Hf Based Etching Processes For Improving Laser Damage Resistance Of Fused Silica Optical Surfaces

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HF-based Etching Processes for Improving Laser Damage Resistance of Fused Silica Optical Surfaces

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis HF-based Etching Processes for Improving Laser Damage Resistance of Fused Silica Optical Surfaces by :

Download or read book HF-based Etching Processes for Improving Laser Damage Resistance of Fused Silica Optical Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of various HF-based etching processes on the laser damage resistance of scratched fused silica surfaces has been investigated. Conventionally polished and subsequently scratched fused silica plates were treated by submerging in various HF-based etchants (HF or NH4F:HF at various ratios and concentrations) under different process conditions (e.g., agitation frequencies, etch times, rinse conditions, and environmental cleanliness). Subsequently, the laser damage resistance (at 351 or 355 nm) of the treated surface was measured. The laser damage resistance was found to be strongly process dependent and scaled inversely with scratch width. The etching process was optimized to remove or prevent the presence of identified precursors (chemical impurities, fracture surfaces, and silica-based redeposit) known to lead to laser damage initiation. The redeposit precursor was reduced (and hence the damage threshold was increased) by: (1) increasing the SiF62− solubility through reduction in the NH4F concentration and impurity cation impurities, and (2) improving the mass transport of reaction product (SiF62−) (using high frequency ultrasonic agitation and excessive spray rinsing) away from the etched surface. A 2D finite element crack-etching and rinsing mass transport model (incorporating diffusion and advection) was used to predict reaction product concentration. The predictions are consistent with the experimentally observed process trends. The laser damage thresholds also increased with etched amount (up to ≈30 [mu]m), which has been attributed to: (1) etching through lateral cracks where there is poor acid penetration, and (2) increasing the crack opening resulting in increased mass transport rates. With the optimized etch process, laser damage resistance increased dramatically; the average threshold fluence for damage initiation for 30 [mu]m wide scratches increased from 7 to 41 J/cm2, and the statistical probability of damage initiation at 12 J/cm2 of an ensemble of scratches decreased from ≈100 mm−1 of scratch length to ≈0.001 mm−1.

Schetsen, bevattende ziel-, mensch-, opvoed- en onderwijskundige grondtrekken

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (669 download)

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Book Synopsis Schetsen, bevattende ziel-, mensch-, opvoed- en onderwijskundige grondtrekken by :

Download or read book Schetsen, bevattende ziel-, mensch-, opvoed- en onderwijskundige grondtrekken written by and published by . This book was released on 1820 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thermal Annealing of Laser Damage Precursors on Fused Silica Surfaces

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Annealing of Laser Damage Precursors on Fused Silica Surfaces by :

Download or read book Thermal Annealing of Laser Damage Precursors on Fused Silica Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies have identified two significant precursors of laser damage on fused silica surfaces at fluenes below H"35 J/cm2, photoactive impurities in the polishing layer and surface fractures. In the present work, isothermal heating is studied as a means of remediating the highly absorptive, defect structure associated with surface fractures. A series of Vickers indentations were applied to silica surfaces at loads between 0.5N and 10N creating fracture networks between H"10{micro}m and H"50{micro}m in diameter. The indentations were characterized prior to and following thermal annealing under various times and temperature conditions using confocal time-resolved photo-luminescence (CTP) imaging, and R/1 optical damage testing with 3ns, 355nm laser pulses. Significant improvements in the damage thresholds, together with corresponding reductions in CTP intensity, were observed at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature (T{sub g}). For example, the damage threshold on 05.N indentations which typically initiates at fluences 8 J/cm2 could be improved35 J/cm2 through the use of a H"750 C thermal treatment. Larger fracture networks required longer or higher temperature treatment to achieve similar results. At an annealing temperature> 1100 C, optical microscopy indicates morphological changes in some of the fracture structure of indentations, although remnants of the original fracture and significant deformation was still observed after thermal annealing. This study demonstrates the potential of using isothermal annealing as a means of improving the laser damage resistance of fused silica optical components. Similarly, it provides a means of further understanding the physics associated with optical damage and related mitigation processes.

Combined Advanced Finishing and UV-Laser Conditioning for Producing UV-Damage-Resistant Fused Silica Optics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Combined Advanced Finishing and UV-Laser Conditioning for Producing UV-Damage-Resistant Fused Silica Optics by :

Download or read book Combined Advanced Finishing and UV-Laser Conditioning for Producing UV-Damage-Resistant Fused Silica Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser induced damage initiation on fused silica optics can limit the lifetime of the components when used in high power UV laser environments. Foe example in inertial confinement fusion research applications, the optics can be exposed to temporal laser pulses of about 3-nsec with average fluences of 8 J/cm2 and peak fluences between 12 and 15 J/cm2. During the past year, we have focused on optimizing the damage performance at a wavelength of 355-nm (3[omega]), 3-nsec pulse length, for optics in this category by examining a variety of finishing technologies with a challenge to improve the laser damage initiation density by at least two orders of magnitude. In this paper, we describe recent advances in improving the 3[omega] damage initiation performance of laboratory-scale zirconium oxide and cerium oxide conventionally finished fused silica optics via application of processes incorporating magnetorheological finishing (MRF), wet chemical etching, and UV laser conditioning. Details of the advanced finishing procedures are described and comparisons are made between the procedures based upon large area 3[omega] damage performance, polishing layer contamination, and optical subsurface damage.

Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials

Author : Detlev Ristau
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439872163
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials by : Detlev Ristau

Download or read book Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by Detlev Ristau and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-03 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dedicated to users and developers of high-powered systems, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials focuses on the research field of laser-induced damage and explores the significant and steady growth of applications for high-power lasers in the academic, industrial, and military arenas. Written by renowned experts in the field, this book concentrates on the major topics of laser-induced damage in optical materials and most specifically addresses research in laser damage that occurs in the bulk and on the surface or the coating of optical components. It considers key issues in the field of high-power laser coatings, factoring in the effects of contamination and providing insight into typical application areas. Become Familiar with the Key Areas of Modern Photonics The text first provides a basic understanding of theoretical and experimental methods and then summarizes the current progress, strategies, and improvements occurring within the field of laser-induced damage. Divided into four sections, this book outlines apparent trends in modeling, and discusses measurement and evaluation techniques for laser damage thresholds in the context of international standardization and scaling laws for damage thresholds. This seminal work: Covers the major aspects of laser damage Considers all important aspects in industry and research Reviews laser damage effects in material and surfaces Contains chapters contributed by leading scientists in the field Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials details a variety of fundamental investigations in laser-induced damage mechanisms and functions as a valuable reference for researchers and producers of laser components, laser and photonics engineers and scientists, as well as users of laser technology and thin film optics.

Solid State Lasers Materials, Technologies and Applications

Author : Federico Pirzio
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038428418
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Solid State Lasers Materials, Technologies and Applications by : Federico Pirzio

Download or read book Solid State Lasers Materials, Technologies and Applications written by Federico Pirzio and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Solid State Lasers Materials, Technologies and Applications" that was published in Applied Sciences

Materials Science and Technology of Optical Fabrication

Author : Tayyab I. Suratwala
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119423783
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials Science and Technology of Optical Fabrication by : Tayyab I. Suratwala

Download or read book Materials Science and Technology of Optical Fabrication written by Tayyab I. Suratwala and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the fundamental science of grinding and polishing by examining the chemical and mechanical interactions over many scale lengths Manufacturing next generation optics has been, and will continue to be, enablers for enhancing the performance of advanced laser, imaging, and spectroscopy systems. This book reexamines the age-old field of optical fabrication from a materials-science perspective, specifically the multiple, complex interactions between the workpiece (optic), slurry, and lap. It also describes novel characterization and fabrication techniques to improve and better understand the optical fabrication process, ultimately leading to higher quality optics with higher yield. Materials Science and Technology of Optical Fabrication is divided into two major parts. The first part describes the phenomena and corresponding process parameters affecting both the grinding and polishing processes during optical fabrication. It then relates them to the critical resulting properties of the optic (surface quality, surface figure, surface roughness, and material removal rate). The second part of the book covers a number of related topics including: developed forensic tools used to increase yield of optics with respect to surface quality (scratch/dig) and fracture loss; novel characterization and fabrication techniques used to understand/quantify the fundamental phenomena described in the first part of the book; novel and recent optical fabrication processes and their connection with the fundamental interactions; and finally, special techniques utilized to fabricate optics with high damage resistance. Focuses on the fundamentals of grinding and polishing, from a materials science viewpoint, by studying the chemical and mechanical interactions/phenomena over many scale lengths between the workpiece, slurry, and lap Explains how these phenomena affect the major characteristics of the optic workpiece—namely surface figure, surface quality, surface roughness, and material removal rate Describes methods to improve the major characteristics of the workpiece as well as improve process yield, such as through fractography and scratch forensics Covers novel characterization and fabrication techniques used to understand and quantify the fundamental phenomena of various aspects of the workpiece or fabrication process Details novel and recent optical fabrication processes and their connection with the fundamental interactions Materials Science and Technology of Optical Fabrication is an excellent guidebook for process engineers, fabrication engineers, manufacturing engineers, optical scientists, and opticians in the optical fabrication industry. It will also be helpful for students studying material science and applied optics/photonics.

FY07 LDRD Final Report A Fracture Mechanics and Tribology Approach to Understanding Subsurface Damage on Fused Silica During Grinding and Polishing

Download FY07 LDRD Final Report A Fracture Mechanics and Tribology Approach to Understanding Subsurface Damage on Fused Silica During Grinding and Polishing PDF Online Free

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis FY07 LDRD Final Report A Fracture Mechanics and Tribology Approach to Understanding Subsurface Damage on Fused Silica During Grinding and Polishing by :

Download or read book FY07 LDRD Final Report A Fracture Mechanics and Tribology Approach to Understanding Subsurface Damage on Fused Silica During Grinding and Polishing written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to develop a solid scientific understanding of the creation and characteristics of surface fractures formed during the grinding and polishing of brittle materials, specifically glass. In this study, we have experimentally characterized the morphology, number density, and depth distribution of various surface cracks as a function of various grinding and polishing processes (blanchard, fixed abrasive grinding, loose abrasive, pitch polishing and pad polishing). Also, the effects of load, abrasive particle (size, distribution, foreign particles, geometry, velocity), and lap material (pitch, pad) were examined. The resulting data were evaluated in terms of indentation fracture mechanics and tribological interactions (science of interacting surfaces) leading to several models to explain crack distribution behavior of ground surfaces and to explain the characteristics of scratches formed during polishing. This project has greatly advanced the scientific knowledge of microscopic mechanical damage occurring during grinding and polishing and has been of general interest. This knowledge-base has also enabled the design and optimization of surface finishing processes to create optical surfaces with far superior laser damage resistance. There are five major areas of scientific progress as a result of this LDRD. They are listed in Figure 1 and described briefly in this summary below. The details of this work are summarized through a number of published manuscripts which are included this LDRD Final Report. In the first area of grinding, we developed a technique to quantitatively and statistically measure the depth distribution of surface fractures (i.e., subsurface damage) in fused silica as function of various grinding processes using mixtures of various abrasive particles size distributions. The observed crack distributions were explained using a model that extended known, single brittle indentation models to an ensemble of loaded, sliding particles. The model illustrates the importance of the particle size distribution of the abrasive and its influence on the resulting crack distribution. The results of these studies are summarized in references 1-7. In the second area of polishing, we conducted a series of experiments showing the influence of rogue particles (i.e., particles in the polishing slurry that are larger than base particles) on the creation of scratches on polished surfaces. Scratches can be thought of a as a specific type of sub-surface damage. The characteristics (width, length, type of fractures, concentration) were explained in terms of the rogue particle size, the rogue particle material, and the viscoelastic properties of the lap. The results of these studies are summarized in references 6-7. In the third area of etching, we conducted experiments aimed at understanding the effect of HF:NH4F acid etching on surface fractures on fused silica. Etching can be used as a method: (a) to expose sub-surface mechanical damage, (b) to study the morphology of specific mechanical damage occurring by indentation, and (c) to convert a ground surface containing a high concentration of sub-surface mechanical damage into surface roughness. Supporting models have been developed to describe in detail the effect of etching on the morphology and evolution of surface cracks. The results of these studies are summarized in references 8-9. In the fourth area of scratch forensics or scratch fractography, a set of new scratch forensic rule-of-thumbs were developed in order to aid the optical fabricator and process engineer to interpret the cause of scratches and digs on surfaces. The details of how these rules were developed are described in each of the references included in this summary (1-9). Figure 2 provides as a summary of some of the more commonly used rules-of-thumbs that have been developed in this study. In the fifth and final area of laser damage, we demonstrated that the removal of such surface fractures from the surface during optical fabrication can dramatically improve the laser damage.

Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Optics Manufacturing

Author : Christoph Gerhard
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351230840
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Optics Manufacturing by : Christoph Gerhard

Download or read book Optics Manufacturing written by Christoph Gerhard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical components are essential key elements in modern engineering and everyday life. The education of skilled personnel and specialists in the fields of theoretical and practical optics manufacturing is of essential importance for next-generation technologies. Against this background, this book provides the basis for the education and advanced training of precision and ophthalmic optics technicians, craftsmen, and foremen, and it is an extensive reference work for students, academics, optical designers or shop managers, and production engineers. It not only covers particularly used and applied machines, working materials, testing procedures, and machining steps for classical optics manufacturing, but it also addresses the production and specification of optical glasses as well as unconventional production techniques and novel approaches. Optics Manufacturing: Components and Systems furthermore covers the basics of light propagation and provides an overview on optical materials and components; presents an introduction and explanation of the necessary considerations and procedures for the initial definition of manufacturing tolerances and the relevant industrial standards for optics manufacturing; and addresses the production of micro optics, the assembly of opto-mechanical setups and possible manufacturing errors, and the impact of the resulting inaccuracies. In order to allow fast and clear access to the most essential information, each chapter ends with a short summary of the most important aspects, including an explanation of relevant equations, symbols, and abbreviations. For further reading, extensive lists of references are also provided. Finally, exercises on the covered basic principles of optics, approaches, and techniques of optics manufacturing—including their corresponding detailed solutions—are found in the appendix.

Study of the Effects of Polishing, Etching, Cleaving, and Water Leaching on the UV Laser Damage of Fused Silica

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Study of the Effects of Polishing, Etching, Cleaving, and Water Leaching on the UV Laser Damage of Fused Silica by :

Download or read book Study of the Effects of Polishing, Etching, Cleaving, and Water Leaching on the UV Laser Damage of Fused Silica written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A damage morphology study was performed with a 355 nm Nd:YAG laser on synthetic UV-grade fused silica to determine the effects of post- polish chemical etching on laser-induced damage, compare damage morphologies of cleaved and polished surfaces, and understand the effects of the hydrolyzed surface layer and waste-crack interactions. The samples were polished, then chemically etched in buffered HF solution to remove 45,90,135, and 180 nm of surface material. Another set of samples was cleaved and soaked in boiling distilled water for 1 second and 1 hour. All the samples were irradiated at damaging fluencies and characterized by Normarski optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Damage was initiated as micro-pits on both input and output surfaces of the polished fused silica sample. At higher fluencies, the micro-pits generated cracks on the surface. Laser damage of the polished surface showed significant trace contamination levels within a 50 nm surface layer. Micro-pit formation also appeared after irradiating cleaved fused silica surfaces at damaging fluences. Linear damage tracks corresponding cleaving tracks were often observed on cleaved surfaces. Soaking cleaved samples in water produced wide laser damage tracks.

Silicon Anodization as a Structuring Technique

Author : Alexey Ivanov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3658192380
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (581 download)

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Book Synopsis Silicon Anodization as a Structuring Technique by : Alexey Ivanov

Download or read book Silicon Anodization as a Structuring Technique written by Alexey Ivanov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-10 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexey Ivanov investigates the application of a silicon anodization process as a three-dimensional structuring technique, where silicon is transformed into porous silicon as a sacrificial layer or directly dissolved in electropolishing regime. The work contains a detailed state of the art, experimental studies and modeling of the process for basic shape controlling techniques. Limitations of the developed FEM model with secondary current distribution are discussed.

Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2012 Edition

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Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481645293
Total Pages : 1446 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

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Book Synopsis Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 1446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Molecular Modeling. The editors have built Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Molecular Modeling in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

1.06 ?m Laser-Induced Breakdown of CO2-Laser-Polished Fused SiO2

Author : PA. Temple
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis 1.06 ?m Laser-Induced Breakdown of CO2-Laser-Polished Fused SiO2 by : PA. Temple

Download or read book 1.06 ?m Laser-Induced Breakdown of CO2-Laser-Polished Fused SiO2 written by PA. Temple and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fused silica surfaces have been treated with continuous wave CO2-laser radiation in an improved raster technique. Laser damage data for 1.06-?m, 9-nsec, small-spot irradiation are presented. It is shown that a reasonably sharp transition from laser damage prone to laser damage resistant surfaces takes place over a small CO2-laser power range. The transition to high damage resistance takes place at a silica surface temperature where material flow begins to take place, as evidenced by the onset of residual strain in the CO2-processed part. These data are taken as evidence that microcrack healing is an important mechanism in increased damage resistance in CO2-polished parts. Also presented are data which show that CO2-treated surfaces have a small-spot damage threshold at least as high as the bulk damage threshold of SiO2. In addition, these treated parts show no obvious change in surface appearance, as seen in total internal reflection microscopy. They also show little change in transmissive figure. It is suggested that uniform preheating be used to eliminate the strain presently seen in CO2-treated parts.

Comprehensive Materials Finishing

Author : M.S.J. Hashmi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128032502
Total Pages : 1467 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Materials Finishing by : M.S.J. Hashmi

Download or read book Comprehensive Materials Finishing written by M.S.J. Hashmi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 1467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finish Manufacturing Processes are those final stage processing techniques which are deployed to bring a product to readiness for marketing and putting in service. Over recent decades a number of finish manufacturing processes have been newly developed by researchers and technologists. Many of these developments have been reported and illustrated in existing literature in a piecemeal manner or in relation only to specific applications. For the first time, Comprehensive Materials Finishing, Three Volume Set integrates a wide body of this knowledge and understanding into a single, comprehensive work. Containing a mixture of review articles, case studies and research findings resulting from R & D activities in industrial and academic domains, this reference work focuses on how some finish manufacturing processes are advantageous for a broad range of technologies. These include applicability, energy and technological costs as well as practicability of implementation. The work covers a wide range of materials such as ferrous, non-ferrous and polymeric materials. There are three main distinct types of finishing processes: Surface Treatment by which the properties of the material are modified without generally changing the physical dimensions of the surface; Finish Machining Processes by which a small layer of material is removed from the surface by various machining processes to render improved surface characteristics; and Surface Coating Processes by which the surface properties are improved by adding fine layer(s) of materials with superior surface characteristics. Each of these primary finishing processes is presented in its own volume for ease of use, making Comprehensive Materials Finishing an essential reference source for researchers and professionals at all career stages in academia and industry. Provides an interdisciplinary focus, allowing readers to become familiar with the broad range of uses for materials finishing Brings together all known research in materials finishing in a single reference for the first time Includes case studies that illustrate theory and show how it is applied in practice

Sol-Gel Derived Optical and Photonic Materials

Author : Rui Almeida
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128182369
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Sol-Gel Derived Optical and Photonic Materials by : Rui Almeida

Download or read book Sol-Gel Derived Optical and Photonic Materials written by Rui Almeida and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol-gel processing is a low temperature, low cost wet chemistry route to a range of different materials, particularly glassy and ceramic oxides, including nanoparticles and powders, fibers, thin films and membranes, or monoliths and composites. Thin films and coatings represent by far the most important category of sol-gel derived products with optical, electronic and magnetic functionalities, for example photoresist and dielectric spin-on-glass layers, flat screen displays, anti-reflection, conducting and magnetic disk coatings, as well as photochromic, electrochromic and photovoltaic coatings. Sol-gel derived materials are homogeneous at the molecular level and are a good example of a bottom-up approach to materials synthesis. There is increasing need of new optical and photonic materials with improved performance, where molecular level homogeneity and easy fabrication in film form may be especially convenient, highlighting a decisive advantage of sol-gel over other more established technologies to obtain graded index optical components, solar control coatings, phosphors, glass ceramics or multilayer photonic structures. There is no book available yet which focuses in particular on optical and photonic sol-gel derived materials. This is what makes this book unique at this point for those especially or exclusively interested in optical and photonic functional materials and applications. This book represents an important tool to update scientists and engineers with recent advances in the rapidly evolving field of optical and photonic materials, components and devices. Our target audience are those working in materials science, physics, engineering and chemistry disciplines, in particular academics and researchers working in advanced optical/photonic processing technologies, research and development engineers in high technology industries and research project leaders. This book will also be an essential tool for graduate students pursuing a PhD or even a Master’s degree. Reviews wide range of sol-gel derived coatings including reflective and anti-reflective, self-cleaning, and electrochromic Discusses latest advances in sol-gel derived photonic crystals including one dimensional, two dimensional, and three dimensional structures Addresses key applications in solid state lighting, solar cells, sensors, fiber optics, and magneto-optical devices

Modeling Wet Chemical Etching of Surface Flaws on Fused Silica

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Wet Chemical Etching of Surface Flaws on Fused Silica by :

Download or read book Modeling Wet Chemical Etching of Surface Flaws on Fused Silica written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoride-based wet chemical etching of fused silica optical components is useful to open up surface fractures for diagnostic purposes, to create surface topology, and as a possible mitigation technique to remove damaged material. To optimize the usefulness of etching, it is important to understand how the morphology of etched features changes as a function of the amount of material removed. In this study, we present two geometric etch models that describe the surface topology evolution as a function of the amount etched. The first model, referred to as the finite-difference etch model, represents the surface as an array of points in space where at each time-step the points move normal to the local surface. The second model, referred to as the surface area-volume model, more globally describes the surface evolution relating the volume of material removed to the exposed surface area. These etch models predict growth and coalescence of surface fractures such as those observed on scratches and ground surfaces. For typical surface fractures, simulations show that the transverse growth of the cracks at long etch times scales with the square root of etch time or the net material removed in agreement with experiment. The finite-difference etch model has also been applied to more complex structures such as the etching of a CO2 laser-mitigated laser damage site. The results indicate that etching has little effect on the initial morphology of this site implying little change in downstream scatter and modulation characteristics upon exposure to subsequent high fluence laser light. In the second part of the study, the geometric etch model is expanded to include fluid dynamics and mass transport. This later model serves as a foundation for understanding related processes such as the possibility of redeposition of etch reaction products during the etching, rinsing or drying processes.