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High Reynolds Number Micro Bubble And Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments
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Book Synopsis High Reynolds Number Micro-Bubble and Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments by :
Download or read book High Reynolds Number Micro-Bubble and Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This effort was a continuation of the joint ONR and DARPA programs of the PI and Co-PI's, initiated as part of the DARPA Friction Drag Reduction Program (ATO/TTO). The purpose of the investigation was to examine the physics and engineering of friction drag reduction methods for turbulent boundary layers (TBL) found in hydrodynamic flows. Three methods of friction drag reduction (FDR) were examined: * Polymer Drag Reduction * Micro-bubble Drag Reduction * Air Layer Drag Reduction.
Book Synopsis Influence of Surface Roughness on Polymer Drag Reduction by :
Download or read book Influence of Surface Roughness on Polymer Drag Reduction written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This effort accompanied the DARPA Friction Drag Reduction Program (ATO/TTO) effort at the University of Michigan funded under contract HR-0011-04-1-001 "High Reynolds Number Micro-bubble and Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments" for flows over smooth surfaces. The details of that effort can be found in the final technical report for that project. The purpose of the additional investigation was to examine the physics and engineering of friction drag reduction methods for turbulent boundary layers (TBL) found in hydrodynamic flows over rough surfaces. Two methods of friction drag reduction (FDR) were examined: * Polymer Drag Reduction * Air Layer Drag Reduction.
Book Synopsis Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives by : Feng-Chen Li
Download or read book Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives written by Feng-Chen Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulent drag reduction by additives has long been a hot research topic. This phenomenon is inherently associated with multifold expertise. Solutions of drag-reducing additives are usually viscoelastic fluids having complicated rheological properties. Exploring the characteristics of drag-reduced turbulent flows calls for uniquely designed experimental and numerical simulation techniques and elaborate theoretical considerations. Pertinently understanding the turbulent drag reduction mechanism necessities mastering the fundamentals of turbulence and establishing a proper relationship between turbulence and the rheological properties induced by additives. Promoting the applications of the drag reduction phenomenon requires the knowledge from different fields such as chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, municipal engineering, and so on. This book gives a thorough elucidation of the turbulence characteristics and rheological behaviors, theories, special techniques and application issues for drag-reducing flows by surfactant additives based on the state-of-the-art of scientific research results through the latest experimental studies, numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. Covers turbulent drag reduction, heat transfer reduction, complex rheology and the real-world applications of drag reduction Introduces advanced testing techniques, such as PIV, LDA, and their applications in current experiments, illustrated with multiple diagrams and equations Real-world examples of the topic’s increasingly important industrial applications enable readers to implement cost- and energy-saving measures Explains the tools before presenting the research results, to give readers coverage of the subject from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints Consolidates interdisciplinary information on turbulent drag reduction by additives Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives is geared for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the fields of Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering, Turbulence, Chemical Engineering, Municipal Engineering. Researchers and practitioners involved in the fields of Flow Control, Chemistry, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Experimental Fluid Dynamics, and Rheology will also find this book to be a much-needed reference on the topic.
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction in Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions by : James Henry Hand
Download or read book Drag Reduction in Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions written by James Henry Hand and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Hydrodynamics for Flow Around Bodies by : Viktor V. Babenko
Download or read book Experimental Hydrodynamics for Flow Around Bodies written by Viktor V. Babenko and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental Hydrodynamics for Flow around Bodies explains complex novel experimental methodologies to solve a wide range of important flow problems in industry and research. The book starts by examining the fundamental physical laws necessary for the optimization of techniques for hydro-aeromechanics, heat engineering, and other disciplines related to flow. The reader is then provided with detailed explanations of novel experimental methods, along with the results of physical research. These results are also necessary for the construction of theoretical models that provide improved descriptions for numerous problems in various scientific fields. Frequent discussions, examples of practical applications throughout the text, and foundational, theoretical materials help a range of readers engage and apply these methods to problems in fields including drag reduction, noiseless movement, optimal maneuvering, intense heat transfer, control of separated vortices, wind power, economical energy consumption, and more. Provides instructions on the set up of innovative experiments for drag reduction that will be of great interest to researchers in aerospace, marine and automotive engineering Describes, in detail, a variety of novel experiments to investigate boundary layer flow, together with experimental data that can be used with computational models Assists with bio-inspired hydrodynamic design by providing models of a waving fin mover and investigations of analogs of hydrobiont skin covers
Book Synopsis Mitigation Of Hydrodynamic Resistance: Methods To Reduce Hydrodynamic Drag by : Marc Perlin
Download or read book Mitigation Of Hydrodynamic Resistance: Methods To Reduce Hydrodynamic Drag written by Marc Perlin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents the state of the art in friction drag/resistance reduction technologies for BODIES and crafts operating in liquids at and beneath the free surface. It is useful for professionals with backgrounds in advanced fluid dynamics as well as by academics teaching introductory graduate courses in this area. Active control of resistance will include a discussion of friction reduction, for example through the injection of gas that can form air layers and polymers that initially reside adjacent to the hull, including the use of partial and super cavities. The book discusses passive resistance control achieved through changes in the overall hull shape and appendages, including the application of lifting bodies, bulbous bows, and stern flaps. It also addresses passive reduction of skin friction through the application of hull coatings and other elements of hull husbandry.
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction with the Aid of Air Bubbles and Additives by : Pouria Baghaei
Download or read book Drag Reduction with the Aid of Air Bubbles and Additives written by Pouria Baghaei and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of additives on friction loss in upward turbulent flow was investigated in this experimental study. Additives such as air bubbles, frother and polymer were added to water flow to study their influence on the friction factor. In order to perform this research an experimental set-up was designed and developed. The test sections of the set-up consisted of three vertical pipes of different diameters. The set-up was equipped with three pressure transducers, a magnetic flowmeter, gas spargers and a gas rotameter. The first phase of the experimental program involved calibration of the various devices and pipelines test-sections. The single-phase pressure loss data obtained from the pipelines exhibited good agreement with the standard equations. The second phase of the experimental program dealt with the effect of air bubbles and additives (frother and polymer) on drag reduction in turbulent flows. The experimental results showed that bubbles in the range of 1 mm-3 mm increased the wall shear stress. Therefore, no drag-reduction effect was observed. On the contrary, a significant increase in friction factor was observed at low Reynolds numbers as a result of larger bubble sizes and lower turbulence intensities. The friction factor at low Reynolds numbers could be decreased by decreasing the bubble size by addition of frother to the flow system. The combination of polymer and air bubbles showed a drag reduction of up to 60%. It is also evident from the experiment results that the addition of polymer to bubbly flow system leads to fully homogeneous mixture.
Book Synopsis High-Reynolds Number Flat Plate Turbulent Boundary Layer Measurements and Skin-Friction Drag Reduction with Gas Or Polymer Injection by : Eric S. Winkel
Download or read book High-Reynolds Number Flat Plate Turbulent Boundary Layer Measurements and Skin-Friction Drag Reduction with Gas Or Polymer Injection written by Eric S. Winkel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction and Diffusion Accompanying Thin Slit Injections of a Drag Reducing Polymer on a Flat Plate at High Reynolds Numbers by : Daniel H. Fruman
Download or read book Drag Reduction and Diffusion Accompanying Thin Slit Injections of a Drag Reducing Polymer on a Flat Plate at High Reynolds Numbers written by Daniel H. Fruman and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbubble Drag Reduction Phenomenon Study in a Channel Flow by : Jose Alfredo Jimenez Bernal
Download or read book Microbubble Drag Reduction Phenomenon Study in a Channel Flow written by Jose Alfredo Jimenez Bernal and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study on drag reduction by injection of microbubbles was performed in the upper wall of a rectangular channel at Re = 5128. Particle Image Velocimetry measurement technique (PIV) was used to obtain instantaneous velocity fields in the x-y plane. Microbubbles, with an average diameter of 30[mu]m, were produced by electrolysis using platinum wires with a diameter of 76 [mu]m. They were injected in the buffer layer producing several different values of local void fraction. A maximum drag reduction of 38.45% was attained with a local void fraction of 4.8 %. The pressure drop in the test station was measured by a reluctance pressure transducer. Several parameters such as velocity profile, turbulent intensities, skewness, flatness, joint probability density function (JPDF), enstrophy, one and two-dimensional energy spectra were evaluated. The results indicate that microbubbles reduced the intermittency of the streamwise fluctuating component in the region near the wall. At the same time they destroy or reduce the vortical structures regions (high shear zones) close to the wall. They also redistribute the energy among different eddy sizes. An energy shift from larger wavenumbers to lower wavenumbers is observed in the near wall region (buffer layer). However, outside this region, the opposite trend takes place. The JPDF results indicate that there is a decrease in the correlation between the streamwise and the normal fluctuating velocities, resulting in a reduction of the Reynolds stresses. The results of this study indicate that pursuing drag reduction by injection of microbubbles in the buffer layer could result in great saving of energy and money. The high wavenumber region of the one dimensional wavenumber spectra was evaluated from PIV spatial information, where the maximum wavenumber depends on the streamwise length (for streamwise wavenumber) of the recorded image and the minimum wavenumber depends on the distance between vectors. On the other hand, the low wavenumber region was calculated from the PIV temporal information by assuming Taylor's frozen hypothesis. This new approach allows obtaining the energy distribution of a wider wavenumber region.
Book Synopsis Flow Control Techniques and Applications by : Jinjun Wang
Download or read book Flow Control Techniques and Applications written by Jinjun Wang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the theory, applications and control mechanisms of flow control techniques.
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction in Polymer Solutions by : American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Download or read book Drag Reduction in Polymer Solutions written by American Institute of Chemical Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Maximum Drag Reduction at High Reynolds Number for a Flat Plate Immersed in Polymer Solution by : Paul S. Granville
Download or read book Maximum Drag Reduction at High Reynolds Number for a Flat Plate Immersed in Polymer Solution written by Paul S. Granville and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Frontiers in Experimental Fluid Mechanics by : Mohamed Gad-el-Hak
Download or read book Frontiers in Experimental Fluid Mechanics written by Mohamed Gad-el-Hak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamical systems theory and flow control are two research areas of great current interest. These and other special situations are among the topics covered in this volume. Each article emphasizes the use of experiments to achieve better physical understanding of a particular class of flow problems. The topics covered were chosen because of their importance to the field, recent appeal, and potential for future development. The articles are comprehensive and coverage is pedagogical with a bias towards recent developments.
Book Synopsis Bubble Drag Reduction in a Flat Plate Boundary Layer at High Reynolds Numbers and Large Scales by : Wendy Carol Sanders
Download or read book Bubble Drag Reduction in a Flat Plate Boundary Layer at High Reynolds Numbers and Large Scales written by Wendy Carol Sanders and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Turbulent Flow Drag-reduction by Dilute Poly(ethylene Oxide) Solutions in Capillary Tubes by : Ira Michael Felsen
Download or read book Turbulent Flow Drag-reduction by Dilute Poly(ethylene Oxide) Solutions in Capillary Tubes written by Ira Michael Felsen and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study was initiated to investigate turbulent flow drag-reduction by dilute poly(ethylene oxide) solutions in capillary tubes and thereby elucidate the mechanism of drag-reduction through interpretation of the experimental results. Flow through capillary tubes was chosen as a means to (1) obtain a large ratio of solid surface area to fluid volume, and (2) obtain high shear stresses at low Reynolds numbers. This allowed investigation of surface effects and polymer degradation as a function of a number of variables which are known to influence drag-reduction. (Author).
Book Synopsis Investigations on Drag Reduction by Interactions Between Polymer and Surfactant and Polymer and Polymer by : Jia Yang
Download or read book Investigations on Drag Reduction by Interactions Between Polymer and Surfactant and Polymer and Polymer written by Jia Yang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large amount of studies have been carried out on pipeline flow with several kinds of drag reducing agents, especially polymers and surfactants. Drag reducing agents, by definition, are additives which help suppress or eliminate turbulence in a pipeline. The mechanism and methodology of polymer only or surfactant only as drag reducing additives have been fully discovered. Whether mixed drag reducers such as polymer-surfactant or polymer-polymer systems would be effective is still not clear. In our study, polymer-surfactant and polymer-polymer mixed additives are used in order to explore the synergistic effects and interactions in pipeline flow loops. The experimental work was divided into two sections: bench-scale experiments and pilot-scale experiments. In bench-scale experiments, the properties of prepared fluids such as, surface tension, conductivity and shear viscosity were measured. Several comparison methods and calculations were applied to give better understandings of the properties resulting from mixing of polymer with surfactant and polymer with polymer. After analysis of the properties, several combinations of concentrations were selected and solutions were prepared in the main tank of pilot plant and pumped into the pipeline set-up to test the pipeline flow behaviors. Turbulence structure/Reynolds number, pipe diameter, polymer-surfactant concentration were all considered as influencing factors. Critical micelle concentration, critical aggregation concentration, polymer saturation point, the onset of drag reduction, and the interactions between the mixed additives were discussed. A comparison between pipeline results and the predictions of Blasius Equation or Dodge-Metzner Equation were also discussed.. For polymer-surfactant studies, a commonly used polymer additive - carboxylmethylcellulose (referred to as CMC which is anionic) was selected as the drag reducing agent. The performance of this polymer was investigated in the presence of six surfactants respectively - Alcohol ethoxylate (referred to as Alfonic 1412-9 and Alfonic 1412-3 which are nonionic), Aromox DMC (nonionic surfactant), Stepanol WA-100 and Stepwet DF-95 (which mainly consist sodium lauryl sulfates, anionic surfactant) and Amphosol (which is zwitterionic).The experiments were first conducted with pure CMC solution with different concentrations (100ppm, 500ppm, 700ppm and 1000ppm) as a standard. The 500ppm CMC solution was selected as the best polymer concentration with highest drag reduction efficiency. For polymer-surfactant combinations, CMC-Alfonic 1412-9, CMC-Alfonic1412-3, CMC-Stepanol and CMC-Stepwet systems were found to have significant interactions. High surfactant concentration resulted in reduction in %DR. The addition of Aromox increased the drag reduction ability and onset point when concentration was higher than the polymer saturation points. Also, both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were thought to have an effect on critical micelle concentration, which led to the fluctuations in the %DR. For polymer-polymer studies, PAM-PEO system at two different polymer concentrations were investigated. Overall, Pure PAM solution had much higher drag reduction ability than pure PEO solutions. Mixing them together, strong interactions occurred when PEO fraction was high (over 50%) which affected %DR and shear viscosity substantially. Power-law constants n and k were also taken into account and found to exhibit opposite trends with the increase of PEO fraction.
