Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, Second Edition

Download Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1615371400
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, Second Edition by : Anthony W. Bateman, M.A., FRCPsych

Download or read book Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, Second Edition written by Anthony W. Bateman, M.A., FRCPsych and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of Contents: Contemporary neuroscientific research / Martin Debban and Tobias Nolte Assessment of mentalizing / Patrick Luyten, Saskia Malcorps, Peter Fonagy and Karin Ensink Mentalizing, resilience, and epistemic trust / Peter Fonagy, Elizabeth Allison and Chloe Campbell Mentalizing and trauma / Patrick Luyten and Peter Fonagy Individual therapy techniques / Anthony Bateman, Brandon Unruh and Peter Fonagy Group therapy for adults and adolescents / Anthony Bateman, Mickey Kongerslev and Sune Bo Hansen Working with families / Eia Asen and Nick Midgley Couples therapy / Efrain Bleiberg and Ellen Safier Therapeutic models / Peter Fonagy, Chloe Campbell and Elizabeth Allison Creative arts therapies / Dominik Havsteen-Franklin Partial hospitalization settings / Dawn Bales Ambit : engaging the client and communities of minds / Dickon Bevington and Peter Fuggle Social systems : beyond the microcosm of the individual and family / Eia Asen, Chloe Campbell, and Peter Fonagy Children / Nick Midgley, Nicole Muller, Norka Malberg, Karin Lindqvist and Karin Ensink Parenting and foster care / Sheila Redfern Borderline personality pathology in adolescence / Carla Sharp and Trudie Rossouw Conduct disorder / Svenja Taubner, Thorsten-Christian Gablonski and Peter Fonagy Borderline personality disorder / Anthony Bateman, Peter Fonagy and Chloe Campbell Antisocial personality disorder in community and prison settings / Anthony Bateman, Anna Motz, Jessica yakeley Avoidant and narcissistic personality disorder / Sebastian Simonsen and Sebastian Euler Eeating disorders / Paul Robinson and Finn Skarderud Depression / Patrick Luyten, Alessandra Lemma and Mary Target Comorbid substance use disosrder and personality disorderr / Nina Arefjord, Katharina Morken and Kari Lossius Psychosis / Martin Debban and Anthony Bateman.

Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice

Download Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1615372504
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice by : Anthony W. Bateman

Download or read book Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice written by Anthony W. Bateman and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice reflects a vibrant field undergoing development along a number of dimensions important for mental health. As evidenced by the number of experts contributing chapters that focus on specialized approaches to mentalization-based treatment (MBT), the range of mental disorders for which this therapy has proved helpful has substantially increased, and now includes psychosis. Second, the range of contexts within which the approach has been shown to be of value has grown. MBT has been found to be useful in outpatient and community settings, and, more broadly, with children, adolescents, couples, and families, and the social contexts where they are found, such as in schools and even prisons. Finally, the framework has been shown to be generalizable to an understanding of the social context of mental health. The model advanced in this book goes beyond an understanding of the development of mentalizing and aims to provide an understanding of its role in a range of social processes.Key concepts, themes, and approaches clearly articulated throughout the book include the following: Mentalizing is a transdiagnostic concept applicable to a range of mental health conditions, including trauma, personality disorders, eating disorders, depression, substance use disorder, and psychosis. The chapters devoted to these disorders emphasize MBT skills acquisition and techniques for introducing mentalizing into psychotherapy. Mentalizing plays an important role in understanding how teams, systems, and services interact to facilitate or undermine interventions and service delivery. Chapters on mentalizing in teams and wider systems are included to help clinicians reduce negative impacts on clinical care and support reliable and responsive pathways to treatment. In an effort to encourage clinicians to integrate mentalizing into their clinical practice, empirical research on the developmental origins of mentalizing and how a focus on mentalizing can improve outcomes for patients is incorporated throughout the volume. Improved mentalizing increases resilience to adversity, perhaps protecting individuals from relapse, and improves therapeutic outcomes. The relevant research, as well as proven techniques for promoting resilience and trust, are discussed at length in the book. Finally, as an established component of the literature on neurobiology and higher-order cognition, mentalizing benefits from a number of different strands of research, ranging from neurobiology through child development to adult psychopathology. The book fully explores these relationships and their ramifications. Authoritative, comprehensive, and cutting-edge, the Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice is the single most important resource for clinicians and trainees learning about -- and incorporating -- MBT into their therapeutic repertoire.

Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice

Download Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1585623725
Total Pages : 620 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice by : Anthony Bateman

Download or read book Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice written by Anthony Bateman and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2012 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors of Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice have authored two previous books aimed at establishing mentalizing as a developmental and clinical concept. They further explore mentalizing as a fundamental psychological process.

The Handbook of Mentalization-Based Treatment

Download The Handbook of Mentalization-Based Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470030828
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Handbook of Mentalization-Based Treatment by : Jon G. Allen

Download or read book The Handbook of Mentalization-Based Treatment written by Jon G. Allen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-04 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pioneering research has been carried out over the last decade on mentalization and the promotion of mentalizing capacity - the ability to interpret the behavior of oneself and others as based on intentional mental states, such as needs, desires, feelings, and beliefs. This book is a consolidation of current knowledge and clinical applications, bringing together a group of international experts who have been on the ground floor of theory and research to clarify the concept, review pertinent neurobiological and psychosocial research, and explore its diverse clinical applications. Four sections will cover Conceptual Foundations, Developmental Psychopathology, Intervention and Prevention. A biopsychosocial approach will be used, integrating new research in neuroimaging with psychodynamic and cognitive perspectives. Clinical issues covered will include parent–child interactions, personality disorders, traumatic brain injury, bullying and at-risk children.

Mentalizing in Clinical Practice

Download Mentalizing in Clinical Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1585623067
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mentalizing in Clinical Practice by : Jon G. Allen

Download or read book Mentalizing in Clinical Practice written by Jon G. Allen and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2008 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely and ambitious book helps clarify the meaning and clinical applications of the mentalization construct. The authors propose that mentalizing is the central corrective process of all psychotherapies.

Mentalization-Based Group Therapy (MBT-G)

Download Mentalization-Based Group Therapy (MBT-G) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191068233
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mentalization-Based Group Therapy (MBT-G) by : Sigmund Karterud

Download or read book Mentalization-Based Group Therapy (MBT-G) written by Sigmund Karterud and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) has gained international acclaim as an efficient treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder. The approach is also helpful for other personality disorders and conditions that are difficult to treat, e.g. addiction and eating disorders. MBT consists of a psychoeducational, an individual, and a group therapy component. This is the first comprehensive manual for mentalization-based group therapy. The author has developed the manual in close cooperation with Anthony Bateman and a team of group analysts. It covers all the aspects of MBT which are necessary to produce an informed and qualified group therapist. The book covers the theory behind mentalization and borderline personality disorder (especially its evolutionary roots), the structure of MBT and a discussion of previous experiences with group psychotherapy for borderline patients. The core of the book explains the main principles of MBT-G and provides a powerful means for ensuring that therapists adhere to these principles in a qualified way. The last part contains a full transcript from a real MBT group composed of borderline patients. As the first book dedicated to Group MBT, this book is a valuable and unique addition to the Mentalization literature.

Mentalization Based Treatment for Personality Disorders

Download Mentalization Based Treatment for Personality Disorders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019968037X
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mentalization Based Treatment for Personality Disorders by : Anthony Bateman

Download or read book Mentalization Based Treatment for Personality Disorders written by Anthony Bateman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Loss of mentalizing leads to interpersonal and social problems, emotional variability, impulsivity, self-destructive behaviours, and violence. This practical guide on MBT treatment of personality disorders outlines the mentalizing model of borderline and antisocial personality disorders and how it translates into an effective clinical treatment.

Mentalizing in Psychotherapy

Download Mentalizing in Psychotherapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462551440
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mentalizing in Psychotherapy by : Carla Sharp

Download or read book Mentalizing in Psychotherapy written by Carla Sharp and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can therapists help clients reflect more deeply on their own--and other people's--thoughts and emotions? How can the therapeutic relationship be leveraged effectively to create change? This concise book guides therapists of any orientation to incorporate innovative mentalization-based strategies into assessment and intervention. Complex ideas are clearly explained and illustrated with extensive session transcripts and vignettes. Ways to help clients struggling with dysregulated emotions and behavior are highlighted. Compelling topics include the role of mentalization difficulties in personality disorders, special concerns in working with adolescents, and how clinicians can improve their own mentalizing capacities.

Mentalization-Based Treatment with Families

Download Mentalization-Based Treatment with Families PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462546099
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mentalization-Based Treatment with Families by : Eia Asen

Download or read book Mentalization-Based Treatment with Families written by Eia Asen and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining clinical practice with families through a mentalizing lens, this innovative book is filled with practical therapeutic strategies and in-depth case illustrations. The expert authors focus on ways to help parents, children, and adolescents to overcome blocks in how they relate to one another by gaining a deeper understanding of--and openness to--each other's experiences and points of view. The volume draws on the empirically supported mentalization-based treatment (MBT) model and interweaves it with systemic concepts and interventions. It includes guidance for setting up sessions and engaging clients; addressing emotional and behavioral difficulties that frequently lead families to seek treatment; and implementing playful activities, exercises, and games that equip family members to change problematic relationship patterns.

Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder

Download Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780198527664
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder by : Anthony Bateman

Download or read book Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder written by Anthony Bateman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borderline Personality disorder is a severe personality dysfunction characterized by behavioural features such as impulsivity, identity disturbance, suicidal behaviour, emptiness, and intense and unstable relationships. Approximately 2% of the population are thought to meet the criteria for BPD. The authors of this volume - Anthony Bateman and Peter Fonagy - have developed a psychoanalytically oriented treatment to BPD known as mentalization treatment. With randomised controlled trialshaving shown this method to be effective, this book presents the first account of mentalization treatment for BPD. The first section gives an overview of BPD, including discussion of nosology, epidemiology, natural history, and psychosocial aetiology. It additionally summarises the present state of our research knowledge about effective psychotherapeutic treatments and use of medication. The second section outlines the authors' theoretical approach and contrasts it with other well known methods, including DBT, CAT, and CBT. In the extensive final section, the authors outline their clinical approach starting with how treatment is organised. A detailed account of the transferable features of the model is provided along with the main strategies and techniques of treatment. Numerous clinical examples are given to illustrate the core techniques and detailed information provided about how to apply aspects of the mentalization based treatment approach in everyday practice. Aimedat mental health professionals, along with counsellors, psychotherapists, and psychoanalysts, the book will be a valuable tool, providing an effective means of treating those suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder.

Mentalizing and Epistemic Trust

Download Mentalizing and Epistemic Trust PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019887118X
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mentalizing and Epistemic Trust by : Robbie Duschinsky

Download or read book Mentalizing and Epistemic Trust written by Robbie Duschinsky and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] licence. It is free to read at Oxford Clinical Psychology Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The theory of mentalizing and epistemic trust introduced by Peter Fonagy and colleagues at the Anna Freud Centre has been an important perspective on mental health and illness. Mentalizing and Epistemic Trust is the first comprehensive account and evaluation of this perspective. The book explores twenty primary concepts that organize the contributions of Fonagy and colleagues: adaptation, aggression, the alien self, culture, disorganized attachment, epistemic trust, hypermentalizing, reflective function, the P factor, pretend mode, the primary unconscious, psychic equivalence, mental illness, mentalizing, mentalization-based therapy, non-mentalizing, the self, sexuality, the social environment, and teleological mode. The biographical and social context of the development of these ideas is examined. The book also specifies the current strengths and limitations of the theory of mentalizing and epistemic trust, with attention to the implications for both clinicians and researchers. This book will be of interest to historians of the human sciences, developmental psychologists, and clinicians interested in taking a broader perspective on psychological theory and concepts.

Reflective Parenting

Download Reflective Parenting PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317653289
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reflective Parenting by : Alistair Cooper

Download or read book Reflective Parenting written by Alistair Cooper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever wondered what’s going on in your child’s mind? This engaging book shows how reflective parenting can help you understand your children, manage their behaviour and build your relationship and connection with them. It is filled with practical advice showing how recent developments in mentalization, attachment and neuroscience have transformed our understanding of the parent-child relationship and can bring meaningful change to your own family relationships. Alistair Cooper and Sheila Redfern show you how to make a positive impact on your relationship with your child, starting from the development of the baby’s first relationship with you as parents, to how you can be more reflective in relationships with toddlers, children and young people. Using everyday examples, the authors provide you with practical strategies to develop a more reflective style of parenting and how to use this approach in everyday interactions to help your child achieve their full potential in their development; cognitively, emotionally and behaviourally. Reflective Parenting is an informative and enriching read for parents, written to help parents form a better relationship with their children. It is also an essential resource for clinicians working with children, young people and families to support them in managing the dynamics of the child-parent relationship. This is a book that every parent needs to read.

Mentalization-Based Treatment for Adolescents

Download Mentalization-Based Treatment for Adolescents PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000377008
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mentalization-Based Treatment for Adolescents by : Trudie Rossouw

Download or read book Mentalization-Based Treatment for Adolescents written by Trudie Rossouw and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mentalization-Based Treatment for Adolescents (MBT-A) is a practical guide for child and adolescent mental health professionals to help enhance their knowledge, skills and practice. The book focuses on describing MBT work with adolescents in a practical way that reflects everyday clinical practice. With chapters authored by international experts, it elucidates how to work within a mentalization-based framework with adolescents in individual, family and group settings. Following an initial theoretical orientation embedded in adolescent development, the second part of the book illuminates the MBT stance and technique when working with young people, as well as the supervisory structures employed to sustain the MBT-A therapist. The third part describes applications of MBT-A therapies to support adolescents with a range of presentations. This book will appeal to therapists working with adolescents who wish to develop their expertise in MBT as well as other child and adolescent mental health professionals.

Minding the Child

Download Minding the Child PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136336400
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (363 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Minding the Child by : Nick Midgley

Download or read book Minding the Child written by Nick Midgley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is 'mentalization'? How can this concept be applied to clinical work with children, young people and families? What will help therapists working with children and families to 'keep the mind in mind'? Why does it matter if a parent can 'see themselves from the outside, and their child from the inside'? Minding the Child considers the implications of the concept of mentalization for a range of therapeutic interventions with children and families. Mentalization, and the empirical research which has supported it, now plays a significant role in a range of psychotherapies for adults. In this book we see how these rich ideas about the development of the self and interpersonal relatedness can help to foster the emotional well-being of children and young people in clinical practice and a range of other settings. With contributions from a range of international experts, the three main sections of the book explore: • the concept of mentalization from a theoretical and research perspective • the value of mentalization-based interventions within child mental health services • the application of mentalizing ideas to work in community settings. Minding the Child will be of particular interest to clinicians and those working therapeutically with children and families, but it will also be of interest to academics and students interested in child and adolescent mental health, developmental psychology and the study of social cognition.

Improving Mental Health

Download Improving Mental Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 161537082X
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Improving Mental Health by : Lloyd I. Sederer, M.D.

Download or read book Improving Mental Health written by Lloyd I. Sederer, M.D. and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Improving Mental Health: Four Secrets in Plain Sight, Dr. Lloyd Sederer, a renowned psychiatrist, clinical administrator, and public health advocate, explores four foundational truths he has identified over his extensive career. These "secrets," as he calls them, are hidden in plain sight. They are epiphanies, which can enable practitioners, patients and families to better understand mental illness and improve lives. Written for clinicians in both mental health and primary care, as well as lay readers, this eloquent and concise book is full of apt, beautifully crafted patient stories designed to illuminate four secrets for a happier life. Dr. Sederer also uses historical incidents, wisdom culled from books and movies, and research findings to support his theme. Rarely are books written for mental health practitioners so richly drawn, compassionate, and insightful. Improving Mental Health: Four Secrets in Plain Sight will help clinicians understand their patients—and patients understand themselves.

Restoring Mentalizing in Attachment Relationships

Download Restoring Mentalizing in Attachment Relationships PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1585624187
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Restoring Mentalizing in Attachment Relationships by : Jon G. Allen

Download or read book Restoring Mentalizing in Attachment Relationships written by Jon G. Allen and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2012-07-30 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essence of "plain old therapy," according to Jon G. Allen, is a mindful relationship between the patient and a trusted clinician who recognizes and understands the patient's trauma and connects with the nature and magnitude of his or her suffering. In Restoring Mentalizing in Attachment Relationships: Treating Trauma With Plain Old Therapy, Allen, a clinical psychologist with widely respected expertise in trauma, makes a research-based case for the virtues of the healing relationship created and nurtured through traditional psychotherapy. Though in recent years therapy has become just one of many treatment options for posttraumatic stress disorder and other trauma-related illnesses, the author argues that it remains the best. The book provides a conceptual framework for treating trauma patients and illuminates relationship factors that are empirically associated with positive outcomes. Patients who have suffered broken and dysfunctional attachments will benefit from its emphasis on trust, compassion, and true connection. Mental health clinicians of diverse theoretical orientations -- be they psychiatrists, psychologists, or social workers, in training or practice -- will benefit from its emphasis on what works, as will their patients.

Mentalizing in the Development and Treatment of Attachment Trauma

Download Mentalizing in the Development and Treatment of Attachment Trauma PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429916264
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mentalizing in the Development and Treatment of Attachment Trauma by : Jon G. Allen

Download or read book Mentalizing in the Development and Treatment of Attachment Trauma written by Jon G. Allen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the latest knowledge from attachment research and neuroscience to provide a new approach to treating trauma for therapists from different professional disciplines and diverse theoretical backgrounds. The field of trauma suffers from fragmentation as brands of therapy proliferate in relation to a multiplicity of psychiatric disorders. This fragmentation calls for a fresh clinical approach to treating trauma. Pinpointing at once the problem and potential solution, the author places the experience of being psychologically alone in unbearable emotional states at the heart of trauma in attachment relationships. This trauma results from a failure of mentalizing, that is, empathic attunement to emotional distress. Psychotherapy offers an opportunity for healing by restoring mentalizing, that is, fostering psychological attunement in the context of secure attachment relationships-in the psychotherapy relationship and in other attachment relationships. The book gives a unique overview of common attachment patterns in childhood and adulthood, setting the stage for understanding attachment trauma, which is most conspicuous in maltreatment but also more subtly evident in early and repeated failures of attunement in attachment relationships.