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Author : Thomas Berki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book High Relaxivity Polymeric MRI Contrast Agents written by Thomas Berki and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Clare Lee Matilda Le Guyader
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (992 download)
Download or read book Polymeric Nanoparticle and Bioconjugate MRI Contrast Agents for In Vivo Imaging written by Clare Lee Matilda Le Guyader and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoparticles are the hallmark of nanomedicine, proving clinically relevant for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic drugs. Nanomaterials are highly versatile, with the ability for scientists to tailor composition and function to suit the desired application. Herein, two types of nanocarriers are investigated in the context of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents: polymeric nanoparticles and protein carriers. A key research focus in applying nanoparticles for drug delivery is in understanding physicochemical properties affecting in vivo fate. Shape or morphology of a particle is a vastly underutilized property in the design of nanoparticles, and is difficult to predictably control in the context of polymeric nanoparticles. Investigations of block copolymer nanoassemblies evaluate effects of the polymer structure and the self-assembly process to form interesting and diverse structures. In this work, ring-opening metathesis polymerization is employed to prepare and study block copolymer amphiphile self-assembly. First, a small library of amphiphiles are prepared in which the hydrophobic block functionality is varied. In varying the polymer structure and the solvent for assembly, different morphologies are produced, including small and large spheres, cylinders, y-junctions, and rods. In several cases, one polymer can take on different morphologies depending on the organic cosolvent used during micellization, highlighting the importance of assembly conditions and dynamics in forming kinetically trapped structures versus thermodynamically stable structures. These are important considerations when designing, synthesizing, and formulating polymeric nanoparticles for in vivo applications. Next, direct incorporation of a gadolinium based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging is studied. A novel monomer and chain transfer agent of a gadolinium-chelate are used to directly incorporate the contrast agent in to a polynorbornene polymer backbone. The resulting spherical and fibrillar nanoparticles exhibited enhanced relaxivity and are studied as MRI contrast agents using live imaging in murine models. Finally, a fatty acid ligand is conjugated to a gadolinium-based contrast agent is prepared and formulated with human serum albumin. In formulation with HSA, the agent exhibits high relaxivity and prolonged blood circulation. In addition, therapeutic conjugates formulated with HSA are evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and found to be effective in tumor growth suppression in vivo.
Author : Sophie Laurent
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811025290
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book MRI Contrast Agents written by Sophie Laurent and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the multiple aspects of (i) preparation of the magnetic core, (ii) the stabilization with different coatings, (iii) the physico-chemical characterization and (iv) the vectorization to obtain specific nanosystems. Several bio-applications are also presented in this book. In the early days of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), paramagnetic ions were proposed as contrast agents to enhance the diagnostic quality of MR images. Since then, academic and industrial efforts have been devoted to the development of new and more efficient molecular, supramolecular and nanoparticular systems. Old concepts and theories, like paramagnetic relaxation, were revisited and exploited, leading to new scientific tracks. With their high relaxivity payload, the superparamagnetic nanoparticles are very appealing in the context of molecular imaging but challenges are still numerous: absence of toxicity, specificity, ability to cross the biological barriers, etc.
Download or read book High-Relaxivity MRI Contrast Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The desire to improve and expand the scope of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has prompted the search for contrast agents of higher efficiency. The development of better agents requires consideration of the fundamental coordination chemistry of the gadolinium(III) ion and the parameters that affect its efficacy as a proton relaxation agent. In optimizing each parameter, other practical issues such as solubility and in vivo toxicity must also be addressed, making the attainment of safe, high-relaxivity agents a challenging goal. Here we present recent advances in the field, with an emphasis on the hydroxypyridinone family of Gd{sup III} chelates.
Author : Werner Krause
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 354045733X
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Contrast Agents I written by Werner Krause and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extracellular MRI and X-ray contrast agents are characterized by their phar- cokinetic behaviour.After intravascular injection their plasma-level time curve is characeterized by two phases. The agents are rapidly distributed between plasma and interstitial spaces followed by renal elimination with a terminal half-live of approximatly 1–2 hours. They are excreted via the kidneys in unchanged form by glomerular filtration. Extracellular water-soluble contrast agents to be applied for X-ray imaging were introduced into clinical practice in 1923. Since that time they have proved to be most valuable tools in diagnostics.They contain iodine as the element of choice with a sufficiently high atomic weight difference to organic tissue. As positive contrast agents their attenuation of radiation is higher compared with the attenuation of the surrounding tissue. By this contrast enhancement X-ray diagnostics could be improved dramatically. In 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid derivatives iodine is firmly bound. Nowadays diamides of the 2,4,6-triiodo-5-acylamino-isophthalic acid like iopromide (Ultravist, Fig. 1) are used as non-ionic (neutral) X-ray contrast agents in most cases [1].
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780952318774
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (187 download)
Download or read book Smart Nano and Microparticles written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Matthew R. J. Carroll
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Polymer Coatings on the Proton Transverse Relaxivities of Superaramagnetic Nanoparticle MRI Contrast Agents written by Matthew R. J. Carroll and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic tool for imaging soft tissue. The use of magnetic contrast agents has provided the opportunity to ex- tend the versatility of MRI by enhancing the contrast between di erent tissue types. One type of MRI contrast agent is based upon nanoparticles of iron oxide coated with a functional polymeric material that provides stability and biocompatibility. However, little is known about the e ects that these polymer coatings have on the proton transverse relaxation. The purpose of this thesis was to explore the e ects of these polymer coatings. To achieve this goal, the theoretical models of magnetic particle induced proton transverse relaxation reported in the literature were experimentally tested to de- termine their validity and accuracy. In addition, examinations were conducted to further understanding of the basic properties of polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles, including their stability in suspension and functionality. Furthermore, small angle neutron scattering was used to examine the structures of the polymer coatings by studying micelles and polymer coated nanoparticles. Finally, proton relaxometry was carried out on series of aqueous suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles with polymer coatings that were systematically varied. It was found that the theoretical models used to predict magnetic nanoparticle induced proton transverse relaxivities were very good estimators of actual relaxivities, provided that an accurate measurement of the particle size distribution in aqueous suspension was obtained. In addition, the number of polymer chains per unit surface area on a magnetic nanoparticle was found to be a function of the particle size, which in turn, could a ect the structure of the polymer around the nanoparticle. Furthermore, it was found that the polymer coatings investigated in this thesis were highly solvated and, contrary to other studies, had no direct a ect on the proton transverse relaxivities generated by the magnetic nanoparticles. Instead it was found that the changes in the degree of aggregation within the solution had the most significant effect on the proton transverse relaxivities.
Author : Steven MacLellan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Novel Polymeric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents written by Steven MacLellan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andre S. Merbach
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118503678
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Andre S. Merbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The number of MRI scanners operating around the world is estimated to be approximately 20,000, and the development of contrast agents, currently used in about a third of the 50 million clinical MRI examinations performed every year, has largely contributed to this significant achievement. This completely revised and extended second edition: Includes new chapters on targeted, responsive, PARACEST and nanoparticle MRI contrast agents. Covers the basic chemistries, MR physics and the most important techniques used by chemists in the characterization of MRI agents from every angle from synthesis to safety considerations. Is written for all of those involved in the development and application of contrast agents in MRI. Presented in colour, it provides readers with true representation and easy interpretation of the images. A word from the Authors: Twelve years after the first edition published, we are convinced that the chemistry of MRI agents has a bright future. By assembling all important information on the design principles and functioning of magnetic resonance imaging probes, this book intends to be a useful tool for both experts and newcomers in the field. We hope that it helps inspire further work in order to create more efficient and specific imaging probes that will allow materializing the dream of seeing even deeper and better inside the living organisms. Reviews of the First Edition: "...attempts, for the first time, to review the whole spectrum of involved chemical disciplines in this technique..."—Journal of the American Chemical Society "...well balanced in its scope and attention to detail...a valuable addition to the library of MR scientists..."—NMR in Biomedicine
Author : Eric Joseph Werner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780549173250
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (732 download)
Download or read book Design and Evaluation of Gadolinium(III) Complexes as High-relaxivity MRI Contrast Agents written by Eric Joseph Werner and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of new instrumentation and applications for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) invites the development of more efficient contrast agents. Current commercial agents employ gadolinium(III) complexes of polyaminocarboxylate ligands and achieve modest relaxivities (increase in water proton longitudinal relaxation) due to a low number of coordinated water molecules (q = 1) and slow water exchange rates. Raymond and coworkers (University of California, Berkeley) have developed a family of stable hydroxypyridinone (HOPO)-based Gd(III) chelates that show promise as next-generation contrast agents due to an increased hydration number and faster water exchange rates leading to relaxivities that are about twice the values for commercial agents. A unique aspect of these compounds is that, unlike what is observed for currently used clinical agents, the relaxivity does not typically decrease with increasing magnetic field strength (e.g. 3 T).
Download or read book Uniquely Branched and Structurally Versatile Lanthanide-based Contrast Agents for MRI written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marco Giardiello
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (55 download)
Download or read book High Relaxivity Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) written by Marco Giardiello and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nicholas J. Darton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107031095
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biosensing and Medicine written by Nicholas J. Darton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing together topics from a wide range of disciplines, and featuring up-to-date examples of clinical usage and research applications, this text provides a comprehensive insight into the fundamentals of magnetic biosensors and the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine.
Author : Brian M. Dale
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119013038
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)
Download or read book MRI written by Brian M. Dale and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fifth edition of the most accessible introduction to MRI principles and applications from renowned teachers in the field provides an understandable yet comprehensive update. Accessible introductory guide from renowned teachers in the field Provides a concise yet thorough introduction for MRI focusing on fundamental physics, pulse sequences, and clinical applications without presenting advanced math Takes a practical approach, including up-to-date protocols, and supports technical concepts with thorough explanations and illustrations Highlights sections that are directly relevant to radiology board exams Presents new information on the latest scan techniques and applications including 3 Tesla whole body scanners, safety issues, and the nephrotoxic effects of gadolinium-based contrast media
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (495 download)
Download or read book Synthesis, Characterization, and Determination of Relaxivities for Glycoamido-dtpa Polymers for Use as MRI Contrast Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gd-HOPO Based High Relaxivity MRI Contrast Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tris-bidentate HOPO-based ligands developed in our laboratory were designed to complement the coordination preferences of Gd{sup 3+}, especially its oxophilicity. The HOPO ligands provide a hexadentate coordination environment for Gd{sup 3+} in which all he donor atoms are oxygen. Because Gd{sup 3+} favors eight or nine coordination, this design provides two to three open sites for inner-sphere water molecules. These water molecules rapidly exchange with bulk solution, hence affecting the relaxation rates of bulk water olecules. The parameters affecting the efficiency of these contrast agents have been tuned to improve contrast while still maintaining a high thermodynamic stability for Gd{sup 3+} binding. The Gd- HOPO-based contrast agents surpass current commercially available agents ecause of a higher number of inner-sphere water molecules, rapid exchange of inner-sphere water molecules via an associative mechanism, and a long electronic relaxation time. The contrast enhancement provided by these agents is at least twice that of commercial contrast gents, which are based on polyaminocarboxylate ligands.
Author : Costica Caizer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119754747
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine written by Costica Caizer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine Explores the application of magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and alternative cancer therapy Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine addresses recent progress in improving diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and using non-invasive and non-toxic magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia. Focusing on cancer diagnosis and alternative therapy, the book covers both fundamental principles and advanced theoretical and experimental research on the magnetic properties, biocompatibilization, biofunctionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Chapters written by a panel of international specialists in the field of magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine cover magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), MRI contrast agents, biomedical imaging, modeling and simulation, nanobiotechnology, toxicity issues, and more. Readers are provided with accurate information on the use of magnetic nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery, and alternative cancer therapeutics—featuring discussion of current problems, proposed solutions, and future research directions. Topics include current applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in nanomedicine and alternative cancer therapy: drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, superparamagnetic hyperthermia as alternative cancer therapy, magnetic hyperthermia in clinical trials, and simulating the physics of magnetic particle heating for cancer therapy. This comprehensive volume: Covers both general research on magnetic nanoparticles in medicine and specific applications in cancer therapeutics Discusses the use of magnetic nanoparticles in alternative cancer therapy by magnetic and superparamagnetic hyperthermia Explores targeted medication delivery using magnetic nanoparticles as a future replacement of conventional techniques Reviews the use of MRI with magnetic nanoparticles to increase the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of nanomagnetism, magnetic nanoparticles, nanobiomaterials, nanobioengineering, biopharmaceuticals nanobiotechnologies, nanomedicine, and biopharmaceuticals, particularly those focused on alternative cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
