, and refractive surgeons, as well as biomedical engineers.
Book Synopsis Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography by : Sophie Caujolle
Download or read book Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography written by Sophie Caujolle and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Medical Imaging Systems by : Andreas Maier
Download or read book Medical Imaging Systems written by Andreas Maier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.
Book Synopsis Optical Coherence Tomography by : Wolfgang Drexler
Download or read book Optical Coherence Tomography written by Wolfgang Drexler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 1346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the optical analog of ultrasound imaging and is emerging as a powerful imaging technique that enables non-invasive, in vivo, high resolution, cross-sectional imaging in biological tissue. This book introduces OCT technology and applications not only from an optical and technological viewpoint, but also from biomedical and clinical perspectives. The chapters are written by leading research groups, in a style comprehensible to a broad audience.
Book Synopsis Development of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for in Vivo Functional Imaging of Biological Tissues by : Lin An
Download or read book Development of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for in Vivo Functional Imaging of Biological Tissues written by Lin An and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical coherence tomography is a rapidly developing optical imaging modality capable of noninvasively providing depth resolved information of biological tissue at micrometer scale. Since its first report in 1991, it has made tremendous progress leading to successful applications in a number of fields, such as ophthalmology, gastroenterology, dermatology, dentistry, dermatology, cardiology, etc. According to [1], there are more than 15,000 OCT units that had been put into service in ophthalmic clinic by 2009, which represented approximately $1 billion market. The total amount paid by Medicare for OCT scans has increased from $1 billion per year in 2001 to $7 billion per year by 2008. The market size has kept growing in recent years. Reported in [2] by IBISWorld (an American research company), the OCT has achieved an annual growth rate of 27.4% since 2007. In 2012, the revenue is expected to be $478.4 million, which is 24.7% larger than last year. Despite the massive success, there are still several technical issues that need to be addressed, which could help the OCT technology to deliver even better imaging quality. In this thesis, we described several OCT technologies that can be used to double the imaging depth, realize functional vasculature imaging of biological tissue and increase the imaging speed of OCT system. Aim 1: Use of a scanner to introduce spatial frequency modulation to OCT spectral interferograms for in vivo full-range Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. A novel method was developed that could easily introduce a modulation frequency onto the X-direction (i.e., B-scan) of the FDOCT scanning system, enabling full-range Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography (frFDOCT). Compared to the conventional FDOCT system, the newly developed frFDOCT system can provide increased system sensitivity and deeper imaging depth. The previous technology that can achieve frFDOCT either needed multiple steps for data capturing, which is time consuming, or required additional components which increased the system's complexity. The newly developed method generates a modulation spatial frequency in the spectral interferogram by simply offsetting the probe beam at the X-scanner. In this way, the frFDOCT could be easily realized through applying a Hilbert transformation. Aim 2: Using optical micro-angiography to achieve in vivo volumetric imaging of vascular perfusion within human retina and choroids. Optical Micro-Angiography (OMAG) is a functional extension of FDOCT technology. It can achieve visualization of vasculature network of biological tissue. In order to apply the OMAG method to image vasculature map of human retina and choroid, a phase compensation algorithm was developed, which could minimize the motion artifacts generated by the movements of human eye and head. The original scanning protocol of OMAG method could only achieve ~2 mm x 2 mm scanning area on the retina, which is relatively small for clinical applications. To achieve large field of view of vasculature visualization of retina and choroid, multiple small areas of retina were sequentially scanned. After being processed, all the vasculature maps coming from small areas were stitched together to produce a vasculature map of the whole retina and choroid, which is comparable to Fluorescein Angiography. Aim 3: Developing ultrahigh sensitive optical micro-angiography to achieve micro vasculature imaging of biological tissue. Though the OMAG has been successfully applied for visualizing vasculature networks of different biological tissue, there are several problems that need to be solved, such as lower flow sensitivity, longer imaging time and so on. To improve the vasculature image quality, we developed ultrahigh sensitive OMAG (UHS-OMAG). Unlike conventional OMAG, UHS-OMAG applied the OMAG algorithm onto the slow direction of FDOCT scan (Y-direction). Because the time interval between adjacent B-frames is much longer than that between adjacent A-lines, UHS-OMAG can achieve much higher flow sensitivity compared to the conventional OMAG. In addition, the UHS-OMAG usually employed high frame rate (typically 300 frames per second) to achieve 3D scan, it cost much less time to finish one 3D scan compared to the traditional OMAG. However, when it was applied to visualize vasculature map of human tissue, the motion artifacts caused by the inevitable movements is still the biggest challenge. Based on the phase difference calculated from two adjacent B-frames, a new phase compensation algorithm was developed. The UHS-OMAG system was then applied onto human retina and skin to produce detailed micro vasculature networks. Aim 4: Developing ultrahigh speed Spectral Domain OCT system through sequentially controlling two high speed line scan CMOS cameras. Since the report of OCT technology, the imaging speed is always the hot topic along its development path. Though one branch of FDOCT technology, swept source OCT, can run at several megahertz, SSOCT is still not approved by FDA for human eye imaging. The development of spectral domain OCT is more attractive from a commercialization perspective. Two identical high speed line cameras were employed to build two home build high speed spectrometers. Through sequentially controlling the reading time period of two cameras, the imaging speed of the whole system could reach twice higher than the single camera system. The newly built 800 nm SDOCT system which can work at 500,000 Hz A-lines capturing speed was then used to achieve in vivo 3D imaging in both high speed and large field of view mode. In addition, through combining with the OMAG algorithm, the newly developed system is capable of providing detailed micro-vasculature imaging of human retina and optic nerve head.
Book Synopsis Ultrahigh Speed Optical Coherence Tomography for Ophthalmic Imaging Applications by : Jonathan Jaoshin Liu
Download or read book Ultrahigh Speed Optical Coherence Tomography for Ophthalmic Imaging Applications written by Jonathan Jaoshin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact, non-invasive, micron-scale optical imaging technology that has become a standard clinical tool in ophthalmology. Fourier domain OCT detection methods have enabled higher sensitivity and imaging speeds compared to previous generation timedomain OCT. Spectral / Fourier domain OCT (SD-OCT) detects the interference spectrum using a broadband light source and spectrometer. Swept-source / Fourier domain OCT (SS-OCT) detects the interference spectrum over time using a wavelength-swept laser. Current standard commercial ophthalmic clinical systems based on SD-OCT technology have imaging speeds of 20,000 - 40,000 axial scans per second and axial resolutions of 5 - 7 ptm. In this thesis, ultrahigh speed OCT for ophthalmic imaging applications are presented. SD-OCT systems using high speed CMOS camera technology can achieve imaging speeds over 70,000 axial scans per second. Axial resolutions better than 3 ptm can be achieved with multiplexed broadband superluminescent diodes. A novel registration motion-correction algorithm for volumetric OCT datasets reducing motion artifacts and improving signal quality is investigated. Ultrahigh speed, ultrahigh resolution SD-OCT ophthalmic imaging applications including small animal retinal imaging and clinical imaging of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are illustrated. SS-OCT systems using short cavity wavelength-swept laser light sources can achieve imaging speeds over 100,000 axial scans per second with 6 pm axial resolution for small animal and clinical imaging. The high sensitivity of SS-OCT enables enhanced vitreous imaging, visualizing features in the vitreous and vitreoretinal interface. Finally, a new vertical cavity surface-emitting (VCSEL) technology based wavelength-swept laser light source SS-OCT system with tunable speed and wavelength range as well as long coherence length enabling ultrahigh speed and ultralong range OCT imaging applications is demonstrated. In addition to comprehensive structural imaging, the emergence of functional OCT imaging of retinal blood flow using ultrahigh speed OCT may also improve the understanding of ocular disease pathogenesis. Therefore, ultrahigh speed OCT is a promising tool for the diagnosis and management of diseases in ophthalmology.
Book Synopsis Optical Coherence Tomography by : Rui Bernardes
Download or read book Optical Coherence Tomography written by Rui Bernardes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Coherence Tomography represents the ultimate noninvasive ocular imaging technique although being in the field for over two-decades. This book encompasses both medical and technical developments and recent achievements. Here, the authors cover the field of application from the anterior to the posterior ocular segments (Part I) and present a comprehensive review on the development of OCT. Important developments towards clinical applications are covered in Part II, ranging from the adaptive optics to the integration on a slit-lamp, and passing through new structural and functional information extraction from OCT data. The book is intended to be informative, coherent and comprehensive for both the medical and technical communities and aims at easing the communication between the two fields and bridging the gap between the two scientific communities.
Book Synopsis Enabling Technologies for Functional Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinal Disease by : ByungKun Lee
Download or read book Enabling Technologies for Functional Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinal Disease written by ByungKun Lee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of retinal function has become increasingly important because alterations in the function may reflect earlier changes in ocular diseases than the alterations in the structure. Since diagnostic markers in structural OCT using commercial instruments already underwent extensive investigations, novel markers in retinal function implying disease onset or progression are important for further development of novel markers in OCT diagnostics of ocular disease. Retinal OCT applications such as blood flow imaging and stimulus-response imaging often requires high imaging speed since repeated scans of the same position or densely sampled scans are used. Our group developed a high-speed swept-source/Fourier-domain OCT (SS-OCT) prototype to investigate retinal hemodynamics and vascular structures in major ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy with OCT angiography or Doppler OCT. Our group also used an ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) spectral/Fourier-domain OCT (SD-OCT) instrument to investigate dark adaptation of the photoreceptors after a photobleach by measuring the changes in the distances between densely packed, bright bands in the outer retina. Dark adaptation can be an indicator of photoreceptor health and it is postulated that compromised dark adaptation is a manifestation of early AMD. The current thesis reports two technical advancements in OCT imaging of retinal function: image processing algorithm for total retinal blood flow (TRBF) calculation with en face Doppler OCT using the high-speed SS-OCT prototype and the instrumentation of the newly deployed UHR SD-OCT prototype with effective depth range extension using reference arm length modulation (ReALM). These techniques aim for operator-friendly, robust, and repeatable assessment of retinal blood flow or the photoreceptor layer to provide powerful tools for future investigations of retinal function. The contents of the current thesis includes hardware and software approaches that overcomes inherent limitations of OCT such as signal penetration and depth range as well as preliminary imaging results and pilot study findings.
Book Synopsis Spectral/ Fourier Domain Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography in the Rodent Retina by : Jonathan Jaoshin Liu
Download or read book Spectral/ Fourier Domain Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography in the Rodent Retina written by Jonathan Jaoshin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging technique based on low-coherence interferometry for noninvasive, high- resolution, cross-sectional imaging in a variety of biomedical fields. In ophthalmology, OCT has rapidly become a standard clinical diagnostic tool for retinal diseases, providing visualization of the retina with unprecedented detail. However, conventional time domain OCT systems are limited by low imaging speeds. Conventional time domain OCT systems use a mechanically scanned reference mirror to adjust the reference arm path length in time. Spectral / Fourier domain OCT systems use a spectrometer to detect the interference spectrum and do not require mechanical scanning of the reference mirror. This technology significantly improves imaging speed and sensitivity. Spectral / Fourier domain OCT detection methods enable imaging speeds -50-100x faster than conventional time domain OCT systems, providing the capability for three dimensional retinal imaging and blood flow quantification using Doppler OCT measurements. A pre-objective scanning spectral / Fourier domain OCT system for in vivo rodent retinal imaging is designed and built. The system includes a broadband light source to achieve ~-3[mu]m resolution and a CCD camera spectrometer with imaging speed at 25,000 axial scans per second. Applications of spectral / Fourier domain OCT for in vivo rodent retinal imaging are illustrated, including three-dimensional OCT imaging of retinal structure, OCT imaging of the retina preand post-injection, and Doppler OCT imaging providing quantitative measurements of pulsatile blood flow in a retinal vessel. These results demonstrate the ability of spectral / Fourier domain OCT to visualize rodent retinal structure in vivo, perform longitudinal studies by evaluating disease progression in an individual animal, and quantitatively measure rodent retinal blood flow.
Book Synopsis Optical Coherence Tomography by : Mark E. Brezinski
Download or read book Optical Coherence Tomography written by Mark E. Brezinski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-08-25 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Coherence Tomography gives a broad treatment of the subject which will include 1)the optics, science, and physics needed to understand the technology 2) a description of applications with a critical look at how the technology will successfully address actual clinical need, and 3) a discussion of delivery of OCT to the patient, FDA approval and comparisons with available competing technologies. The required mathematical rigor will be present where needed but be presented in such a way that it will not prevent non-scientists and non-engineers from gaining a basic understanding of OCT and the applications as well as the issues of bringing the technology to the market. - Optical Coherence Tomography is a new medical high-resolution imaging technology which offers distinct advantages over current medical imaging technologies and is attracting a large number of researchers. - Provides non-scientists and non-engineers basic understanding of Optical Coherence Tomography applications and issues.
Book Synopsis Towards High Speed High Sensitivity Optical Coherence Tomography for in Vivo Functional Imaging by : Miao Zhang
Download or read book Towards High Speed High Sensitivity Optical Coherence Tomography for in Vivo Functional Imaging written by Miao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation has developed several innovative techniques based on physics and engineering towards a high speed and high sensitivity optical coherence tomography (OCT) for in vivo functional imaging of biological subjects. We applied innovation to a dual-band Fourier domain OCT (FD-OCT) that provides depth-resolved spectroscopic imaging, enhancing tissue contrast and reduces image speckle. Previous dual-band FD-OCT systems could not correctly give the tissue spectroscopic contrast due to depth-related discrepancy in the imaging modality and attenuation in biological tissue samples. We successfully designed a new dual-band full-range FD-OCT imaging and developed an algorithm to compensate the depth-related fall-off and light attenuation. In our imaging system, the complex conjugate artifact is suppressed using a new spatial convolution approach. A graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerates the system for ultrahigh speed processing. Improved spectroscopic contrast and sensitivity were achieved in imaging tissue phantoms, human cancer xenografts and muscle tissues dissected from severely compromised immune deficient mice as well as living mice, benefiting from the depth-related compensations. We further developed an OCT imaging using a finite energy Airy beam that is generated with a phase mask. The depth of field (DOF) is greatly improved in comparison with traditional OCT systems using focused Gaussian beam. We demonstrated that a tradeoff between the sensitivity and the DOF can be controlled by the decay factor of the finite energy Airy beam via changing the pattern scale of on the phase mask.
Book Synopsis High-resolution Retinal Imaging Using Adaptive Optics and Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography by :
Download or read book High-resolution Retinal Imaging Using Adaptive Optics and Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invention permits retinal images to be acquired at high speed and with unprecedented resolution in three dimensions (4.times. 4.times. 6 .mu.m). The instrument achieves high lateral resolution by using adaptive optics to correct optical aberrations of the human eye in real time. High axial resolution and high speed are made possible by the use of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Using this system, we have demonstrated the ability to image microscopic blood vessels and the cone photoreceptor mosaic.
Book Synopsis Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with Rtvue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography by :
Download or read book Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with Rtvue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography written by and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-10 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography is the first book that covers clinical applications from the front to the back of the eye, as opposed to concentrating either on posterior segment imaging or anterior segment imaging.
Book Synopsis Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine by :
Download or read book Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
