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Heterogeneous Chemistry On Metal Oxide Surfaces Of Interest For The Stratospheric Effects Of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust
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Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Chemistry on Metal Oxide Surfaces of Interest for the Stratospheric Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust by :
Download or read book Heterogeneous Chemistry on Metal Oxide Surfaces of Interest for the Stratospheric Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emissions from solid rocket motors (SRMs) include hydrogen chloride vapor (HCl) and other inorganic chlorine compounds, as well as aluminum oxide particles. The effects of these emissions on stratospheric ozone have been investigated by Prather et al. 1, Pyle2, and others. Even though such effects are not evident from satellite observations following a Space Shuttle launch 3, it is possible for the perturbation to be quite pronounced in the immediate neighborhood of the rocket plume.
Book Synopsis Laboratory Studies of the Stratospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust by :
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of the Stratospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important chlorine activation reaction that takes place in the stratosphere is the heterogeneous reaction of chlorine nitrate with hydrogen chloride to produce molecular chlorine and nitric acid. The reaction is catalytic, promoted by surfaces that are not themselves affected by the reaction. This process was investigated in the laboratory: the reaction probability was found to have a value of about 0.02 on glass, on laboratory alumina, and on alumina particles emitted by solid rocket motors. The reaction probability on ice surfaces has a value larger than 0.2 and a negligible value on halocarbon wax or Teflon surfaces. The measurements were carried out under reactant partial pressure, temperature and humidity conditions covering those that are encountered in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere. The reaction mechanism appears do be determined by the water layers adsorbed on the solid surface. Measurements of the amount of water taken up by alumina surfaces were also carried out; the results indicate that under stratospheric conditions several water layers will indeed cover the alumina surfaces.
Book Synopsis Single Particle Studies of Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry on Aluminum Oxide Particles in a Quadrupole Trap by :
Download or read book Single Particle Studies of Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry on Aluminum Oxide Particles in a Quadrupole Trap written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a research program consisting of laboratory and field measurements investigating the atmospheric chemistry and aerosol microphysics of the impacts of rocket motor exhausts on upper atmospheric chemical cycles and ozone. The experimental investigation employs a laboratory quadrupole trap electrodynamic levitation apparatus to study heterogeneous processes on single aluminum oxide particles representative of those exhausted into the atmosphere by solid rocket motors. We have investigated the activities of different types of aluminum oxide particles for uptake of gas-phase H2O and HCl. The particle types investigated were alpha-Al2O3, gamma-Al2O3, H2SO4-treated alpha-Al2O3, H2SO4-treated gamma-Al2O3, and metastable aluminum oxide formed by rapid cooling from molten Al2O3 in a shock tube, analogous to particle processing in a rocket exhaust nozzle. Particles were treated with H2SO4 by vapor deposition in an oven. The kinetic measurements consisted of independent, simultaneous observations of mass uptake and particle size increase upon exposure of single particles to fixed concentrations of H2O or HCl in slowly flowing gas mixtures at 1 atm and temperatures from 300 K to 190 K. alpha-Al2O3 and gamma-Al2O3 were essentially inert toward H2O and HCl uptake, however they readily adsorbed monolayer-equivalent levels of H2SO4 vapor, and H2SO4-coated and metastable particles were active toward H2O and HCI uptake. The measured uptake efficiencies imply fast reaction rates within rocket exhaust plumes, potentially leading to CCN behavior as well as heterogeneous chlorine activation by these particles. The field measurements consisted of in situ ozone mixing ratio measurements on the NASA WB57-F high altitude aircraft, as part of a suite of instrumentation designed to characterize the chemistry and dynamics of rocket exhaust plumes in the lower stratosphere.
Book Synopsis The Surface Science of Metal Oxides by : Victor E. Henrich
Download or read book The Surface Science of Metal Oxides written by Victor E. Henrich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Chemistry in Solid Rocket Motor Plumes by :
Download or read book Heterogeneous Chemistry in Solid Rocket Motor Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reaction rates of ozone decomposition and adsorption/desorption rates of HCl on aluminum oxide (alumina) particles were measured by a new technique involving real-time ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy in a static reactor. Reaction probabilities eta are reported for ozone on alpha-alumina, gamma-alumina, and chromatographic alumina (hydoxylated alumina), respectively, over the temperature range -60 to 200 deg C. These measurements expand on previous measurements from this group using a flow tube reactor. The adsortion/desorption kinetics is a new effort that addresses the key issue of whether heterogeneous chemistry, such as the reaction HCl + ClONO2 --> Cl2 + HNO3, on alumina particles is a significant reaction mechanism for global stratospheric ozone depletion.
Book Synopsis Model of Chlorocarbon (CFC-12) Chemisorption on Solid Rocket Motor Alumina Exhaust Particles by : Gary E. Lund
Download or read book Model of Chlorocarbon (CFC-12) Chemisorption on Solid Rocket Motor Alumina Exhaust Particles written by Gary E. Lund and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicology Research Projects Directory by :
Download or read book Toxicology Research Projects Directory written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lettre de M. de ... seigneur allemand, à M ... à Paris. (15 août.). by :
Download or read book Lettre de M. de ... seigneur allemand, à M ... à Paris. (15 août.). written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plume and Wake Chemistry Studies by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plume and Wake Chemistry Studies written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere. Estimates are given for the emissions, summarizing relevant earlier work (CIAP) and reviewing current propulsion research efforts. The chemical evolution and the mixing and vortical motion of the exhaust are analyzed to track the exhaust and its speciation as the emissions are mixed to atmospheric scales. The species tracked include those that could be heterogeneously reactive on the surfaces of the condensed solid water (ice) particles and on exhaust soot particle surfaces. Dispersion and reaction of chemical constituents in the far wake are studied with a Lagrangian air parcel model, in conjunction with a radiation code to calculate the net heating/cooling. Laboratory measurements of heterogeneous chemistry of aqueous sulfuric acid and nitric acid hydrates are also described. Results include the solubility of HCl in sulfuric acid which is a key parameter for modeling stratospheric processing. We also report initial results for condensation of nitric acid trihydrate from gas phase H2O and HNO3. Miake-Lye, R. C. and Martinez-Sanchez, M. and Brown, R. C. and Kolb, C. E. and Worsnop, D. R. and Zahniser, M. S. and Robinson, G. N. and Rodriguez, J. M. and Ko, M. K. W. and Shia, R-L. Unspecified Center AIR POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; EXHAUST EMISSION; EXHAUST GASES; PLUMES; STRATOSPHERE; SUPERSONIC TRANSPORTS; WAKES; HYDRATES; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; ICE; NITRIC ACID; NITROGEN OXIDES; REACTIVITY; SOLUBILITY; SOOT; SULFURIC ACID; VORTICES; WATER...
Book Synopsis Oxide Surfaces by : James A. Wingrave
Download or read book Oxide Surfaces written by James A. Wingrave and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed treatment of information relating to fluid-oxide interfaces. It outlines methods for quantifying adsorption and desorption of polymeric and non-polymeric solutes at the gas- and solution-oxide interfaces. It also analyzes novel properties of oxide membranes and the synthesis and dissolution of oxide solids.
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plume and Wake Chemistry Studies by :
Download or read book Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plume and Wake Chemistry Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxide Surfaces written by D. P. Woodruff and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis External and Internal Surfaces in Metal Oxides by : L.C. Dufour
Download or read book External and Internal Surfaces in Metal Oxides written by L.C. Dufour and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Science Forum Vol. 29
Book Synopsis Advances in Metal Oxides and Their Composites for Emerging Applications by : Sagar D. Delekar
Download or read book Advances in Metal Oxides and Their Composites for Emerging Applications written by Sagar D. Delekar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-26 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Metal Oxides and their Composites for Emerging Applications reviews key properties of metal-oxide based composites, including their structural, physicochemical, optical, electrical components and resulting performance in a wide range of diverse applications. Synthetic protocols used to create metal oxides with desirable morphologies, properties and performance for applications in solar energy harvesting, energy storage and environmental remediation are emphasized. Emerging technologies that address important global challenges such as energy shortage, the hazardous effects of non-renewable energy sources, unaffordable energy technologies, and the contaminants present in air and water are also covered. This book is an ideal resource for materials scientists and engineers working in academia and R&D. In addition, it's appropriate for those who either need an introduction to potential research directions or for experienced researchers and practitioners looking for a key reference on the latest advances. - Introduces the fundamental properties of metal oxide-based composites, paying special attention to physicochemical, optical, electrical and structural characteristics - Provides an overview of the synthetic protocols used to design and tune the properties of metal oxide-based composites for key emerging applications - Discusses metal oxide-based composites and their use in energy applications such as energy storage, energy harvesting and environmental remediation
Book Synopsis The Surface Science of Metal Oxides by :
Download or read book The Surface Science of Metal Oxides written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Production in the Stratosphere Within the Space Shuttle's Solid Rocket Motor Plumes by : Richard I. Gomberg
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Production in the Stratosphere Within the Space Shuttle's Solid Rocket Motor Plumes written by Richard I. Gomberg and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on establishing the sensitivity of predictions of NO production to uncertainties in altitude, reaction rate coefficients, turbulent mixing rates, and Mach disk size and location. The results show that relatively large variations in parameters related to these phenomena had surprisingly little effect on predicted NO production.
Book Synopsis Thermochemical and Kinetic Data of Gaseous Metal Oxides and Their Relationship to Atmospheric Composition by : Edmond Murad
Download or read book Thermochemical and Kinetic Data of Gaseous Metal Oxides and Their Relationship to Atmospheric Composition written by Edmond Murad and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissociation energies and ionization potentials of gaseous monoxides and dioxides of some metals are surveyed, and best values for these quantities are given. In addition, a survey is made of the kinetic data for the formation and destruction of these species and the results are tabulated. The relationship of these quantities to atmospheric composition is discussed, and it is shown that monoxide ions are converted to metal ions very quickly by reaction with atomic oxygen. (Author).
