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Heterogeneity Paleohydrology And 3d Facies Architecture Of Ancient Point Bars Ferron Sandstone Notom Delta South Central Utah
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Book Synopsis Heterogeneity, Paleohydrology, and 3D Facies Architecture of Ancient Point Bars, Ferron Sandstone, Notom Delta, South-central Utah by : Chenliang Wu
Download or read book Heterogeneity, Paleohydrology, and 3D Facies Architecture of Ancient Point Bars, Ferron Sandstone, Notom Delta, South-central Utah written by Chenliang Wu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined ancient exhumed channel belts from the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone, Notom Delta in south-central Utah. Extensive plan view exposures with local vertical cliff exposures allowed documentation of channel belt dimension, migration pattern (translation versus expansion) and facies architectures. The cliff exposures allow documentation of channel fill thickness and bedding structure that were used in paleogeographic and paleohydraulic reconstructions. Paleocurrent measurements are consistent within one depositional unit (such as a unit bar or channel belt) and can be used to infer channel flow and bar migration patterns. Four hundred and eight paleocurrent directions were integrated with grain-size measurements to reconstruct the 3D facies architecture of the ancient channel belts. Based on the presence of distinct types of inclined strata of large scale foresets and the channel sinuosity (1.01-1.44.) measured from the paleographic map, the formative river of the point bar complex was interpreted to be a low sinuosity river. The point bar complex consists of four successive component point bars and shows a migration pattern that changes from expansion to translation with increasing sinuosity. By using empirical equations, average channel depth and channel width were determined to be 1.7m-3.6m and 23m-89m respectively. Channel width (around 50m) as measured from abandoned channel lags falls into this range. The large variation of channel belt width may be a result of increasing channel dimension due to increasing sinuosity. Therefore, empirical equations for calculating paleohydraulic parameters are generally applicable but need further refinement for specific river types. Bar thickness measured from vertical outcrops range from 5.4m to 6.3m which gives a much narrower range of 47 to 59 m for the channel width estimation. The discharge of the formative river is estimated to be 115 m3/sec to 387 m3/sec. Grain-size variation shows a distinct coarsening trend from inner bar to outer bar at both the scale of individual point bars and the meander loop complex. Because of the absence of extensive shale drapes between each point bar, petrophysical heterogeneity introduced by grain-size variation of sand and directional permeability anisotropy introduced by different types of cross bedding will be the main type of heterogeneity. The grain-size distribution shows a more complicated pattern compared to previous models and the resulting fluid flow pattern is expected to be more complex as well. Finally, the major controls on the formation of low sinuosity river are gradient, sediment supply, and bank erosion, although high frequency climate changes are interpreted to be responsible for the filling of the whole incised valley system. The fluvial style is a bed-load to mixed-load, high net-to-gross river system with limited suspended content in the flow.
Book Synopsis Fluvial Meanders and Their Sedimentary Products in the Rock Record (IAS SP 48) by : Massimiliano Ghinassi
Download or read book Fluvial Meanders and Their Sedimentary Products in the Rock Record (IAS SP 48) written by Massimiliano Ghinassi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sinuous form and peculiar evolution of meandering rivers has long captured the imagination of people. Today, meandering rivers exist in some of the most densely populated areas in the World, where they provide environmental and economic wealth and opportunities, as well as posing hazards. Through geological time, the ancestors of these modern meanders built deposits that are now host to mineral resources, groundwater, and hydrocarbons. This Special Publication illustrates the breadth of current research on meandering rivers and their deposits. The collection of research papers demonstrates the state of science on fluvial process–product relationships. The articles cover fundamental and applied studies of both modern and ancient rivers, are based on state-of-the-art technology, include complementary philosophical approaches, and span a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This book includes some of the most recent advances in the study of the morphodynamics and sedimentology of meandering rivers, and is an important resource for those who want to investigate fluvial systems and their deposits.
Book Synopsis 3D Allostratigraphic Mapping and Facies Heterogeneity of a Compound Tributary Incised Valley System, Turonian Ferron Sandstone, Notom Delta, South-Central Utah by : Benjamin David Hilton
Download or read book 3D Allostratigraphic Mapping and Facies Heterogeneity of a Compound Tributary Incised Valley System, Turonian Ferron Sandstone, Notom Delta, South-Central Utah written by Benjamin David Hilton and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incised valley systems are important for sequence stratigraphic and exploration purposes. The tributary component of these systems may inherit complicated, self-similar, plan-view morphologies from the drainage networks that form them. Incised valley depositional models often exclusively focus on fill facies within trunk valleys and either ignore or poorly document facies within tributary valleys. The Notom Fluvio-Deltaic complex, a component of the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation, outcrops along Neilson Wash, Utah, and provides the opportunity to study in 3D, facies heterogeneity of compound incised valley fills, including both trunk and tributary components. Using traditional field methodologies (56 measured sections) and remote sensing (aerial LiDAR survey), several objectives have been completed: 1) previous 2D outcrop work / interpretations have been updated and described in 3D space using allostratigraphic principles; 2) Isopach maps and paleogeographic reconstructions show north-east oriented channel belts with both braided and meandering plan view patterns within their respective valley fills; 3) younger cut and fill sequences (unaccounted for in previous studies) are documented; and 4) Interpretation of remnant terraces / interfluves suggest high diachroneity associated with the higher and lower order erosion surfaces that form the composite sequence boundary. Valley allomembers V2B and V2A are shown to be tributary in nature compared with larger or trunk valley allomembers based on stratigraphic valley width to thickness ratio's, grain size differences, scale of sedimentary structures, preserved thickness of channel elements and abundance of facies types. Confined valleys appear more sand dominated while less confined to unconfined valleys preserve significant floodplain facies, as predicted by traditional incised valley models. Tributary fills appear linked to valley-specific hydrologic conditions, distance to estuarine/tidal processes, river style (braided or meandering), and sediment supply. This outcrop-based study gives a less common 3-dimensional insight to the evolution of a compound incised valley system, which may prove useful for subsurface exploration and for the advancement of oversimplified incised valley facies models.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing in Applied Geophysics by : Chiara Colombero
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Applied Geophysics written by Chiara Colombero and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special Issue is focused on recent and upcoming advances in the combined application of remote sensing and applied geophysics. Applied geophysics analyzes the distribution of physical properties in the subsurface for a wide range of geological, engineering, and environmental applications at different scales. Seismic, electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic methods are among the most applied and well-established geophysical techniques. These methods share the advantages of being non-invasive and exploring wide areas of investigation with respect to conventional methods (e.g., drilling). Geophysical surveys are usually carried out deploying or moving the appropriate instrumentation directly on the ground surface. However, recent technological advances have resulting in the development of innovative acquisition systems becoming more typical of the remote sensing community (e.g., airborne surveys). While applied geophysics mainly focuses on the subsurface, typical remote sensing techniques have the ability to accurately image the Earth’s surface with high-resolution investigations carried out by means of terrestrial, airborne, or satellite-based platforms. The integration of surface and subsurface information is often crucial for several purposes, including the processing of geophysical data, the characterization and time-lapse monitoring of surface and near-surface targets, and the reconstruction of highly detailed and comprehensive 3D models of the investigated areas. Recent contributions showing the added value of surface reconstruction and/or monitoring in the processing, interpretation, and cross-comparison of geophysical techniques for archaeological, environmental, and engineering studies are collected in this book. Pioneering geophysical acquisitions by means of innovative remote systems are also presented.
Book Synopsis Facies Architectural Study of Incised Valleys, Distributary Channels, and Mouth Bars in the Cretaceous Ferron Notom Delta, Southern Central Utah, USA. by : Yangyang Li
Download or read book Facies Architectural Study of Incised Valleys, Distributary Channels, and Mouth Bars in the Cretaceous Ferron Notom Delta, Southern Central Utah, USA. written by Yangyang Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is focused on analysing architectural elements to understand the formative processes in linked fluvial and deltaic depositional systems in an ancient system. A compound incised valley system (IVS) and distributary channel and crevasse delta system are documented in successively more distal positions within outcrops of the Cretaceous Ferron Notom Delta in central Utah. The compound IVS is composed of three simple IVS systems, IVS3, IVS2 and IVS1 (oldest to youngest). IVS3 consists of tidally influenced deposits that form a terrace cut into lower shoreface deposits. IVS2 consists of multi-storey fluvial deposits with minor tidally influenced fluvial deposits in the upper 10%. IVS1 consists entirely of medium-grained fluvial deposits. The composite valley fill records generally increasing fluvial-dominance and decreasing tide-influence during successive cut-and-fill episodes associated with each simple valley fill. These changes are interpreted to correlate with a longer term, stepped relative fall of sea level, punctuated by stillstands, or minor rises of sea level. A lower delta-plain distributary channel system is mapped in 3-D outcrop exposures in Parasequence 5a, Sequence 2. A main channel belt about 250 m wide narrows to 200 m downstream of the branching point. The subordinate channel belt is 80 m wide. Water discharge from the main distributary channel, upstream of the branching point, is estimated to be 85-170 m3/s. Compared to paleodischarge of trunk rivers mapped in previous studies in the Notom Delta, the branching is estimated to be a 4th order split. A crevasse delta that prograded toward the west is mapped in Parasequence 6a Sequence 2, while the regional delta prograded toward the east. The crevasse delta was protected from marine influence by a wave-dominated barrier system. The proximal delta-front facies consists of planar beds which pass upward into meter-scale low-angle cross beds, which decrease in dimensions upward and finally change to decimeter-scale cross beds. Planar-stratified sandstones are interpreted to be deposited in an inertia-dominated environment and cross-stratified sandstones are interpreted to be deposits in a friction-dominated environment. The upward decrease of cross set dimensions is mainly due to the filling of accommodation and shallowing of the water.
Book Synopsis 3- D Facies Architecture and Mouth Bar Development of a Flood-, Storm-dominated Delta by : Daniel Eli Garza
Download or read book 3- D Facies Architecture and Mouth Bar Development of a Flood-, Storm-dominated Delta written by Daniel Eli Garza and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Facies Architecture, Paleo-hydraulics and Fluvial Style of a Falling Stage Terrace Deposit Within a Compound Incised Valley System, Ferron Notom Delta, Utah by : Cameron R. Griffin
Download or read book Facies Architecture, Paleo-hydraulics and Fluvial Style of a Falling Stage Terrace Deposit Within a Compound Incised Valley System, Ferron Notom Delta, Utah written by Cameron R. Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incised valley systems are important because they contain significant hydrocarbon reserves, provide clues into the geologic history of a region, and are crucial for sequence stratigraphic interpretations. The fluvial/deltaic Notom Delta component of the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale outcrops in south-central Utah providing an excellent opportunity to study a terrace deposit in both strike and dip orientations of a compound incised valley system. Using traditional field methods conducted during the summer of 2012, detailed cross sections and bedding diagrams were created that show a terrace deposit (Valley 3) that has been previously undescribed. This terrace deposit formed in response to multiple sea-level fluctuations. The presence of a tidal signature along with the proximity of the incised valley system to the coastal plain (parasequence 4) suggest the presence of a Coastal Plain Valley System. Fill from this incised valley deposit would also fall within the shorter, less preserved deposits of the segment 2 middle incised valley deposits of the idealized longitudinal incised valley model. Paleocurrent and bar accretion measurements taken from within individual channel belts of the incised valley generally showed accretion occurring at high angles to that of the paleocurrent direction. This suggests the fluvial style responsible for the formation of this incised valley system was meandering. Previous regional stratigraphic studies have shown that the incised valley system within the study area is a falling stage terrace deposit. This is incongruous with previous sequence stratigraphic models that early, falling stage valley fills are a result of braided rivers. Paleo-flow depths that were calculated based on cross-set thicknesses for Valley 3 indicate an average flow depth of 3.3 to 5.4 meters.
Book Synopsis Facies Architecture and Sedimentology of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, Willow Springs Wash, East-central Utah by : T. C. V. Coco Van Den Bergh
Download or read book Facies Architecture and Sedimentology of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, Willow Springs Wash, East-central Utah written by T. C. V. Coco Van Den Bergh and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluvial Architecture and Paleohydraulic Analysis of Ancient River Deposits in Plan-view and 2-D Vertical Outcrops of the Turonian Ferron Notom Delta, Utah by : Mohammad Shahid Ullah
Download or read book Fluvial Architecture and Paleohydraulic Analysis of Ancient River Deposits in Plan-view and 2-D Vertical Outcrops of the Turonian Ferron Notom Delta, Utah written by Mohammad Shahid Ullah and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study documents the facies architecture of large valley-scale, intermediate bar-scale, and small bed-scale fluvial elements in a compound incised-valley fill in the Cretaceous Ferron Notom Delta in southeastern Utah, U.S.A. The results are based on aerial LiDAR surveys, 24 measured sections, photomosaics, and 1800 paleocurrent measurements based on both plan-view and cliff exposures of exhumed meander belts within a compound valley-system. Cross-sectional observations from outcrops and comparisons with modern rivers reveal that autogenic confluence scours have diagnostic fill facies composed of single set of large steep foresets, and produces a single-story body in which a fifth-order scour is filled with unit-bar foresets, which in turn are overlain by a fourth-order surface capped by compound-bar deposits. Although the downstream persistence of fluvial sandy facies along the entire stretch of the incised valley suggests a greater upstream control, it could not entirely erase the imprint of downstream sea-level rise as indicated by the “backwater effect”. The backwater transition is observed in fluvial deposits at the most downstream location and is marked by thickening of channel belt deposits tied to channel deepening towards the river mouth, reduction in average channel belt width related to a reduced rate of lateral migration, increased proportion of finer grains in channel belt deposits tied to reduced bed material flux, and a vertical translation from fluvial to tidal facies in the valley deposits. Findings from this study support the idea that the backwater zone is a fundamental transition in coastal rivers, across which preserved sedimentary bodies display predictable geometric changes that can be observed in ancient fluvial systems. Paleogeographic reconstructions of the meander plain from plan-view data in the upper part of the valley fill show the evolution of three channel belts formed by successive phases of dominantly lateral expansion. Three types of architectural facies or macroforms were identified in the point bars in the channel belts. They are classified as – Type A or small-scale macroforms, the amalgamation of which produce large-scale compound bars; Type B macroforms, which are interpreted as unit bars; and Type C macroforms, which consists of large, steeply dipping upper flow regime (UFR) planar beds. Plan-view bedding architectural analysis, therefore, can be a useful method to identify various fluvial macroforms.
Book Synopsis Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies Architecture of the Cretateous Ferron Notom Delta Complex South-central, Utah, U.S.A. by : Yijie Zhu
Download or read book Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies Architecture of the Cretateous Ferron Notom Delta Complex South-central, Utah, U.S.A. written by Yijie Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological and Petrophysical Characterization of the Ferron Sandstone for 3-D Simulation of a Fluvial-deltaic Reservoir by : Thomas C. Chidsey
Download or read book Geological and Petrophysical Characterization of the Ferron Sandstone for 3-D Simulation of a Fluvial-deltaic Reservoir written by Thomas C. Chidsey and published by Utah Geological Survey. This book was released on 2002 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the Ferron Sandstone project was to develop a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, quantitative characterization of a fluvial-deltaic reservoir to allow realistic inter-well and reservoir-scale models to be developed for improved oil-field development in similar reservoirs world-wide. Quantitative geological and petrophysical information on the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone in east-central Utah was collected. Both new and existing data were integrated into a three-dimensional model of spatial variations in porosity, storativity, and tensorial rock permeability at a scale appropriate for inter-well to regional-scale reservoir simulation. Simulation results could improve reservoir management through proper infill and extension drilling strategies, reduction of economic risks, increased recovery from existing oil fields, and more reliable reserve calculations. This 471-page report describes the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the fluvial-deltaic Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone. The report includes Ferron facies analysis, regional sequence stratigraphy, evaluation of three case-study areas, geostatistics, and a 3-D oil and gas reservoir simulation of the Ferron.
Book Synopsis Sedimentological and Stratigraphic Study of a Falling-stage Delta Complex in the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, South-central Utah, USA by : Fares Alaboud
Download or read book Sedimentological and Stratigraphic Study of a Falling-stage Delta Complex in the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, South-central Utah, USA written by Fares Alaboud and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The character and distribution of lithofacies in falling-stage deltas are incompletely documented. This paper presents a sedimentological and stratigraphic evaluation of a superbly-exposed interval of Cretaceous deltaic strata that are believed to be of falling stage origin. The studied interval forms part of the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in the southernmost Henry Mountains Basin of south-central Utah, USA. The interval of interest is exposed in three dimensions over a 20 km2 area in a series of canyon walls. Observed facies include fine-grained mudrocks (offshore basin), mudrocks with thinly interlaminated sandstone (prodelta), thinly interbedded siltstones and fine-grained sandstones (distal delta front), thickly interbedded siltstones, coarse-grained siltstones and fine-grained sandstones (medial delta front), and amalgamated fine- to medium-grained sandstones (proximal delta front). No facies of interpreted delta top origin were observed within the studied succession. The proximal delta front facies includes spectacular, chaotic sandstone-filled gullies up to 6 m deep and 300 m wide. The basal parts of these gully fills preserve large-scale convolute bedding, rotational failures and, in numerous places, growth faults. At least three such gully fills were noted, incised into different levels within the succession. The existence of three gully fills indicates episodes of delta progradation and sea level fall. Paleocurrent data indicate southeastward sediment dispersal. Facies stacking patterns and incised gully fills, together with the lack of a delta plain topset, argue strongly for a falling stage origin for the described succession. This study provides new insights into the facies architecture and stacking patterns of shallow-water, falling-stage deltas. In particular, the study illustrates a style of falling-stage deltaic system in which a descending regressive trajectory is difficult to discern.
Book Synopsis Characterization, Facies Relationships, and Architectural Framework in a Fluvial-deltaic Sandstone by : Ann Mattson
Download or read book Characterization, Facies Relationships, and Architectural Framework in a Fluvial-deltaic Sandstone written by Ann Mattson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stratigraphic Architecture and Lithofacies of High-frequency Deltaic Sequences by : Conor J. Horton
Download or read book Stratigraphic Architecture and Lithofacies of High-frequency Deltaic Sequences written by Conor J. Horton and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequence stratigraphic models for low-accommodation settings are not well-formulated and lack documented examples illustrating lithofacies stratal stacking pattern complexities. Presented herein is a detailed stratigraphic analysis of the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation; a fluvial-deltaic succession that primarily accumulated under forced-regressive, falling stage systems tracts during decreasing accommodation. The small (4 km2) study area is located at the connecting point of a 67 km long, depositional strike-oriented and a 30 km long, depositional-dip transect within the western-limb of the Henry Mountains Syncline. Detailed outcrop sections and digital Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derived Virtual Outcrop Models (VOM) analysis are used to define and characterize the stratigraphic architecture. Correlation of all bodies within the stratigraphic interval display the anatomy of a prograding deltaic system composed of crudely coarsening-upward cycles. This paper focuses on the ‘Critical Interval’, athick, cyclic succession of entrenched distributary channels, reworked delta plain, and transgressive shoreface sandstones that lies above a regionally extensive sequence boundary and separates the lower and upper Ferron members. The moderately incised (5 m), relatively small (150-300 m wide) channel bodies and locally preserved delta plain deposits are interpreted to record two individual sea-level cycles. The incomplete sequences and the facies were influenced by marine-processes and the low-amplitude and high-frequency nature of sea-level fluctuations that characterize Ferron Sandstone Member accumulation. This study provides detailed facies characterization and illustrations of the stratigraphic architecture with implications for deltaic sequences deposited in a low accommodation setting.
Book Synopsis Facies Architecture of Meandering Fluvial Riffle Elements, Ferron Sandstone of Utah by : Sloan Anderson
Download or read book Facies Architecture of Meandering Fluvial Riffle Elements, Ferron Sandstone of Utah written by Sloan Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fluvial Facies and Architecture of the Poison Strip Sandstone Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Grand County, Utah by : Mathew W. Stikes
Download or read book Fluvial Facies and Architecture of the Poison Strip Sandstone Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Grand County, Utah written by Mathew W. Stikes and published by Utah Geological Survey. This book was released on 2007 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study characterizes and interprets the fluvial systems responsible for deposition of the Poison Strip sandstone through analysis of extensive field data and comparison to ancient fluvial systems. Conclusions on fluvial style are related to depositional controls and to regional Lower Cretaceous rocks.
Book Synopsis Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies Architecture of the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, East-central Utah by : Michael H. Gardner
Download or read book Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies Architecture of the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale, East-central Utah written by Michael H. Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
