High Efficiency Low Emission Refrigeration System

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High Efficiency, Low Emission Refrigeration System

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis High Efficiency, Low Emission Refrigeration System by :

Download or read book High Efficiency, Low Emission Refrigeration System written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supermarket refrigeration systems account for approximately 50% of supermarket energy use, placing this class of equipment among the highest energy consumers in the commercial building domain. In addition, the commonly used refrigeration system in supermarket applications is the multiplex direct expansion (DX) system, which is prone to refrigerant leaks due to its long lengths of refrigerant piping. This leakage reduces the efficiency of the system and increases the impact of the system on the environment. The high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants commonly used in these systems, coupled with the large refrigerant charge and the high refrigerant leakage rates leads to significant direct emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Methods for reducing refrigerant leakage and energy consumption are available, but underutilized. Further work needs to be done to reduce costs of advanced system designs to improve market utilization. In addition, refrigeration system retrofits that result in reduced energy consumption are needed since the majority of applications address retrofits rather than new stores. The retrofit market is also of most concern since it involves large-volume refrigerant systems with high leak rates. Finally, alternative refrigerants for new and retrofit applications are needed to reduce emissions and reduce the impact on the environment. The objective of this Collaborative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Hill Phoenix is to develop a supermarket refrigeration system that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and has 25 to 30 percent lower energy consumption than existing systems. The outcomes of this project will include the design of a low emission, high efficiency commercial refrigeration system suitable for use in current U.S. supermarkets. In addition, a prototype low emission, high efficiency supermarket refrigeration system will be produced for laboratory and field testing. Laboratory and field testing will demonstrate the high energy efficiency and low environmental impact of the refrigeration system developed in this project.

Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact Analyses of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact Analyses of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems by :

Download or read book Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact Analyses of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents energy and life cycle climate performance (LCCP) analyses of a variety of supermarket refrigeration systems to identify designs that exhibit low environmental impact and high energy efficiency. EnergyPlus was used to model refrigeration systems in a variety of climate zones across the United States. The refrigeration systems that were modeled include the traditional multiplex DX system, cascade systems with secondary loops and the transcritical CO2 system. Furthermore, a variety of refrigerants were investigated, including R-32, R-134a, R-404A, R-1234yf, R-717, and R-744. LCCP analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the operation of the various refrigeration systems over their lifetimes. Our analysis revealed that high-efficiency supermarket refrigeration systems may result in up to 44% less energy consumption and 78% reduced carbon dioxide emissions compared to the baseline multiplex DX system. This is an encouraging result for legislators, policy makers and supermarket owners to select low emission, high-efficiency commercial refrigeration system designs for future retrofit and new projects.

Drawdown

Author : Paul Hawken
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1524704652
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Drawdown by : Paul Hawken

Download or read book Drawdown written by Paul Hawken and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • New York Times bestseller • The 100 most substantive solutions to reverse global warming, based on meticulous research by leading scientists and policymakers around the world “At this point in time, the Drawdown book is exactly what is needed; a credible, conservative solution-by-solution narrative that we can do it. Reading it is an effective inoculation against the widespread perception of doom that humanity cannot and will not solve the climate crisis. Reported by-effects include increased determination and a sense of grounded hope.” —Per Espen Stoknes, Author, What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming “There’s been no real way for ordinary people to get an understanding of what they can do and what impact it can have. There remains no single, comprehensive, reliable compendium of carbon-reduction solutions across sectors. At least until now. . . . The public is hungry for this kind of practical wisdom.” —David Roberts, Vox “This is the ideal environmental sciences textbook—only it is too interesting and inspiring to be called a textbook.” —Peter Kareiva, Director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA In the face of widespread fear and apathy, an international coalition of researchers, professionals, and scientists have come together to offer a set of realistic and bold solutions to climate change. One hundred techniques and practices are described here—some are well known; some you may have never heard of. They range from clean energy to educating girls in lower-income countries to land use practices that pull carbon out of the air. The solutions exist, are economically viable, and communities throughout the world are currently enacting them with skill and determination. If deployed collectively on a global scale over the next thirty years, they represent a credible path forward, not just to slow the earth’s warming but to reach drawdown, that point in time when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere peak and begin to decline. These measures promise cascading benefits to human health, security, prosperity, and well-being—giving us every reason to see this planetary crisis as an opportunity to create a just and livable world.

Sustainable Retail Refrigeration

Author : Judith A. Evans
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470659408
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Retail Refrigeration by : Judith A. Evans

Download or read book Sustainable Retail Refrigeration written by Judith A. Evans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon emissions from the retail segment of the food cold chain are relatively high compared to other parts of the food cold chain. Studies have also shown that food temperature is less well controlled at the retail and consumer end of the cold chain. There is therefore considerable potential to optimize performance of refrigerated display cabinets and the refrigeration systems that are used to operate them to reduce carbon emissions and to improve food temperature control. Sustainable Retail Refrigeration draws together world experts on retail refrigeration. In a single resource, the authors cover the latest technologies and best current knowledge in the field. With increasing concerns about energy use and global warming gasses, retailers are increasingly being called to account for their actions. Sustainable Retail Refrigeration is a valuable reference to manufacturers, managers and policy makers, incorporating both a design and an operational perspective.

Development of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerant Solutions for Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using a Life Cycle Climate Performance Design Tool

Download Development of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerant Solutions for Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using a Life Cycle Climate Performance Design Tool PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerant Solutions for Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using a Life Cycle Climate Performance Design Tool by :

Download or read book Development of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerant Solutions for Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using a Life Cycle Climate Performance Design Tool written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commercial refrigeration systems are known to be prone to high leak rates and to consume large amounts of electricity. As such, direct emissions related to refrigerant leakage and indirect emissions resulting from primary energy consumption contribute greatly to their Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP). In this paper, an LCCP design tool is used to evaluate the performance of a typical commercial refrigeration system with alternative refrigerants and minor system modifications to provide lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerant solutions with improved LCCP compared to baseline systems. The LCCP design tool accounts for system performance, ambient temperature, and system load; system performance is evaluated using a validated vapor compression system simulation tool while ambient temperature and system load are devised from a widely used building energy modeling tool (EnergyPlus). The LCCP design tool also accounts for the change in hourly electricity emission rate to yield an accurate prediction of indirect emissions. The analysis shows that conventional commercial refrigeration system life cycle emissions are largely due to direct emissions associated with refrigerant leaks and that system efficiency plays a smaller role in the LCCP. However, as a transition occurs to low GWP refrigerants, the indirect emissions become more relevant. Low GWP refrigerants may not be suitable for drop-in replacements in conventional commercial refrigeration systems; however some mixtures may be introduced as transitional drop-in replacements. These transitional refrigerants have a significantly lower GWP than baseline refrigerants and as such, improved LCCP. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the tradeoffs between refrigerant GWP, efficiency and capacity.

Refrigeration units in marine vessels

Author : Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Hafner
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289359412
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Refrigeration units in marine vessels by : Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Hafner

Download or read book Refrigeration units in marine vessels written by Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Hafner and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fishing vessels can be equipped with energy efficient refrigeration technology applying natural working fluids. Ammonia refrigeration systems have been the first choice, but CO2 units have also become increasingly common in the maritime sector in the last few years. When retrofitting or implementing CO2 refrigeration plants, less space on board is required and such units allow good service and maintenance. Nowadays, cruise ship owners prefer CO2 units for the provision refrigeration plants.Ship owners, responsible for the health and safety of the crew and passengers, must carefully evaluate the usage of flammable low GWP working fluids, due to a high risk that toxic decomposition products are formed, even without the presence of an open flame. Suggestions for further work include a Nordic Technology Hub for global marine refrigeration R&D and development support for key components.

CO2 as a Refrigerant

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782362150050
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis CO2 as a Refrigerant by :

Download or read book CO2 as a Refrigerant written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advanced Energy Systems, Second Edition

Author : Nikolai V. Khartchenko
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 143988658X
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Energy Systems, Second Edition by : Nikolai V. Khartchenko

Download or read book Advanced Energy Systems, Second Edition written by Nikolai V. Khartchenko and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition to a popular first provides a comprehensive, fully updated treatment of advanced conventional power generation and cogeneration plants, as well as alternative energy technologies. Organized into two parts: Conventional Power Generation Technology and Renewable and Emerging Clean Energy Systems, the book covers the fundamentals, analysis, design, and practical aspects of advanced energy systems, thus supplying a strong theoretical background for highly efficient energy conversion. New and enhanced topics include: Large-scale solar thermal electric and photovoltaic (PV) plants Advanced supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam power generation technologies Advanced coal- and gas-fired power plants (PP) with high conversion efficiency and low environmental impact Hybrid/integrated (i.e., fossil fuel + REN) power generation technologies, such as integrated solar combined-cycle (ISCC) Clean energy technologies, including "clean coal," H2 and fuel cell, plus integrated power and cogeneration plants (i.e., conventional PP + fuel cell stacks) Emerging trends, including magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-generator and controlled thermonuclear fusion reactor technologies with low/zero CO2 emissions Large capacity offshore and on-land wind farms, as well as other renewable (REN) power generation technologies using hydro, geothermal, ocean, and bio energy systems Containing over 50 solved examples, plus problem sets, full figures, appendices, references, and property data, this practical guide to modern energy technologies serves energy engineering students and professionals alike in design calculations of energy systems.

Refrigeration Systems and Applications

Author : Ibrahim Dinçer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119230756
Total Pages : 747 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Refrigeration Systems and Applications by : Ibrahim Dinçer

Download or read book Refrigeration Systems and Applications written by Ibrahim Dinçer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-30 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive text/reference for students, researchers and practicing engineers This book provides comprehensive coverage on refrigeration systems and applications, ranging from the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to food cooling applications for a wide range of sectoral utilizations. Energy and exergy analyses as well as performance assessments through energy and exergy efficiencies and energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance are explored, and numerous analysis techniques, models, correlations and procedures are introduced with examples and case studies. There are specific sections allocated to environmental impact assessment and sustainable development studies. Also featured are discussions of important recent developments in the field, including those stemming from the author’s pioneering research. Refrigeration is a uniquely positioned multi-disciplinary field encompassing mechanical, chemical, industrial and food engineering, as well as chemistry. Its wide-ranging applications mean that the industry plays a key role in national and international economies. And it continues to be an area of active research, much of it focusing on making the technology as environmentally friendly and sustainable as possible without compromising cost efficiency and effectiveness. This substantially updated and revised edition of the classic text/reference now features two new chapters devoted to renewable-energy-based integrated refrigeration systems and environmental impact/sustainability assessment. All examples and chapter-end problems have been updated as have conversion factors and the thermophysical properties of an array of materials. Provides a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies Examines fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, refrigerants, as well as energy and exergy analyses and energy and exergy based performance assessment criteria and approaches Introduces environmental impact assessment methods and sustainability evaluation of refrigeration systems and applications Covers basic and advanced (and hence integrated) refrigeration cycles and systems, as well as a range of novel applications Discusses crucial industrial, technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis Features clear explanations, numerous chapter-end problems and worked-out examples Refrigeration Systems and Applications, Third Edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines.

Department of Energy fiscal year 2014 justifications

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1428 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Department of Energy fiscal year 2014 justifications by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development

Download or read book Department of Energy fiscal year 2014 justifications written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Integration of Trigeneration and CO2 Based Refrigeration Systems for Energy Conservation

Author : I. Nyoman Suamir
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Trigeneration and CO2 Based Refrigeration Systems for Energy Conservation by : I. Nyoman Suamir

Download or read book Integration of Trigeneration and CO2 Based Refrigeration Systems for Energy Conservation written by I. Nyoman Suamir and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food retail with large supermarkets consumes significant amounts of energy. The environmental impact is also significant because of the indirect effect from CO2 emissions at the power stations and due to the direct effect arising from refrigerant leakage to the atmosphere. The application of trigeneration (local combined heat, power and refrigeration) can provide substantial improvements in the overall energy efficiency over the conventional supermarket energy approach of separate provision of electrical power and thermal energy. The use of natural refrigerants such as CO2 offers the opportunity to reduce the direct impacts of refrigeration compared to conventional systems employing HFC refrigerants that possess high global warming potential. One approach through which the overall energy efficiency can be increased and the environmental impacts reduced, is through the integration of trigeneration and CO2 refrigeration systems where the cooling generated by the trigeneration system is used to condense the CO2 refrigerant in a cascade arrangement. This research project investigates experimentally and theoretically, through mathematical modelling and simulation, such a system and its potential application to supermarkets. A small size CO2 refrigeration system for low and medium food temperature applications was designed and constructed to enable it to be integrated with an existing trigeneration system in the refrigeration laboratory at Brunel University to form an integrated trigeneration and CO2 refrigeration test facility. Prior to the construction, the design of the system was investigated using mathematical models developed for this purpose. The simulations included the CO2 refrigeration system, CO2 evaporator coils and the integration of the trigeneration and CO2 refrigeration systems. The physical size of the design and component arrangement was also optimised in a 3D AutoCAD model. A series of experimental tests were carried out and the results showed that the medium temperature system could achieve a very good COP, ranging from 32 to 60 due to the low pumping power requirement of the liquid refrigerant. The low temperature system performed with average steady state COP of 4, giving an overall refrigeration system COP in the range between 5.5 and 6. Mathematical models were also developed to investigate the application of the integrated trigeneration and CO2 refrigeration system in a case study supermarket. The models were validated against test results in the laboratory and manufacturers' data. The fuel utilisation efficiency and environmental impacts of different trigeneration and CO2 refrigeration arrangements were also evaluated. The results indicated that a system comprising of a sub-critical CO2 refrigeration system integrated with a trigeneration system consisting of a micro-turbine based Combined Heat and Power (CHP) unit and ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system could provide energy savings of the order of 15% and CO2 emission savings of the order of 30% compared to conventional supermarket energy systems. Employing a trigeneration system with a natural gas engine based CHP and Lithium Bromide-Water sorption refrigeration system, could offer energy savings of 30% and CO2 emission savings of 43% over a conventional energy system arrangement. Economic analysis of the system has shown a promising payback period of just over 3 years compared to conventional systems.

Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps

Author : Fabio Polonara
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039438239
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps by : Fabio Polonara

Download or read book Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps written by Fabio Polonara and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.

Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2014

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Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2014 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development

Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2014 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Comparative Study on the Environmental Impact of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems Using Low GWP Refrigerants

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis A Comparative Study on the Environmental Impact of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems Using Low GWP Refrigerants by :

Download or read book A Comparative Study on the Environmental Impact of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems Using Low GWP Refrigerants written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supermarket refrigeration systems have high environmental impact due to their large refrigerant charge and high leak rates. Consequently, the interest in using low GWP refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and new refrigerant blends is increasing. In this study, an open-source Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) framework is presented and used to compare the environmental impact of four supermarket refrigeration systems: a transcritical CO2 booster system, a cascade CO2/N-40 system, a combined secondary circuit with central DX N-40/L-40 system, and a baseline multiplex direct expansion system utilizing R-404A and N-40. The study is performed for different climates within the USA using EnergyPlus to simulate the systems' hourly performance. Finally, further analyses are presented such as parametric, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses to study the impact of different system parameters on the LCCP.

Spinoff

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoff by :

Download or read book Spinoff written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Laboratory Tests of a Prototype Carbon Dioxide Ground-source Air Conditioner

Author : Harrison Skye
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Laboratory Tests of a Prototype Carbon Dioxide Ground-source Air Conditioner by : Harrison Skye

Download or read book Laboratory Tests of a Prototype Carbon Dioxide Ground-source Air Conditioner written by Harrison Skye and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental concerns are driving regulations to reduce the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with high global warming potential (GWP) as refrigerants in heat pumps. CO2 is an attractive alternative refrigerant because is it environmentally friendly in terms of direct emissions, with GWP=1, and no ozone depletion potential (ODP). However, CO2 heat pumps generally have a lower efficiency than HFC-based systems, and therefore have higher indirect emissions, related to generating the electricity that powers them. The indirect emissions dwarf the direct emissions for most heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration applications, so it is critical for the equipment to operate with high efficiency. CO2 air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) provide cooling with particularly low efficiency at high ambient temperatures where the CO2 operates in a transcritical cycle. Using CO2 in a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) offers the potential to overcome the low efficiency since a GSHP operates with lower heat-rejection temperature (for cooling), enabling the system to operate some of the time in a more-efficient subcritical cycle. This report details the laboratory tests of a prototype residential liquid-to-air ground-source air conditioner (GSAC) using CO2 as the refrigerant. The tests were performed in an environmental chamber and followed the ISO 13256-1 standard for rating GSHPs. The CO2 GSAC operated either in a subcritical or a transcritical cycle, depending on the entering liquid temperature (ELT). The test results included the coefficient of performance (COP), capacity, sensible heat ratio (SHR), and pressures. The system incorporated a liquid-line/suction-line heat exchanger (LLSL-HX), which was estimated to cause a COP penalty of (0 to 2) % for ELTs ranging (10 to 25) [degrees]C, and benefit of (0 to 5) % for ELTs ranging (30 to 39) [degrees]C. The CO2 system was compared to a low-cost , commercially-available R410A-based GSHP. With ELTs ranging (10 to 39) [degrees]C the CO2 system cooling COP ranged (7.3 to 2.4), whereas the R410A system values ranged (6.1 to 3.2). At the standard rating condition (ELT 25 [degrees]C), the CO2 GSAC cooling COP was 4.14 and the R410A GSHP COP was 4.57. At part-load conditions (ELT 20 [degrees]C) both systems had a COP of ?4.92. Further effort is needed to increase the CO2 system efficiency at ELTs greater than 20 [degrees]C, since it underperformed the R410A system in that temperature range.

Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies

Author : Gaspar, Pedro Dinis
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466683996
Total Pages : 1037 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies by : Gaspar, Pedro Dinis

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies written by Gaspar, Pedro Dinis and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 1037 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the sustainability and safety of perishable foods has become a major consumer concern, and refrigeration systems play an important role in the processing, distribution, and storage of such foods. To improve the efficiency of food preservation technologies, it is necessary to explore new technological and scientific advances both in materials and processes. The Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies gathers state-of-the-art research related to thermal performance and energy-efficiency. Covering a diverse array of subjects—from the challenges of surface-area frost-formation on evaporators to the carbon footprint of refrigerant chemicals—this publication provides a broad insight into the optimization of cold-supply chains and serves as an essential reference text for undergraduate students, practicing engineers, researchers, educators, and policymakers.