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Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance Modeling In A 131 Year Perspective 1950 2080
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Book Synopsis Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass-balance Modeling in a 131-year Perspective, 1950-2080 by :
Download or read book Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass-balance Modeling in a 131-year Perspective, 1950-2080 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluctuations in the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface mass-balance (SMB) and freshwater influx to the surrounding oceans closely follow climate fluctuations and are of considerable importance to the global eustatic sea level rise. SnowModel, a state-of-the-art snow-evolution modeling system, was used to simulate variations in the GrIS melt extent, surface water balance components, changes in SMB, and freshwater influx to the ocean. The simulations are based on the IPCC scenario AlB modeled by the HIRHAM4 RCM (using boundary conditions from ECHAM5 AOGCM) from 1950 through 2080. In-situ meteorological station (GC-Net and WMO DMI) observations from inside and outside the GrIS were used to validate and correct RCM output data before it was used as input for SnowModel. Satellite observations and independent SMB studies were used to validate the SnowModel output and confirm the model's robustness. We simulated a ≈90% increase in end-of-summer surface melt extent (0.483 x 106 km2) from 1950 to 2080, and a melt index (above 2,000-m elevation) increase of 138% (1.96 x 106 km2 x days). The greatest difference in melt extent occured in the southern part of the GrIS, and the greatest changes in the number of melt days was seen in the eastern part of the GrIS (≈50-70%) and was lowest in the west (≈20-30%). The rate of SMB loss, largely tied to changes in ablation processes, lead to an enhanced average loss of 331 km3 from 1950 to 2080, an average 5MB level of -99 km3 for the period 2070-2080. GrIS surface freshwater runoff yielded an eustatic rise in sea level from 0.8 ± 0.1 (1950-1959) to 1.9 ± 0.1 mm (2070-2080) sea level equivalent (SLE) y−1. The accumulated GrIS freshwater runoff contribution from surface melting equaled 160 mm SLE from 1950 through 2080.
Book Synopsis The Global Cryosphere by : Roger G. Barry
Download or read book The Global Cryosphere written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, including their past characteristics, and future states.
Book Synopsis Surface Mass Balance Model Intercomparison for the Greenland Ice Sheet by : Christopher L. Vernon
Download or read book Surface Mass Balance Model Intercomparison for the Greenland Ice Sheet written by Christopher L. Vernon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Issues in Global Environment: Climate and Climate Change: 2011 Edition by :
Download or read book Issues in Global Environment: Climate and Climate Change: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Global Environment: Climate and Climate Change: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Global Environment—Climate and Climate Change. The editors have built Issues in Global Environment: Climate and Climate Change: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Global Environment—Climate and Climate Change in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Global Environment: Climate and Climate Change: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Effect of Modeled Pre-industrial Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance Bias on Uncertainty in Sea Level Rise Projections in 2100 by : Gail Ruth Gutowski
Download or read book Effect of Modeled Pre-industrial Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance Bias on Uncertainty in Sea Level Rise Projections in 2100 written by Gail Ruth Gutowski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes to ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB) are going to play a significant role in future sea level rise (SLR), particularly for the Greenland ice sheet. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) found that Greenland ice sheet (GIS) response to changes in SMB is expected to contribute 9 ± 4 cm to sea level by 2100 (Fettweis et al 2013), though other estimates suggest the possibility of an even larger response. Modern ice sheet geometry and surface velocities are common metrics for determining a model's predictability of future climate. However, care must be taken to robustly quantify prediction uncertainty because errors in boundary conditions such as SMB can be compensated by (and therefore practically inseparable from) errors in other aspects of the model, complicating calculations of total uncertainty. We find that SMB calculated using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) differs from established standards due to errors in the CESM SMB boundary condition. During the long ice sheet initialization process, small SMB errors such as these have an opportunity to amplify into larger uncertainties in GIS sensitivity to climate change. These uncertainties manifest themselves in ice sheet surface geometry changes, ice mass loss, and subsequent SLR. While any bias in SMB is not desirable, it is not yet clear how sensitive SLR projections are to boundary condition forcing errors. We explore several levels of SMB forcing bias in order to analyze their influence on future SLR. We evaluate ensembles of ice sheets forced by 4 different levels of SMB forcing error, covering a range of errors similar to SMB biases between CESM and RACMO SMB. We find that GIS SMB biases on the order of 1 m/yr result in 7.8 ± 3.4 cm SLR between 1850 and 2100, corresponding to 100% uncertainty at the 2[sigma] level. However, we find unexpected feedbacks between SMB and surface geometry in the northern GIS. We propose that the use of elevation classes may be incorrectly altering the feedback mechanisms in that part of the ice sheet.
Author :Intergouvernemental panel on climate change. Working group 1 Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :110705799X Total Pages :1553 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (7 download)
Book Synopsis Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis by : Intergouvernemental panel on climate change. Working group 1
Download or read book Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis written by Intergouvernemental panel on climate change. Working group 1 and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 1553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report also provides a comprehensive assessment of past and future sea level change in a dedicated chapter.
Book Synopsis Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin by : The BACC II Author Team
Download or read book Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by The BACC II Author Team and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
Book Synopsis The Climate Modelling Primer by : Kendal McGuffie
Download or read book The Climate Modelling Primer written by Kendal McGuffie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Fourth Edition is designed to explain the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book will assist the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. Now in full colour throughout and with the addition of cartoons to enhance student understanding the new edition of this successful textbook enables the student to tackle the difficult subject of climate modeling.
Book Synopsis Dynamics and Predictability of Large-Scale, High-Impact Weather and Climate Events by : Jianping Li
Download or read book Dynamics and Predictability of Large-Scale, High-Impact Weather and Climate Events written by Jianping Li and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the dynamical processes between high-impact weather and climate events, and between atmospheric and ocean phenomena.
Book Synopsis Mass Balance of the Cryosphere by : Jonathan L. Bamber
Download or read book Mass Balance of the Cryosphere written by Jonathan L. Bamber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed and comprehensive overview of observational and modelling techniques for all climate change, environmental science and glaciology researchers.
Book Synopsis Figurative Language, Genre and Register by : Alice Deignan
Download or read book Figurative Language, Genre and Register written by Alice Deignan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume combines diverse research scenarios to present a solid framework for analysis of figurative language. Figurative Language, Genre and Register brings together discourse analysis and corpus linguistics in a cutting-edge study of figurative language in spoken and written discourse. The authors explore a diverse range of communities from chronic pain sufferers to nursery staff to present a detailed framework for the analysis of figurative language. The reader is shown how figurative language is used between members of these communities to construct their own 'world view', and how this can change with a shift in perspective. Figurative language is shown to be pervasive and inescapable, but it is also suggested that it varies significantly across genres.
Download or read book Climate Change written by Juan A. Blanco and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-12 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an interdisciplinary view of the biophysical issues related to climate change. Climate change is a phenomenon by which the long-term averages of weather events (i.e. temperature, precipitation, wind speed, etc.) that define the climate of a region are not constant but change over time. There have been a series of past periods of climatic change, registered in historical or paleoecological records. In the first section of this book, a series of state-of-the-art research projects explore the biophysical causes for climate change and the techniques currently being used and developed for its detection in several regions of the world. The second section of the book explores the effects that have been reported already on the flora and fauna in different ecosystems around the globe. Among them, the ecosystems and landscapes in arctic and alpine regions are expected to be among the most affected by the change in climate, as they will suffer the more intense changes. The final section of this book explores in detail those issues.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Impact in Using Reanalysis Products to Simulate Surface Mass Balance Over the Greenland Ice Sheet by : Jessica Dawn Kromer
Download or read book Assessing the Impact in Using Reanalysis Products to Simulate Surface Mass Balance Over the Greenland Ice Sheet written by Jessica Dawn Kromer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB), and processes which influence its behavior remain an active area of research, particularly for understanding the current sea-level budget and future projections of ice sheet mass loss. Currently, various methods are employed to model the surface mass balance of the contemporary GrIS, with methodologies ranging from the use of simple positive degree day models (PDD) to computationally intensive energy balance models (EBM's) and regional climate models (RCM's). Many of these methodologies rely on either direct forcing's (EBM's and PDD) or boundary conditions (RCM's) from atmospheric reanalysis products. Over time atmospheric reanalysis products have continued to improve with respect to horizontal resolution, allowing for direct use of fields critical for modeling and understanding the surface mass balance. Here we use a PDD model forced by temperature and precipitation from 3 atmospheric reanalysis products (ERA 5, Arctic System Reanalysis, and MERRA 2) at varying mesh resolution (30 km, 15 km, ~55 km respectively) to simulate the surface mass balance across the GrIS during the period 2000-2016. As higher resolution reanalysis products can help to better understand the contemporary GrIS surface mass balance, we highlight how variables important to the estimation of SMB vary amongst these reanalysis products and how these differences affect the SMB.
Book Synopsis Improving a Priori Regional Climate Model Estimates of Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Loss Through Assimilation of Measured Ice Surface Temperatures by : Mahdi Navari
Download or read book Improving a Priori Regional Climate Model Estimates of Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Loss Through Assimilation of Measured Ice Surface Temperatures written by Mahdi Navari and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Greenland ice sheet has been the focus of climate studies due to its considerable impact on sea level rise. Accurate estimates of surface mass balance components - including precipitation, runoff, and evaporation - over the Greenland ice sheet would contribute to understanding the cause of the ice sheet's recent changes (i.e., increase in melt amount and duration, thickening of ice sheet interior, thinning at the ice sheet margins) and help to forecast future changes. Deterministic approaches provide a general trend of the surface mass fluxes, but they cannot characterize the uncertainty of estimates. The data assimilation method developed in this dissertation aimed to optimally merge the satellite-derived ice surface temperature into a snow/ice model while taking into account the uncertainty of input variables. Satellite-derived ice surface temperatures were used to improve the estimates of the Greenland ice sheet surface mass fluxes. Three studies were conducted on the Greenland ice sheet. The goal of the first study was to provide a proof of concept of the proposed methodology. A set of observing system simulation experiments was performed to retrieve the true surface mass fluxes of the Greenland ice sheet. The data assimilation framework was able to reduce the RMSE of the prior estimates of runoff, sublimation/evaporation, surface condensation, and surface mass loss fluxes by 61%, 64%, 76%, and 62%, respectively, over the nominal prior estimates from the regional climate model. In the second study, satellite-derived ice surface temperatures were assimilated into a snow/ice model. The results show that the data assimilation framework was capable of retrieving ice surface temperatures with a mean spatial RMSE of 0.3 K which was 69% less than that of the prior estimate without conditioning on satellite-derived ice surface measurements. Evaluation of surface mass fluxes is a critical part of the study; however, it is limited by the spare amount of independent data sets. Several data sets were used to investigate the feasibility of verification of results. It was found that predicted melt duration is in agreement with melt duration from passive microwave measurements; however, more efforts are needed to further verify the results. In the third study, the feasibility of microwave radiance assimilation was investigated by characterizing the error and uncertainty in predicted passive microwave brightness temperature from the radiative transfer model. We found significant uncertainty between the predicted measurement and satellite-derived passive microwave brightness temperature due to error in snow states, coarse resolution of the passive microwave and also an imperfect coupled snow/ice and radiative transfer model. Based on our findings, radiance assimilation requires more accurate snow grain size parameterization to take into account temporal and spatial variability of snow grain size. Furthermore, coarse resolution of both passive microwave brightness temperature and snow/ice model and attribute uncertainties of both predicted and measured brightness temperature make the radiance assimilation unattractive. This research demonstrates that ice surface temperature measurements have valuable information that can be extracted by a data assimilation technique to improve the estimates of the Greenland ice sheet surface mass fluxes.
Book Synopsis The Surface Mass Balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet by : Nicole Petra Marie van Lipzig
Download or read book The Surface Mass Balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet written by Nicole Petra Marie van Lipzig and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mass-balance Measurements and Modelling by :
Download or read book Mass-balance Measurements and Modelling written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Waking the Giant written by Bill McGuire and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that the rapid climate change will provoke geophysical events, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.
