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Heterogeneous Modification Of Polymers
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Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Modification of Polymers by : Joseph Jagur-Grodzinski
Download or read book Heterogeneous Modification of Polymers written by Joseph Jagur-Grodzinski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-07-07 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dealing with bulk and surface modifications, this book covers heterogeneous polymer reactions. Such reactions can yield very different products from the corresponding homogeneous reactions and are of great importance in polymer materials science today. The author combines the discussion of basic principles with outline of prospective developments leading to novel products and technologies. He concentrates on specific aspects common to heterogeneous polymeric reactions.
Book Synopsis Conducting Polymers for Interfacial Modification of Heterogeneous Polymer Blends by : Jan Hegewald
Download or read book Conducting Polymers for Interfacial Modification of Heterogeneous Polymer Blends written by Jan Hegewald and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Modification of Natural Polymers Via Nitroxide-mediated Polymerization by : Simon Kwan
Download or read book Heterogeneous Modification of Natural Polymers Via Nitroxide-mediated Polymerization written by Simon Kwan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Natural polymers like chitosan and cellulose have beneficial properties. Chitosan is being heavily researched as a potential for drug delivery, but it is not thermoresponsive, meaning that it does not change conformation when heated, a desirable property as one wants the drug to be released as it is being warmed by body temperature. Chitosan is therefore modified by grafting an acrylamide and subsequently, with a nitroxide initiator. This allows monomers to be grafted from the surface of the chitosan. Using oligo (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA8-9), 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylates (MEO2MA), and acrylonitrile, the monomers were successfully grafted from the surface of chitosan. The reaction is proven sucessful using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the thermoresponsive nature of chitosan was confirmed. Nanocrystalline cellulose is a very strong material with a large surface area to mass ratio. As such, it is currently being researched as nanocomposite reinforcer for plastics. However, cellulose is hydrophillic while most plastics are hydrophobic. Because its molecular structure is very similar to that of chitosan, a similar reaction can be used to modify the cellulose. The cellulose is modified by grafting styrene and 4-aminostyrene from the surface. This allows the surface to be hydrophobic and have amine groups. By using low-density-polyethylene modified with maleic anhydride, we believe this will give the cellulose the best chance to be well dispersed throughout the polyethylene via extrusion." --
Book Synopsis Modified Polymers, Their Preparation and Properties by : A. Romanov
Download or read book Modified Polymers, Their Preparation and Properties written by A. Romanov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modified Polymers, Their Preparation and Properties brings together the main lectures presented at the Fourth Bratislava Conference on Polymers held in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, on July 1-4, 1975. Contributors explore the properties of modified polymers and their preparation, covering topics ranging from radiation crosslinking of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate to chemical modification of polymers and the influence of chemical structure on the properties of polymers. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on crosslinking of PVC in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, studied by microcalorimetry, electron spin resonance, and structure investigation. The next chapter examines some characteristic features of chemical transformations of polymers on three examples: reactions of various organo-lithium bases onto the ester carbonyls of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); reaction of phenyl-lithium onto the carbonyl groups of PMMA; and chemical modification of polyvinylalcohol by metallation and subsequent reactions of alkylhalides or of propane sulfone. Subsequent chapters focus on how chemical structure affects polymer properties; alternating copolymer graft copolymers; acrylonitrile block and graft copolymers; and problems of polymer modification and the reactivity of functional groups of macromolecules. The final chapter is devoted to the separation and characterization of block and graft copolymers by thin-layer chromatography. This monograph will be a valuable source of information for chemists.
Book Synopsis Modification of Stable and Degradable Polymers by Heterogeneous Grafting by : Mattias Ohrlander
Download or read book Modification of Stable and Degradable Polymers by Heterogeneous Grafting written by Mattias Ohrlander and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Chemistry by : Vipavee Phuvanartnuruks
Download or read book Polymer Surface Chemistry written by Vipavee Phuvanartnuruks and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mapping Chemically Heterogeneous Polymer System Using Chemical Modification and Atomic Force Microscopy by :
Download or read book Mapping Chemically Heterogeneous Polymer System Using Chemical Modification and Atomic Force Microscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polymer Modification by : Graham G. Swift
Download or read book Polymer Modification written by Graham G. Swift and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of an ACS-PMSE Division Symposium held in Orlando, Florida, August 21-25, 1996
Book Synopsis Reactive Modifiers for Polymers by : S. Al-Malaika
Download or read book Reactive Modifiers for Polymers written by S. Al-Malaika and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical modification of polymers by reactive modifiers is no longer an academic curiosity but a commercial reality that has delivered a diverse range of speciality materials for niche markets: reactively grafted styrenic alloys, maleated polyolefins, super-tough nylons, silane modified and moisture-cured polyolefins, and thermoplastic elastomers, are but few exam ples of commercial successes. Although the approach of reactive modification of polymers has been largely achieved either in solution or in the solid state (through in situ reactions in polymer melts), it is the latter route that has attracted most attention in the last two decades owing to its flexibility and cost-effective ness. This route, referred to as reactive processing, focuses on the use of suitable reactive modifier(s) and the adoption of conventional polymer processing machinery, an extruder or a mixer, as a chemical reactor, to perform in situ targeted reactions for chemical modification of preformed polymers. This relatively simple, though scientifically highly challenging, approach to reactive modification offers unique opportunities in exploiting various reactive modifiers for the purpose of altering and transforming in a controlled manner the properties of preformed commercial polymers into new/speciality materials with tailor-made properties and custom-designed performance for target applications. Such an economically attractive route constitutes a radical diversion away from the traditional practices of manufacturing new polymers from monomers which involves massive in vestments in sophisticated technologies and chemical plants.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Polymer Modification by : Heather J. Hayes
Download or read book Heterogeneous Polymer Modification written by Heather J. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Modification of Preformed Polymeric Materials by : Guo-Feng Xu
Download or read book Surface Modification of Preformed Polymeric Materials written by Guo-Feng Xu and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Modification by : K. L. Mittal
Download or read book Polymer Surface Modification written by K. L. Mittal and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-02-28 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of polymer surface modification is of tremendous contemporary interest because of its critical importance in many and varied technological applications where polymers are used. Currently there is brisk research activity in unraveling the mechanisms of surface modification and finding ways to prolong the life of surface treatment. Also there is acute interest and need to devise new, improved and economical means to modify polymer surfaces. This book is divided into three parts as follows: Part 1: Surface Modification Techniques; Part 2: Interfacial Aspects and Adhesion; Part 3: General Papers. The topics covered include: various techniques for surface modification including plasma (both vacuum and atmospheric pressure), ozone, photografting, UV photo-oxidation, laser, use of charged particles and others for a variety of polymers; longevity of surface treatment; hydrophobic recovery; fabrication of high-density polymer nano-dots; immobilization of organometallic catalysts on textile carrier materials; polymer membrane antifouling properties; electroless metallization of polymers; effects of surface modification on interfacial shear strength of composites, cord/rubber adhesion, adhesion of UV-curable coatings and attachment of hyperbranched polymers; plasma polymerization; block copolymers; application of plasma technology in decontamination of heat-sensitive polymer surfaces. In essence this book reflects the current state-of-the-knowledge in the arena and represents the work of many renowned scientists and technologists. It should be of interest to anyone with a desire or need to learn the latest R&D activity in this domain and the information contained here should be very valuable in deciding the optimum surface modification technique for his/her particular requirements.
Book Synopsis Modification of Polymers by : Charles E. Carraher
Download or read book Modification of Polymers written by Charles E. Carraher and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983-11-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Modification of Thermoplastics and Elastomers for Heterogeneous Bonding by : Sukhjit Singh
Download or read book Surface Modification of Thermoplastics and Elastomers for Heterogeneous Bonding written by Sukhjit Singh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bonding of heterogeneous substrates, specifically polymers, is an important requirement for industries involved with the manufacture and use of products such as adhesives, coatings, and medical devices. Attempts at bonding via welding, chemical treatment, and use of adhesives are often hindered by the hydrophobic nature and chemical inertness of polymers, with many applications requiring prior surface treatment to improve compatibility between substrates. One way to modify a polymer surface is plasma treatment. This can be effective at producing hydroxyl groups on the surface of polymers which provide reactive sites for surface modification. However, plasma treatment alone cannot successfully bring together two heterogeneous substrates, a silane tethering agent is also required to chemically bond the hydroxylated surfaces with each other. In this project, the main aim was the heterogeneous bonding of elastomers to the surface of various thermoplastics by plasma treatment and using functional silanes as an intermediate between the two substrates. Specifically, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) would be bonded to polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), and nylon with the help of vinyl, glycidoxy, and amino-functionalised silane coupling agents. Alongside this, chemical treatment of PDMS was attempted in order to permanently produce a hydrophilic surface. This was carried out by bulk modification with polyethylene glycol, a well-known hydrophilic polymer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and water contact angle were used to determine the hydrophilic nature of the surface as well as observe the introduction of hydroxyl, aldehyde, and carboxylic groups upon plasma treatment. Surface morphology of the plasma-and silane-treated substrates was investigated through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to optimise ground state structures and frequencies to identify bond strength between the silane linkers and plasma-treated polymers. These characterisation techniques led to the successful demonstration of heterogeneous bonding between the thermoplastics and PDMS, as well as establishing a simple method to produce PDMS that can retain its hydrophilicity for over one week.
Book Synopsis Polymer Particles by : Masayoshi Okubo
Download or read book Polymer Particles written by Masayoshi Okubo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-02-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this special volume on polymer particles, recent trends and developments in the synthesis of nano- to micron-sized polymer particles by radical polymerization (Emulsion, Miniemulsion, Microemulsion, and Dispersion Polymerizations) of vinyl monomers in environmentally friendly heterogeneous aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid media are reviewed by prominent worldwide researchers. In addition to the important challenges and possibilities with regards to design and preparation of functionalized polymer particles of controlled size, the topics described are of great current interest due to the increased awareness of environmental issues.
Book Synopsis Modification of Surfaces Using Grafted Polymers by : David Matthew Trombly
Download or read book Modification of Surfaces Using Grafted Polymers written by David Matthew Trombly and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focuses on the modeling of surfaces decorated by grafted polymers in order to understand their structure, energetics, and phase behavior. The systems studied include flat and curved surfaces, grafted homopolymers and random copolymers, and in the presence of solvent conditions, homopolymer melt conditions, and diblock copolymer melt conditions. We use self-consistent field theory to study these systems, thereby furthering the development of new tools especially applicable in describing curved particle systems and systems with chemical polydispersity. We study a polymer-grafted spherical particle interacting with a bare particle in a good solvent as a model system for a polymer-grafted drug interacting with a blood protein in vivo. We calculate the energy of interaction between the two particles as a function of grafting density, particle sizes, and particle curvature by solving the self-consistent field equations in bispherical coordinates. Also, we compare our results to those predicted by the Derjaguin approximation. We extend the previous study to describe the case of two grafted particles interacting in a polymer melt composed of chains that are chemically the same as the grafts, especially in the regime where the particle curvature is significant. This is expected to have ramifications for the dispersion of particles in a polymer nanocomposite. We quantify the interfacial width between the grafted and free polymers and explore its correlation to the interactions between the particles, and use simple scaling theories to justify our results. In collaboration with experimentalists, we study the behavior of the glass transition of polystyrene (PS) films on grafted PS substrates. Using the self consistent field theory methods described above as well as a percolation model, we rationalize the behavior of the glass transition as a function of film thickness, chain lengths, and grafting density. Grafting chemically heterogeneous polymers to surfaces in melt and thin film conditions is also relevant for both particle dispersion and semiconductor applications. To study such systems, we model a random copolymer brush in a melt of homopolymer that is chemically identical to one of the blocks. We modify the self-consistent field theory to take into account the chemical polydispersity of random copolymer systems and use it to calculate interfacial widths and energies as well as to make predictions about the window in which perpendicular morphologies of diblock copolymer are likely to form. We also explore the effect of the rearrangement of the chain ends on the surface energy and use this concept to create a simple modified strong stretching theory that qualitatively agrees with our numerical self-consistent field theory results. We explicitly study the system that is most relevant to semiconductor applications - that of a diblock copolymer melt on top of a substrate modified by a random copolymer brush. We explore the morphologies formed as a function of film thickness, grafting density, chain length, and chain blockiness, and make predictions about the effect of these on the neutral window, that is, the range of brush volume fractions over which perpendicular lamellae are expected to occur.
Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion, Volume 3 by : Kash L. Mittal
Download or read book Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion, Volume 3 written by Kash L. Mittal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-08-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion held under the auspices of MST Conferences, LLC in Orlando, FL, June 9-11, 2003. Polymers are used for a variety of purposes in a host of technological applications and even a cursory look at the literature will evince that currently there is tremendous interest and R&D activity in the area of polymer surface modification to attain their desired surface characteristics, particularly to enhance their adhesion. This volume contains a total of 25 papers which were properly peer reviewed, revised and edited. So this book is not merely a collection of papers, rather represents the highest standard of publication. The book is divided into three parts: 1. Plasma Surface Modification Techniques; 2. Other / Miscellaneous Surface Modification Techniques; and 3. General Papers. The topics covered include: low pressure plasma surface modification of a variety of polymers using various gases; atmospheric pressure plasma treatment; improvement of stain release properties of fabrics; modification of electrostatic properties of polymers; photon-based processes for surface modification of fibers; excimer UV light treatment; excimer laser surface treatment; low-energy ion treatment; photo-grafting and photo-curing; metallization of treated polymers; chemical (wet) functionalization of polymers; adhesion of paints to thermoplastic substrates; polymer release surfaces; nanolithography in polymer films; gas barrier properties of ceramic layers on polymers; and modification of interphase layer and relevance to adhesion. This volume and its predecessors containing plentiful information should serve as a comprehensive source of latest R&D activity in the highly technologically important arena of polymer surface modification. Anyone interested –centrally or peripherally– in knowing or learning about the various ways to modify polymer surfaces should find this book of immense value.
