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Hamas And Its Positions Towards Israel Understanding The Islamic Resistance Organization Through The Concept Of Framing
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Book Synopsis Hamas and Its Positions Towards Israel: Understanding the Islamic Resistance Organization Through the Concept of Framing by : Floor Janssen
Download or read book Hamas and Its Positions Towards Israel: Understanding the Islamic Resistance Organization Through the Concept of Framing written by Floor Janssen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas): Studies of Thoughts & Experience by : Dr. Mohsen M. Saleh
Download or read book The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas): Studies of Thoughts & Experience written by Dr. Mohsen M. Saleh and published by مركز الزيتونة للدراسات والاستشارات. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Al-Zaytouna Centre for Studies and Consultations in Beirut has launched the English version of the book “The Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas: Studies of Thought and Experience,” which was co-written by a group of professors specializing in the Palestinian issue and five senior Hamas leaders. The 704-page book is edited by Dr. Mohsen Saleh. The book examines Hamas’s vision and experience in all its aspects. The work sticks to two main commitments: First, adherence to academic research methods, and the accuracy, objectivity and extensive documentation necessary to them. The second is the attempt to present Hamas as it really is, whether by the contributions of specialized researches, who are well informed of Hamas and its experience; or by the contributions of Hamas leaders, who have addressed a number of issues and presented a more comprehensive picture of the Movement. Particularly so when the available literature is insufficient to clarify all the issues being researched, especially for Western audiences interested in understanding the Palestinian issue, of which Hamas has become a key component in the past decade. The book falls in two parts. The first is a collection of eleven studies on Hamas and its experience, in which chapter one presents an overview of the movement experience and history. It discusses the background and inception, and considers Hamas a continuation of the work of the Muslim Brothers (MB) movement that began in the form of popular advocacy through a network of branches and offices beginning in 1945. Interestingly, this chapter examines events that reflect the extent of the MB movement’s participation in armed resistance as well as preaching activities, in addition to their links to the establishment of the Fatah movement, which was co-founded by MB figures. This chapter digs deeper in to the stages that Hamas underwent, especially between 1987 and 2005. The second chapter gives the reader the chance to examine Hamas’s political vision, addressing the wellsprings of Hamas’s political ideology, its approach to religion and state, law, and constitution, and its views on nationalism, secularism, and democracy. Finally, it addresses the rights of minorities in Hamas’s political thought. The chapter contains a plethora of answers to questions usually raised by those interested to learn about Hamas’s ideas, bearing in mind that it is difficult to find material that expresses Hamas’s intellectual frameworks in such a comprehensive manner, except through some of the interviews, which still are no match for the topics covered by the book. In the third chapter, we delve into Hamas’ conceptualization of the other, meaning Hamas’s view of Israel, Judaism, Jews, Zionism and Zionists, which is the basis for understanding the background and future of the conflict. The book, in the fourth and fifth chapters, continues to analyze the relationship between Hamas and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and its factions, and Hamas’s position on Islamic Palestinian movements including the Sufis and Salafis, Hizb ut-Tahrir, and the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (PIJ), explaining the convergences and divergences with these factions. This is based on analyzing both Hamas’s theoretical framework and policies, drawing from primary sources. The sixth chapter highlights an important issue, namely, the peace process. Naturally, readers will wonder how Hamas’s actions and visions approach the peace process. In this chapter, the author examines the stages of evolution of Hamas’s political position on the peace process, whether through the movement’s theoretical and intellectual frameworks, or its practices on the ground. The seventh chapter tackles in detail Hamas’s vision for political and social reform in Palestine, based on the set of principles the group has committed itself to, including its insistence on political freedom for all and the rights of the Palestinian people. Hamas’s political reform project is not confined to internal Palestinian matters, but also cover foreign relations, especially with Arab and Muslim countries. In addition, Hamas’s social reform platform focuses on combatting poverty as the entry point for comprehensive development and reform. The eighth and ninth chapters overview at length Hamas’s Arab and Islamic relations, by analyzing the determinants, objectives, and dimensions of Hamas’s relations, an explaining its position towards the Arab Spring. They also examine Hamas’s relations with Turkey and Iran and their evolution. The tenth chapter deals with Hamas’s experience in government, following the 2006 legislative elections. This chapter explores the defects within the Palestinian political system in order to determine the environment and challenges that Hamas faced. Finally, it assesses Hamas performance in governance in the period 2006–2012. The eleventh chapter concludes the first part of the book by reviewing Western academic literature on Hamas, with a view to answer the following fundamental question: To what extent have these studies succeeded in understanding the true nature of Hamas? The second part of the book includes contributions by five senior Hamas leaders attempting to answer a miscellany of questions regarding different issues appertaining to the Movement. These include a study by Khalid Mish’al, head of Hamas Political Bureau, which is entitled “Hamas: Milestones in Thought and Experience.” A second study entitled “Hamas: A Reading in the Vision and Governance Experience” is contributed by Isma‘il Haniyyah, the new Hamas politburo chief and prime minister of Hamas’s caretaker government. It also includes a contribution by Musa Abu Marzuq, senior Hamas leader and former politburo chief titled Hamas Assessment of the Experience; and a contribution by Usamah Hamdan on Hamas International Relations. The section also includes a paper prepared by Sami Khater, Hamas politburo member, regarding Hamas’s Vision for Managing the Conflict with the “Zionist Enemy.” The book includes an appendix of major documents related to Hamas and its experience since the issuance of its charter in 1987 until the memorandum of enforcement of the Palestinian reconciliation agreement between Fatah and Hamas (Al-Shati’ Agreement) in 2014 besides key political documents issued in the intervening period.
Book Synopsis Hamas in Power: The Question of Transformation by : Hamed, Qossay
Download or read book Hamas in Power: The Question of Transformation written by Hamed, Qossay and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since winning the majority in the Palestinian legislative council in 2006 and seizing power in Gaza in 2007, Hamas’ location in power has posed a serious challenge to its ability to govern without sacrificing its ideological positions. Various factors such as the obligations of governance, regional polarization, the struggle for power against Fatah, the international environment, and the Israeli occupation have affected their governance. Hamas in Power: The Question of Transformation discusses the changes in Hamas’ stance towards the borders of the Palestinian statehood (Two States Solution), the armed resistance, and the peace process. It also attempts to explain Hamas’ perceptions of these issues after assuming power and becoming a government. Covering key topics such as peace, power, governance, and ideology, this reference work is ideal for policymakers, government officials, diplomats, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.
Book Synopsis Between Resistance, Sharia Law, and Demo-Islamic Politics by : Michael Schulz
Download or read book Between Resistance, Sharia Law, and Demo-Islamic Politics written by Michael Schulz and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the fact that many researchers have focused on Hamas’ armed resistance activities, surprisingly few have theorised about the political choices and dilemmas that Hamas has faced in the context of the changing overarching conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. This study aims to show, theoretically, how context-dependent Hamas is when formulating its resistance and Demo-Islamic practise and that this occurs in interrelations with key actors of the conflict. This study also presents important new empirical data that, in part, also challenges previous research. Hamas is one of the very few Islamist organisations that has reached a governance position via democratic and fair elections. Thus, Hamas can serve as a case study of how Islamist may act in (quasi)democratic surroundings. At the same time, Hamas is a key actor in the overarching conflict, which has several unique characteristics. Hamas’ armed resistance is described as an instrument for the Jihad against the Israeli occupation. However, the Dawa work at the grassroots level can also be seen as a resistance practice that can be identified as constructive resistance. The internal discussion in Hamas as to what strategies to apply, as will be shown, are also formed and impacted by various interrelations with external actors of the conflict. The Palestinian public, in particular, is a key actor that influences Hamas in various ways, although Fatah, PLO, Israel and other external actors also have their specific roles to play.
Download or read book Hamas written by Beverley Milton-Edwards and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Declared a terrorist menace yet elected to government in a free election, Hamas now stands as the most important Sunni Islamist group in the Middle East. How did Hamas grow to be so powerful? Who supports it? What is its future? This essential insight into Hamas answers these questions. Milton-Edwards and Farrell have between them spent decades researching and reporting from the heartlands of the Hamas movement and gained unrivalled access to the world of Islamic resistance and radical Islam in its potent Palestinian form. Drawing on their frontline experiences of recent events, their access to secret documents from the western intelligence community and interviews with leaders, militants, and commanders of Hamas' armed battalions, they reveal the full story of Hamas and the future of political Islam in the Middle East. Milton-Edwards and Farrell show Hamas to be a broad and thus more powerful regional phenomenon than previously thought, and by doing so contend that it is now time to rethink the war and the nature of Islam and its role in the Middle East. Beverley Milton-Edwards is Professor in the School of Politics, International Studies and Philosophy at Queens University, Belfast. She is the author of books such as Contemporary Politics in the Middle East (2006) and The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: a People's War (2009). Prize-winning journalist Stephen Farrell is Foreign Correspondent for the New York Times and was previously Middle East correspondent for The Times.
Book Synopsis Religion and Resistance by : Matthew Lawson
Download or read book Religion and Resistance written by Matthew Lawson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The recent conflict in Gaza between the state of Israel and Palestinians led by Hamas has again brought the question of Palestinian statehood to the attention of the international community. Religion has often been mentioned as a cause for the conflict between the two, as well as a reason for the perceived instability of the Middle East. It is within this frame of reference that this study takes place. This study attempts to use this emergence in current events as the starting point for the interaction between religion and resistance movements, examining the incorporation of Islamic doctrine into the actions towards Israel of the resistance movements Hamas and Hezbollah. In an attempt to determine the incorporation of Islam into resistance movements, this study will undertake case studies on two leading Islamic resistance movements, Hamas and Hezbollah. The Islamic doctrine to be investigated in these studies is that of the Umma, the worldwide community of Muslim believers. These case studies will examine how the doctrine of umma affects the two resistance movements, as well as variations in its interpretation in the two movements. This will allow for both an understanding of religious influence in resistance movements, but will also examine the differentiation of understanding of doctrine in Islam, as Hamas is primarily a Sunni organization, while Hezbollah is primarily Shiite. In this, a greater understanding of each of these concepts and their interaction will be gained.
Download or read book Hamas written by Khaled Hroub and published by The Other Press. This book was released on with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ted Thornton provides an overview about the Hamas. Hamas stands for the Islamic Resistance Movement, a Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist organization that has a military wing. The group has carried out terrorist attacks on Israelis. Shiek Ahmed Yassin is the founder of Hamas, and he was imprisoned by the Israelis in 1989. He was released in 1997.
Book Synopsis HAMAS. The Islamic Resistance Movement and Key Issues in International Terrorism by : Stefan Pauly
Download or read book HAMAS. The Islamic Resistance Movement and Key Issues in International Terrorism written by Stefan Pauly and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1,5, University of St Andrews (Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence), language: English, abstract: Hamas is an acronym that stands for “Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyya”, or Islamic Resistance Movement, whereas the word Hamas in itself also means “zeal” or “enthusiasm” in Arabic and, according to some sources, additionally originates from another term with the meaning of “courage and bravery”. Hamas is by far the largest and perhaps also most influential militant Palestinian organization. It combines a religio-political ideology with nationalist-separatist elements. Hamas is mainly active in the Palestinian territories, and currently in control of the Gaza Strip. Its overall goal is the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine. Written in early 2011, the paper provides a brief overview of the Islamic Resistance Movement and a retrospect of what was known about Hamas back then. A helpful quick-guide giving some of the most important names and dates in the movement's history.
Download or read book Engage Hamas written by Carlos D. Lugo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian Legislative Council elections and controls the Gaza Strip, yet both Israel and the United States reject engagement with the Islamic Resistance Movement. The uncompromising rhetoric in Hamasʼ founding Charter as well as the terrorist attacks it has carried out against Israel have resulted in the belief that Hamas is an extremist terrorist organization and a total spoiler that cannot be reformed. This thesis posits that the current policy is inaccurate and that Hamas is better categorized as a Social Movement Organization acting as a limited spoiler. In order to assess whether Hamas is held captive by its radical ideology or whether it can balance it with pragmatic political practice, this work will take the components of Social Movement Theory and apply them to organization. It will look at the way Hamas uses Resource Mobilization and Framing, as well as how it responds to the changing Political Opportunity Structure in the Palestinian Territories . The findings show that Hamas is not a fanatical terrorist organization nor a total spoiler, but a complex social movement whose structure and actions are in line with those expected of a pragmatic organization. This does not imply that Hamas will reject its Charter or renounce violence without pressure being applied to it, but it does support a different solution to the Hamas problem than what current policy dictates.
Download or read book Hamas written by Jim Zanotti and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report and its appendixes provide background information on Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement, and U.S. policy towards it. It also includes information and analysis on (1) the threats Hamas currently poses to U.S. interests, (2) how Hamas compares with other Middle East terrorist groups, (3) Hamas's ideology and policies (both generally and on discrete issues), (4) its leadership and organization, and (5) its sources of assistance. Finally, the report raises and discusses various legislative and oversight options related to foreign aid strategies, financial sanctions, and regional and international political approaches. In evaluating these options, Congress can assess how Hamas has emerged and adapted over time, and also scrutinize the track record of U.S., Israeli, and international policy to counter Hamas. Hamas is a Palestinian Islamist military and sociopolitical movement that grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood. The United States, Israel, the European Union, and Canada consider Hamas a terrorist organization because of (1) its violent resistance to what it deems Israeli occupation of historic Palestine (constituting present-day Israel, West Bank, and Gaza Strip), and (2) its rejection of the off-and-on peace process involving Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since the early 1990s. Since Hamas's inception in 1987, it has maintained its primary base of political support and its military command in the Gaza Strip-a territory it has controlled since June 2007-while also having a significant presence in the West Bank. The movement's political leadership is currently headquartered in exile in Damascus, Syria. Hamas receives assistance and training from Iran, Syria, and the Lebanese Shiite militant group Hezbollah. Hamas is often discussed alongside other groups in the region that engage in militant and terrorist activities to achieve their ends, yet Hamas has confined its militancy to Israel and the Palestinian territories-distinguishing it from the broader aspirations expressed by Al Qaeda and its affiliates. The overarching U.S. goal regarding Hamas is to deter, transform, marginalize, or neutralize it so that it no longer presents a threat to Israel's security, to a peaceful and lasting resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, or to other U.S. interests-either in its own right or as a proxy of Iran or other actors. Various legislative and policy initiatives designed to accomplish this goal have at most achieved temporary or partial success. It is possible to conclude that U.S. and other international support for Israel and the Palestinian Authority/PLO dominated by Fatah (Hamas's main rival faction) has been counterproductive to some extent when comparing Hamas's domestic, regional, and international strength in the early 1990s-measured by factors such as popularity, military force, and leverage with other actors (including Israel and Fatah)-to its current strength. The Israeli-Egyptian closure regime in Gaza and various U.S. and international initiatives constrain and isolate Hamas to a point and may exacerbate its internal organizational tensions and tactical disagreements. Yet, the threats Hamas continues to pose to Israel, to prospects for a two-state solution and to the future of Palestinian democracy present considerable risks and difficult trade-offs for any U.S. policy decisions going forward.
Download or read book Hamas written by Paul Scham and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hamas is not hostile to Jews because of religion. Rather, Hamas's view toward Israel is based on a fundamental belief that Israel has occupied land that is inherently Palestinian and Islamic.
Book Synopsis Hamas Through a Constructivist Lens by : Nikolai L. Andresky
Download or read book Hamas Through a Constructivist Lens written by Nikolai L. Andresky and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-09-30 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is an examination of the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS). IT describes the international relations theory of constructivism, which is focused on the role of normative structure in the actions of a state. Normative structure consists of behavioral norms and identity. Liberal and realist theoretical frameworks cannot adequately explain the fact that HAMAS continue to behave like a resistance movement despite the fact that the 2006 Legislative Election has provided it with an avenue for change. The Constructivist approach points to an examination of the group's normative structure in order to provide explanation. The normative structure of HAMAS is first codified in the “Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement.” It is later reinforced during the First and Second (al-Aqsa) “Intifadas.” The 2006 election of HAMAS to a parliamentary majority should have been a transformative event for the organization. Instead both regional and international actors enacted policies that reinforced norms and identity consistent with a resistance movement. It has also shielded HAMAS from domestic accountability. The publication recommends that the international community pressure the Palestinian National Authority to return to a unity government arrangement with HAMAS, Israel end it embargo of Gaza, and that Israel accept HAMAS' offer of a temporary cease fire. This policy is more likely to either cause HAMAS to modify its norms and behaviors or allow it to fail due to its own inadequacies.
Book Synopsis HAMAS Between Violence and Pragmatism by : Marc A. Walther
Download or read book HAMAS Between Violence and Pragmatism written by Marc A. Walther and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Far from being solely a terrorist organization, Hamas is a heterogeneous movement that uses both violence and political participation to achieve its main objective, which is to stay in power and preserve its identity. Two opinions about Hamas are prevalent. According to the first opinion, Hamas is a radical, terrorist organization. The policy implication of this opinion is simple: Hamas cannot be reformed and will continue to use violence until it is neutralized. According to the second opinion, Hamas is a social movement that does not necessarily need to use violence. This school of thought sees Hamas as a movement that can learn to refrain from violence. The policy implication of this opinion is that Hamas' participation in politics will help it transition into a nonviolent organization. Both perspectives emphasize only a particular part of Hamas, either its use of violence or its political development. But Hamas must be analyzed and understood by the complexity of its organization and the interdependency of its actions to internal and external influences. Therefore, it is important to pose the following questions: (1) What are the domestic, international, and internal organizational factors that shape Hamas' behavior and lead to either pragmatic nonviolent action or the use of violence?; and (2) Is Hamas' ideological movement driven by absolute religious principles that cannot be compromised, or is it a pragmatic organization capable of justifying compromise even on a seemingly immutable doctrine? This thesis asserts a middle position: Hamas' decision to act depends on two factors, its internal situation and the political and situational circumstances on the ground in Palestine. The middle position implies that the situation on the ground can be influenced in a way that gives Hamas little or no incentive to use violence."--abstract of author's Master's thesis.
Author :Brad Power Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781515015659 Total Pages :58 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (156 download)
Download or read book Hamas and Hezbollah written by Brad Power and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-07-10 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hamas is an acronym for Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah (Islamic Resistance Movement). Founded in 1987, Hamas is a militant Sunni Palestinian organization operating primarily in the Gaza Strip and parts of the West Bank. The group's followers are opposed to the existence of Israel, and believe that it is the religious duty of every Muslim to assist in the return of all Israeli-controlled territory to the Palestinians. Hamas is part militant fighting force, part Sunni political party and part social service organization that has a growing influence in its OE. An overarching Shura council provides organizational guidance and oversight for the organization as a whole. Hamas is composed of three overlapping "wings" or sections-the social services/welfare section, the political bureau and the military wing. The political bureau is led by Khalad Mashal. Mashal's deputy, Mousa Abu Marzouk, operates in the Gaza Strip. The political bureau, which is the public political face of Hamas, is composed of 8-12 members and oversees the combat elements (Qassam Brigades) and social services section. Despite public pronouncements of such organizational boundaries, the divisions are operationally less significant. Missions, personnel and resources flow between the sections with the military component ultimately garnering the most attention and funding. The fighting section, as the group's name states, defines it is the heart and soul of Hamas.
Book Synopsis HAMAS Through a Constructivist Lens by :
Download or read book HAMAS Through a Constructivist Lens written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is an examination of the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS). It describes the international relations theory of constructivism, which is focused on the role of normative structure in the actions of a state. Normative structure consists of behavioral norms and identity. Liberal and realist theoretical frameworks cannot adequately explain the fact that HAMAS continues to behave like a resistance movement despite the fact that the 2006 Legislative Election has provided it with an avenue for change. The Constructivist approach points to an examination ofthe group's normative structure in order to provide explanation. The normative structure of HAMAS is first codified in the Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement. It is later reinforced during the First and Second (al-Aqsa) Intifadas. The 2006 election of HAMAS to a parliamentary majority should have been a transformative event for the organization. Instead both regional and international actors enacted policies that reinforced norms and identity consistent with a resistance movement. It has also shielded HAMAS from domestic accountability. The monograph recommends that the international community pressure the Palestinian National Authority to return to a unity government arrangement with HAMAS, Israel end its embargo of Gaza, and that Israel accept HAMAS' offer of a temporary cease fire. This policy is more likely to either cause HAMAS to modify its norms and behaviors or allow it to fail due to its own inadequacies.
Book Synopsis Hamas Futuristic Understanding by : Marwan Asmar
Download or read book Hamas Futuristic Understanding written by Marwan Asmar and published by مرطز دراسات الشرق الأوسط. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I- Hamas: A Conceptual Approach II- Hamas and Rule of Politics III- Early Roots: Rise of an Islamic Movement IV- Hamas and the Development of an Integrated Structure V- The Izz al-Ddin al-Qassam Brigades VI- The Islamic Social Sector in Gaza VII- Israeli “Anti-Literature” VIII- Destroying the “Tunnel Economy” IX- Hamas and “Mainstream Literature” X- Gaza “Uninhabitable” by 2020 XI- “Getting Hamas through the People” XII- Hamas and Inter-Palestinian Relations XIII- Financial Dire Straits XIV- Hamas and its “Regional Outlook” XV- Hamas Relations with World Countries XVI- Futuristic Scenarios
Book Synopsis Hamas and Suicide Terrorism by : Rashmi Singh
Download or read book Hamas and Suicide Terrorism written by Rashmi Singh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the root causes of suicide terrorism at both the elite and rank-and- file levels of the Hamas and also explains why this tactic has disappeared in the post-2006 period. This volume adopts a multi-causal, multi-level approach to analyse the use of suicide bombings by Hamas and its individual operatives in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It uses extensive fieldwork and on-the-ground interviews in order to delve beneath the surface and understand why and how suicide operations were adopted as a sustained mechanism of engagement within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Three core factors fuelled Hamas’s suicide bombing campaigns. First, Palestinian suicide operations are a complex combination of instrumental and expressive violence adopted by both organisations and individuals to achieve political and/or societal survival, retaliation and competition. In other words, suicide bombings not only serve distinct political and strategic goals for both Hamas and its operatives but they also serve to convey a symbolic message to various audiences, within Israel, the Palestinian territories and around the world. Second, suicide operations perform a crucial role in the formation and consolidation of Palestinian national identity and are also the latest manifestation of the historically entrenched cultural norm of militant heroic martyrdom. Finally, Hamas’s use of political Islam also facilitates the articulation, justification and legitimisation of suicide operations as a modern-day jihad against Israel through the means of modern interpretations and fatwas. This approach not only facilitates a much needed, multifaceted, holistic understanding of suicide bombings in this particular region but also yields policy-relevant lessons to address extreme political violence in other parts of the world. This book will be of much interest to students of Hamas, terrorism, Middle East politics and security studies.
