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Author : Bryan J. Hubbell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (569 download)
Download or read book Health Based Cost Effectiveness of Ambient PM2.5 Reductions written by Bryan J. Hubbell and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264257470
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)
Download or read book The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-09 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants.
Author : Je-Liang Liou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Health Benefit Assessment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5 in Taiwan written by Je-Liang Liou and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We used the Impact Pathway Approach to assess the health benefits from the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM2.5 of Taiwan. The results indicated significant health benefits linked to the implementation of NAAQS for air basins in central and southern Taiwan. Meeting the "14+N Air Pollution Control Strategy" air quality targets reduced the mortality risk from PM2.5 by 3,568 people on average. The health benefits from lower medical costs and cost of death was estimated at US$ 8.6 billion, or 1.5% of Taiwan's 2017 GDP. If NAAQS can be achieved through further efforts then mortality risk can be reduced by 6,664 people for estimated health benefits of US$16.1 billion, or 2.8% of Taiwan's 2017 GDP. The findings suggest that air quality standards provide an effective policy with significant health benefits. Combining the results of the cost-benefit assessment in this study with further cost-related data will facilitate a cost-performance analysis of air pollution management policies.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464818169
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book The Global Health Cost of PM2.5 Air Pollution written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-01-20 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study, air pollution from fine particulate matter caused 6.4 million premature deaths and 93 billion days lived with illness in 2019. Over the past decade, the toll of ambient air pollution has continued to rise. Air pollution’s significant health, social, and economic effects compel the World Bank to support client countries in addressing air pollution as a core development challenge. This publication estimates that the global cost of health damages associated with exposure to air pollution is $8.1 trillion, equivalent to 6.1 percent of global GDP. People in low- and middle-income countries are most affected by mortality and morbidity from air pollution. The death rate associated with air pollution is significantly higher in low-and lower-middle income countries than in high-income countries. This publication further develops the evidence base for air-quality management through up-to-date estimates of air pollution’s global economic costs. The analyses presented here build on previous cost estimates by the Bank and its partners, as well as on more comprehensive air-quality data from monitoring stations in many cities across the world. By providing monetary estimates of air pollution’s health damages, this publication aims to support policy makers and decision-makers in client countries in prioritizing air pollution amid competing development challenges. Its findings build a robust economic case to invest scarce budgetary resources in the design and implementation of policies and interventions for improving air quality. Such investments will deliver benefits for societies at large, and particularly for vulnerable groups. This publication builds a strong case for scaling up investments for air pollution control in low-and middle-income countries.
Author : Weltbankgruppe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book The Global Health Cost of Ambient PM2.5 Air Pollution written by Weltbankgruppe and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution is a major cause of death and disease. 'Ambient air pollution' refers to contamination of outdoor air; 'household air pollution' refers to contamination of indoor air. Ambient (or outdoor) air pollution is the world's leading environmental risk to health and the cause of morbidity and mortality from diseases such as ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and pneumonia. Most deaths related to air pollution are caused by human exposure to fine inhalable particles or fine particulate matter, also known as PM2.5. An estimated 4.1 million people died prematurely worldwide in 2016 due to exposure to outdoor PM2.5. About 90 percent of those deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. This report provides an estimate of the global, regional, and national costs of health damage-that is, premature mortality and morbidity-from exposure to ambient PM2.5 air pollution in 2016. Using the estimates of mortality and morbidity from ambient PM2.5 published in the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study, this report estimates the global cost of premature mortality and morbidity from exposure to ambient PM2.5 air pollution to be USD 5.7 trillion in 2016, equivalent to 4.8 percent of global gross domestic product in the same year. Global health crises further highlight the need for continued action in addressing a global and cross-cutting challenge such as air pollution. The current global COVID-19 pandemic underscores the importance of reducing air pollution through preventive and abatement measures. People who contract COVID-19 and have underlying medical problems such as heart disease, lung disease, and cancer, which are also associated with air pollution, are at a higher risk of developing serious illnesses that could lead to death.
Author : Jessica Lincoln-Oswalt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781614707240
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Better Air written by Jessica Lincoln-Oswalt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authorities and responsibilities of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) derive primarily from a dozen major environmental statutes. This book provides a concise summary of one of those statutes, the Clean Air Act. It provides a brief history of federal involvement in air quality regulation and of the provisions added by legislation in 1970, 1977 and 1990. It also explains major authorities contained in the Act as well as key terms and references for more detailed information on the Act and its implementation.
Author : Markus Amann
Publisher : WHO Regional Office Europe
ISBN 13 : 9289042893
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Health Risks of Ozone from Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution written by Markus Amann and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2008 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ozone is a highly oxidative compound formed in the lower atmosphere (from gases originating to a large extent from anthropogenic sources) by photochemistry driven by solar radiation. Owing to its highly reactive chemical properties, ozone is harmful to vegetation, materials and human health. In the troposphere, ozone is also an efficient greenhouse gas. This report summarizes the results of a multidisciplinary analysis to assess the effects of ozone on health. The analysis indicates that ozone pollution affects the health of most of the populations of the WHO European Region, leading to a wide range of health problems. The effects include some 21,000 premature deaths each year in 25 countries in the European Union on and after days with high ozone levels. Current policies are not sufficient to reduce ozone levels in the Region or their impact in the next decade.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Review of EPA's Proposed Ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS Revisions written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bjorn Lomborg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1108415458
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Prioritizing Development written by Bjorn Lomborg and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the UN's development targets up until 2030, and the case for prioritizing the most powerful investment areas.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309177855
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-07-21 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of recent evidence on the relationship of ozone to mortality and questions about its implications for benefit analysis, the Environmental Protection Agency asked the National Research Council to establish a committee of experts to evaluate independently the contributions of recent epidemiologic studies to understanding the size of the ozone-mortality effect in the context of benefit analysis. The committee was also asked to assess methods for estimating how much a reduction in short-term exposure to ozone would reduce premature deaths, to assess methods for estimating associated increases in life expectancy, and to assess methods for estimating the monetary value of the reduced risk of premature death and increased life expectancy in the context of health-benefits analysis. Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution details the committee's findings and posits several recommendations to address these issues.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shanthi Nataraj
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833083996
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Links Between Air Quality and Economic Growth written by Shanthi Nataraj and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses what evidence exists for the ways in which local air quality could influence local economic growth and how those effects might be relevant to the Pittsburgh region.
Author : Louis Anthony Cox Jr.
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031320131
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)
Download or read book AI-ML for Decision and Risk Analysis written by Louis Anthony Cox Jr. and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains and illustrates recent developments and advances in decision-making and risk analysis. It demonstrates how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have not only benefitted from classical decision analysis concepts such as expected utility maximization but have also contributed to making normative decision theory more useful by forcing it to confront realistic complexities. These include skill acquisition, uncertain and time-consuming implementation of intended actions, open-world uncertainties about what might happen next and what consequences actions can have, and learning to cope effectively with uncertain and changing environments. The result is a more robust and implementable technology for AI/ML-assisted decision-making. The book is intended to inform a wide audience in related applied areas and to provide a fun and stimulating resource for students, researchers, and academics in data science and AI-ML, decision analysis, and other closely linked academic fields. It will also appeal to managers, analysts, decision-makers, and policymakers in financial, health and safety, environmental, business, engineering, and security risk management.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1724 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter John Lloyd
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781952809
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (819 download)
Download or read book China in the Global Economy written by Peter John Lloyd and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000-12-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work focuses on the theme of twin transitions occuring in the Chinese economy: the transition from a centrally planned economic system to a market orientated one, and from an agrarian to a modern industrialized society. This book covers developments in the macroeconomy; productivity and reform of state-owned enterprises; issues of international trade such as the management of the exchange rate; the pattern of exports and the development of e-commerce; and problems in the agricultural sector and the environment.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309067820
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Review of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy's Research Plan for Fine Particulates written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-12-11 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Guofeng Zhang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811537577
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)
Download or read book The Effect Evaluation of Haze Governance Policies in Hebei Province–Based on I-O Model written by Guofeng Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a dynamic simulation model based on input-output table. The model includes an objective function, i.e. maximizing economic and social development and three sub-models, including economic growth model, pollutant emission model and energy balance model. The data of 2012 is selected as the base period data. The haze control policy of Hebei Province is written into the model as an exogenous variable. Reducing the total PM2.5 emissions is an environmental constraint, which is used to eliminate the impact of natural factors on environmental quality. Lingo software is used to simulate this model. By comparing the socio-economic impacts in different scenarios, this book found the most effective policy combination of haze governance. Comprehensive haze governance policy recommendations provide experience for other regions of China and other developing countries. In this book, the dynamic simulation model of haze governance also provides a reference to other environmental policy simulations. This book is divided into five parts. The first part is an introduction. This paper mainly introduces the research background, research status at home and abroad, the purpose and significance of the study, the content and methods of the study, the key scientific problems to be solved and the expected results. In the second part, the current situation and existing problems of economic, social, energy and environment development in the study area are analyzed in detail. In the third part, a comprehensive evaluation model of dynamic optimization of haze control policy is constructed. The fourth part carries on the simulation experiment, and carries on the analysis to the experimental result. The fifth part puts forward the policy suggestions to realize the economic, social, energy and environmental development of Hebei Province. In this book, we have some understandings about haze governance. From the perspective of policy effect, the policy effects of subsidy for soil and water conservation, subsidy for development and utilization of clean energy, subsidy for new energy vehicles, motor vehicle restriction and subsidy for introduction of PM2.5 treatment technology are decreasing. Comprehensive policy can better achieve the goal of sustainable development of economy, energy and environment than single policy, and the effect of "source governance" policy is better than that of "end governance" policy.
