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Heart Rate Variability Compared In A Trained And Untrained Population Under Normoxic And Hypoxic Conditions
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Download or read book High Altitude written by Erik R. Swenson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade the science and medicine of high altitude and hypoxia adaptation has seen great advances. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia addresses the challenges in dealing with the changes in human physiology and the particular medical conditions that arise from exposure to high altitude. In-depth and comprehensive chapters cover both the basic science and the clinical consequences of exposure to high altitude. Genetic, cellular, organ and whole body system responses to high altitudes are covered and chapters discuss these effects on a wide range of diseases. Expert authors provide insight into the care of patients with pre-existing medical conditions that fail in some cases to adapt as well as offer insights into how high altitude research can help critically ill patients. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia is an important new volume that offers a window into greater understanding and more successful treatment of hypoxic human diseases.
Book Synopsis High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks by : Olivier Girard
Download or read book High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks written by Olivier Girard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by : Michitoshi Inoue
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Book Synopsis Trigeminocardiac Reflex by : Tumul Chowdhury
Download or read book Trigeminocardiac Reflex written by Tumul Chowdhury and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trigeminocardiac Reflex is a comprehensive tutorial reference to the science, diagnosis, and possible treatment of the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) that is usually initiated when the trigeminal nerve is disturbed during intercranial surgery. Since first reported in 1999 by co-Editor Bernhard Schaller, the research focused on TCR is expanding. While its instance is rare, new discoveries are not only increasing diagnosis, but also providing more effective treatment protocols. This text is ideal as a reference for clinical and research neurologists, as a general introduction for clinical presentation, and as a foundation for new research. - Represents the first tutorial reference focused on the Trigeminocardiac Reflex (TCR) - Content organized by two of the leading scientists in the area, Dr. Tumul Chowdhury (University of Manitoba) and Prof. Bernhard Schaller (University of Southampton) - Defines TCR, its onset, and possible treatments - Establishes a knowledge base for the future study of the TCR and treatment protocols
Book Synopsis Post-Exercise Recovery: Fundamental and Interventional Physiology by : Sergej M. Ostojic
Download or read book Post-Exercise Recovery: Fundamental and Interventional Physiology written by Sergej M. Ostojic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiological responses after maximal and submaximal exercise are routinely monitored in a plethora of diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, asthma, neuromuscular disorders), and normal populations (e.g. athletes, youth, elderly), while slower or irregular post-exercise recovery usually indicates poor health and/or low fitness level. Abnormal post-exercise recovery (as assessed via blunted post-exercise heart rate dynamics) helps to predict the presence and severity of coronary artery disease, while differences in recovery outcomes in athletes might discriminate between fit and unfit individuals. Disturbances in post-exercise recovery might be due to acute or persistent changes in: (1) adaptive responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system and vasodilator substances, (2) cellular bioenergetics, and/or (3) muscular plasticity. Preliminary evidence suggests possible role of time-dependent modulation of nitric oxide synthase and adenosine receptors during post-exercise recovery, yet no molecular attributes of post-exercise recovery are revealed so far. Currently several markers of post-exercise recovery are used (e.g. heart rate measures, hormone profiles, biochemical and hematological indices); however none of them meets all criteria to make its use generally accepted as the gold standard. In addition, recent studies suggest that different pharmacological agents and dietary interventions, or manipulative actions (e.g. massage, cold-water immersion, compression garments, athletic training) administered before, during or immediately after exercise could positively affect post-exercise recovery. There is a growing interest to provide more evidence-based data concerning the effectiveness and safety of traditional and novel interventions to affect post-exercise recovery. The goals of this research topic are to critically evaluate the current advances on mechanisms and clinical implications of post-exercise recovery, and to summarize recent experimental data from interventional studies. This knowledge may help to identify the hierarchy of key mechanisms, and recognize methods to monitor and improve post-exercise recovery in both health and disease.
Book Synopsis Advances in Ergometry by : Norbert Bachl
Download or read book Advances in Ergometry written by Norbert Bachl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise testing is widely used all over the world to assess functional capacity in athletes, healthy subjects and patients. According to recent surveys, the interest in ergometry is still growing in almost all fields of medicine, especially in private practice. Furthermore, there has been an exponential growth in the number of publications on exercise testing in the last years. Several consensus and task force conferences have dealt with exercise testing and published recommendations on standardization and guidelines in ergometry. These factors have, in combination, initiated an upsurge in research and clinical use of exercise testing. At the 6th International Seminar on Ergometry the latest findings and advances in ergometry were discussed. Reviews and results of the congress covering a wide range of features in exercise testing are presented in this book. The editors hope that this book will make a substantial contribution to our knowledge regarding exercise testing and will help physicians to appropriately evaluate exercise testing in healthy and diseased subjects. The editors are indepted to Miss I. Baumgartner and Mr. W. Reith for their effort in typing and preparing the manuscripts. The editors are greatful to Springer-Verlag for the close cooperation and for their expertise in publishing the present volume. N. Bachl T. Graham H. Lallgen Contents W. Hollmann The Anaerobic Threshold as a Tool in Medicine ........... 1 L. Prokop Genetic Influences on Cardiovascular Capacity ............... 12 1) ARRHYTHMIA AND EXERCISE . . . • . . • . • • . • . 19 . . .
Book Synopsis Physical Fitness/sports Medicine by :
Download or read book Physical Fitness/sports Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of citations selected from those contained in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System.
Download or read book Danish Medical Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXII by : Joseph C. LaManna
Download or read book Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXII written by Joseph C. LaManna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-29 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of oxygen delivery to tissue, including blood flow and its regulation as well as oxygen metabolism. Special attention will be paid to methods of oxygen measurement in living tissue and application of these technologies to understanding physiological and biochemical basis for pathology related to tissue oxygenation. This book is multidisciplinary and designed to bring together experts and students from a range of research fields including biochemical engineering, physiology, microcirculation, and hematology.
Book Synopsis Pulmonary Gas Exchange by : G. Kim Prisk
Download or read book Pulmonary Gas Exchange written by G. Kim Prisk and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lung receives the entire cardiac output from the right heart and must load oxygen onto and unload carbon dioxide from perfusing blood in the correct amounts to meet the metabolic needs of the body. It does so through the process of passive diffusion. Effective diffusion is accomplished by intricate parallel structures of airways and blood vessels designed to bring ventilation and perfusion together in an appropriate ratio in the same place and at the same time. Gas exchange is determined by the ventilation-perfusion ratio in each of the gas exchange units of the lung. In the normal lung ventilation and perfusion are well matched, and the ventilation-perfusion ratio is remarkably uniform among lung units, such that the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries is less than 10 Torr lower than that in the alveolar space. In disease, the disruption to ventilation-perfusion matching and to diffusional transport may result in inefficient gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia. This volume covers the basics of pulmonary gas exchange, providing a central understanding of the processes involved, the interactions between the components upon which gas exchange depends, and basic equations of the process.
Book Synopsis Respiratory Muscle Training by : Alison McConnell
Download or read book Respiratory Muscle Training written by Alison McConnell and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is the world's first book to provide an "everything-you-need-to-know" guide to respiratory muscle training (RMT). Authored by an internationally-acclaimed expert, it is an evidence-based resource, built upon current scientific knowledge, as well as experience at the cutting-edge of respiratory training in a wide range of settings. The aim of the book is to give readers: 1) an introduction to respiratory physiology and exercise physiology, as well as training theory; 2) an understanding of how disease affects the respiratory muscles and the mechanics of breathing; 3) an insight into the disease-specific, evidence-based benefits of RMT; 4) advice on the application of RMT as a standalone treatment, and as part of a rehabilitation programme; and finally, 5) guidance on the application of functional training techniques to RMT. The book is divided into two parts – theory and practice. Part I provides readers with access to the theoretical building blocks that support practice. It explores the evidence base for RMT as well as the different methods of training respiratory muscles and their respective efficacy. Part II guides the reader through the practical implementation of the most widely validated form of RMT, namely inspiratory muscle resistance training. Finally, over 150 "Functional" RMT exercises are described, which incorporate a stability and/or postural challenge – and address specific movements that provoke dyspnoea. Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is supported by a dedicated website (www.physiobreathe.com), which provides access to the latest information on RMT, as well as video clips of all exercises described in the book. Purchasers will also receive a three-month free trial of the Physiotec software platform (via www.physiotec.ca), which allows clinicians to create bespoke training programmes (including video clips) that can be printed or emailed to patients. - Introductory overviews of respiratory and exercise physiology, as well as training theory - Comprehensive, up-to-date review of respiratory muscle function, breathing mechanics and RMT - Analysis of the interaction between disease and respiratory mechanics, as well as their independent and combined influence upon exercise tolerance - Analysis of the rationale and application of RMT to over 20 clinical conditions, e.g., COPD, heart failure, obesity, mechanical ventilation - Evidence-based guidance on the implementation of inspiratory muscle resistance training - Over 150 functional exercises that incorporate a breathing challenge - www.physiobreathe.com - access up-to-date information, video clips of exercises and a three-month free trial of Physiotec's RMT exercise module (via www.physiotec.ca)
Book Synopsis High Altitude Physiology and Medicine by : W. Brendel
Download or read book High Altitude Physiology and Medicine written by W. Brendel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High altitude physiology and medicine has again become important. The excep tional achievements of mountaineers who have climbed nearly all peaks over 8,000 m without breathing equipment raise the question of maximal adaptation ca pacity of man to low oxygen pressures. More importantly, the increase in tourism in the Andes and the Himalayas brings over 10,000 people to sites at altitudes above 4,000 and 5,000 m each year. At such heights several kinds of high alti tude diseases are likely to occur, and these complications require detailed medical investigations. Medical authorities need to inform both mountaineers and tourists as to how great a physical burden can be taken in the mountain environment without risk to health. Physicians need to know what kind of prophylaxis is to be employed at high altitudes to prevent the development of diseases and what therapeutic measures should be used once high altitude diseases have occurred. Moreover, the physical condition of the indigenous population living at higher altitudes such as the Andes and the Himalayas, who are exposed continuously to the stress of high altitude, requires our attention. We have become familiar with symptoms characteristic of chronic high-altitude disease: under special conditions this popu lation has a tendency to develop pulmonary hypertension, which is associated with pulmonary edema, pulmonary congestion, and right heart failure.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Altitude Training and Athletic Performance by : Randall L. Wilber
Download or read book Altitude Training and Athletic Performance written by Randall L. Wilber and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2004 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the physiology of altitude training, limitations to competing and training at altitude, and a variety of other topics related to the effect of altitude training on athletic performance.
Book Synopsis The Physiology of Training by : Gregory Whyte
Download or read book The Physiology of Training written by Gregory Whyte and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-03-22 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. A title in the Advances in Sport and Exercise Science series, it provides valuable, current information for those involved in sports science, coaching science, physical education, and health promotion. Highly respected researchers and practitioners in the field have come together to produce a text containing a wealth of knowledge and experience in dealing with training at the highest level of athletics. Drawing on all available research literature, this book offers a significant contribution to training physiology by providing an in-depth explanation of coaching science using both theoretical and practical models for training across a wide range of coaching disciplines. Presents comprehensive coverage of the physiology of training. Outstanding list of contributors, including Olympic and World Championship Medallists from a variety of sports. Theory presented is underscored by practical examples across a broad range of athletics, providing a special blend of information combined with practical application. Exclusive chapters address training and medical conditions, as well as training and the environment. Clearly organized structure allows rapid access to desired information, making it a prime resource and practical teaching tool.
Book Synopsis The Olympic Textbook of Medicine in Sport by : Martin P. Schwellnus
Download or read book The Olympic Textbook of Medicine in Sport written by Martin P. Schwellnus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-26 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive new volume in the Encyclopaedia of SportsMedicine series, published under the auspices of the InternationalOlympic Committee, delivers an up-to-date, state of the artpresentation of the medical conditions that athletes may sufferfrom during training and competition. Presented in a clear style and format, The Olympic Textbookof Medicine in Sport, covers not only the basic approach totraining, monitoring training and the clinical implications ofexcessive training, but also deals with all the major systems inthe body, and focuses on medical conditions that athletes maysuffer from in each system. Medical conditions in athletes withdisabilities, genetics and exercise and emergency sports medicineare also uniquely examined. The Olympic Textbook of Medicine in Sport draws on theexpertise of an international collection of contributors who arerecognized as leaders in their respective fields. The systematic approach followed in the book will make itinvaluable to all medical doctors and other health personnel whoserve athletes and sports teams. Sports practitioners are providedwith a clinical approach to the prevention, diagnosis and treatmentof common and less common medical problems encountered by athletes.This volume should be kept close at hand for frequentconsultation.
Book Synopsis Energetics of Muscular Exercise by : Guido Ferretti
Download or read book Energetics of Muscular Exercise written by Guido Ferretti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-25 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the maximal power and capacity of the three major biochemical pathways - aerobic (oxygen consumption), anaerobic lactic (muscle lactate accumulation in absence of oxygen consumption), and anaerobic alactic (phosphocreatine hydrolysis) metabolism - as well as the factors that limit them. It also discusses the metabolic and cardio-pulmonary mechanisms of the dynamic response to exercise. The way and extent to which the power and capacity of the three major energy metabolisms are affected under a number of different conditions, such as training, hypoxia and microgravity, are also described.
