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Author : Adam Igneczi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Greenland Ice Sheet Hydrology and Dynamics written by Adam Igneczi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vena Chu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Hydrologic Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet from Remote Sensing and Field Measurements written by Vena Chu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current need for forecasting Greenland Ice Sheet contributions to global sea level rise is complicated by the lack of understanding of ice sheet hydrology. The proportion of meltwater contributing to sea level rise, as well as the pathways transporting meltwater on, through, and out of the ice sheet, are not well understood. Remote sensing of hydrologic dynamics in combination with small-scale fieldwork allows examination of broad spatial and temporal trends in the Greenland hydrologic system responding to a changing climate. This dissertation reviews the current state of knowledge on Greenland Ice Sheet hydrology, and examines three components of the Greenland hydrologic system: (1) fjord sediment plumes as an indicator of meltwater output, (2) supraglacial streamflow as an indicator of meltwater input to the ice sheet, and (3) moulin distribution and formation as a mechanism diverting meltwater from the surface of the ice sheet to the bed. Buoyant sediment plumes that develop in fjords downstream of outlet glaciers are controlled by numerous factors, including meltwater runoff. MODIS retrievals of sediment plume concentration show a strong regional and seasonal response to meltwater production on the ice sheet surface, despite limitations in fjords with rapidly calving glaciers, providing a tool for tracking meltwater release to the ocean. Summertime field observations and high-resolution satellite imagery reveal extensive supraglacial river networks across the southwestern ablation zone transporting large volumes of meltwater to moulins, yet these features remain poorly mapped and their discharges unquantified. A GIS modeling framework is developed to spatially adapt Manning's equation for use with high-resolution WorldView-2 imagery to map supraglacial river discharge. Moulins represent connections between surface meltwater on the Greenland ice sheet and subglacial drainage networks, where increased meltwater can enhance ice sliding dynamics. A new high-resolution moulin dataset in western Greenland created from WorldView-1/2 imagery in the 2012 record melt year is used to assess moulin distribution and formation. Moulin locations show a significantly different distribution compared to geospatial variables in the entire study area, with moulins forming in areas of thinner ice, higher velocity and extensional strain rate, as well as lower surface elevation and slope, and higher bed elevation and slope.
Author : Conrad Pawel Koziol
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Modelling the Impact of Surface Melt on the Hydrology and Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet written by Conrad Pawel Koziol and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C.J. van der Veen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439835675
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Glacier Dynamics written by C.J. van der Veen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (2007) acknowledged that current ice sheet models do not adequately treat the dynamic response of ice sheets to climate change. This second edition addresses these issues through the addition of new chapters covering glacier instabilities, the interpretation of observations, and ice sheets and sea level. Another new chapter covers glacier mass balance. The text also provides the necessary background and theoretical foundation for developing more realistic ice sheet models, which is essential for better integration of data and observations as well as for better model development.
Author : Johannes Oerlemans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400963254
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Ice Sheets and Climate written by Johannes Oerlemans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate modelling is a field in rapid development, and the fltudy of cryospheric processes has become an important part of it. On smaller time scales, the effect of snow cover and sea ice on the atmospheric circulation is of concern for long-range weather forecasting. Thinking in decades or centuries, the effect of a C02 climatic warming on the present-day ice sheets, and the resulting changes in global sea level, has drawn a lot of attention. In particular, the dynamics of marine ice sheets (ice sheets on a bed that would be below sea level after removal of ice and full isostatic rebound) is a subject of continuous research. This interest stems from the fact that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is a marine ice sheet which, according to some workers, may be close to a complete collapse. The Pleistocene ice ages, or glacial cycles, are best characterized by total ice volume on earth, indicating that on 4 5 large time scales (10 to 10 yr) ice sheets are a dominant component of the climate system. The enormous amount of paleoclimatic information obtained from deep-sea sediments in the last few decades has led to a complete revival of iriterest in the physical aspects of the Pleistocene climatic evolution.
Author : Thomas Chudley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)
Download or read book UAV-based Investigations Into the Hydrology and Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet written by Thomas Chudley and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kiya Riverman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (992 download)
Download or read book Flow Dynamics of the NE Greenland Ice Stream with Hydrological Insights from Englacial Exploration of Larsbreen, Svalbard written by Kiya Riverman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaciers and ice sheets are large reservoirs of freshwater. In order to project how these icy reservoirs will respond to future climate, predictive models must incorporate all relevant ice flow processes and dynamics. Here, I present observations of glaciers in Greenland and Svalbard that advance our understanding of the role of meltwater in rapid ice flow. Chapters 1-4 concern the North East Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS), a large flow feature of the Greenland Ice Sheet that drains a catchment spanning ~11% of the ice sheet area. I investigate the controls on ice stream location using geophyscial and remote sensing techniques. I find water flow at the base of the ice is, in part, controlled by enhanced firn densification and surface elevation changes in areas of high stress. The basal conditions across the ice stream are very heterogeneous, with variable water content and till thickness (Chapters 2, 3). Under both shear margins, I find shear-marginal moraines, as well as mega-scale glacial lineations within the central trunk of the ice stream (Chapter 4). Chapters 5 and 6 concern the hydrology of cold glacier on Svalbard. I use glaciospeleology (ice caving) to map the englacial and subglacial channels on Larsbreen, Spitsbergen across 3 years. Waterfalls within the glacier migrate rapidly and dominate change within the englacial system each year. I suggest that formation and migration of the final waterfall to the bed of the glacier is a potentially large source of erosion.
Author : Kate Hannah Briggs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (827 download)
Download or read book Satellite Investigations of Ice Dynamics and Supraglacial Lake Development in Greenland written by Kate Hannah Briggs and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis aims to improve the current understanding of the processes which control the flow variability of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) outlet glaciers. The most recent Intergovernmental Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (Meehl et al., 2007) identifies that a critical limitation to forecasts of sea-level rise are uncertainties in modelling the ice dynamics of the GrIS. Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) feature tracking, seasonal velocities of land- and marine- terminating glaciers in a region in the northeast of Greenland are measured. Records of air temperature in conjunction with seasonal observations of supraglacial lake development, sea ice conditions and ice front positions, derived from SAR imagery, are used to investigate the controls on the observed variations in ice velocity. A clear link between ice velocities and glacier hydrology is found. These findings are consistent with observations from other glaciers in Greenland and are suggestive of a universal hydrological forcing of ice velocity for the whole of the GrIS ablation zone. Lake drainage events have been identified as a key factor in linking atmospheric changes, glacier hydrology and ice velocities in Greenland. For modelling purposes, a means of parameterising the distribution and evolution of supraglacial lakes is therefore needed. Assuming that water will pond in surface depressions, this thesis assesses the ability of using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for this purpose. High resolution DEMs are created using Interferometric SAR (InSAR) for two, separate regions of the GrIS. The positions and areal extent of surface depressions are compared with those of lakes observed in optical satellite imagery. The level of correspondence between the two datasets is found to be poor as a result of the resolution of the DEMs and the physical differences between surface depressions and lakes (e.g. lakes may not fill the capacity of the depression). An alternative method for parameterising the seasonal distribution of supra-glacial lakes, by extrapolating trends observed in current lake distributions, is investigated. The locations and evolution of lakes in the west of Greenland during the summer of 2003 are mapped using 47 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. Clear trends are identified in the distributions of lakes with elevation and are linked to the seasonal melt-cycle and to changes in ice thickness and its influence on surface depressions, tensile stresses and hydrofracturing. It may be possible to extrapolate these trends to other regions and higher elevations on the ice sheet, thereby enabling the distribution of lakes to be parameterised in ice sheet models. The findings of this thesis help to contribute to the understanding of the interaction between climate and ice dynamics in the context of the GrIS.
Author : C.J.van der Veen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9789054104704
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Glacier Dynamics written by C.J.van der Veen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Glacier Dynamics presents an introduction to modelling the flow and dynamics of glaciers. The emphasis is more on developing and outlining procedures than on providing a complete overview of all aspects of glacier dynamics. Derivations leading to frequently-used equations are presented step-by-step to allow the reader to grasp the mathematical details and approximations involved and gain the understanding needed to apply similar concepts to different applications. The first four chapters discuss the background and theory needed for glacier modelling. The central part of the book discusses simple analytical solutions and time-evolving numerical models that are used to study general aspects of glacier dynamics and important feedback mechanisms. The final three chapters discuss applications specific to smaller mountain glaciers, the Greenland Ice Sheet, and the Antarctic Ice Sheet, respectively. This book will be suitable for graduate courses in geophysics and will also serve as a reference volume for scientists active in all aspects of glaciology and related research. Standard undergraduate mathematics and physics are sufficient background for studying the text.
Author : Vijay P. Singh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048126428
Total Pages : 1301 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earth’s cryosphere, which includes snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost, contains about 75% of the earth’s fresh water. It exists at almost all latitudes, from the tropics to the poles, and plays a vital role in controlling the global climate system. It also provides direct visible evidence of the effect of climate change, and, therefore, requires proper understanding of its complex dynamics. This encyclopedia mainly focuses on the various aspects of snow, ice and glaciers, but also covers other cryospheric branches, and provides up-to-date information and basic concepts on relevant topics. It includes alphabetically arranged and professionally written, comprehensive and authoritative academic articles by well-known international experts in individual fields. The encyclopedia contains a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from the atmospheric processes responsible for snow formation; transformation of snow to ice and changes in their properties; classification of ice and glaciers and their worldwide distribution; glaciation and ice ages; glacier dynamics; glacier surface and subsurface characteristics; geomorphic processes and landscape formation; hydrology and sedimentary systems; permafrost degradation; hazards caused by cryospheric changes; and trends of glacier retreat on the global scale along with the impact of climate change. This book can serve as a source of reference at the undergraduate and graduate level and help to better understand snow, ice and glaciers. It will also be an indispensable tool containing specialized literature for geologists, geographers, climatologists, hydrologists, and water resources engineers; as well as for those who are engaged in the practice of agricultural and civil engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences and engineering, ecosystem management, and other relevant subjects.
Author : Jonathan L. Bamber
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521808958
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Mass Balance of the Cryosphere written by Jonathan L. Bamber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed and comprehensive overview of observational and modelling techniques for all climate change, environmental science and glaciology researchers.
Author : Alison Frances Banwell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Modelling the Hydrology of the Greenland Ice Sheet written by Alison Frances Banwell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mehmet Rahmi Karatay
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (827 download)
Download or read book Modelling the Hydrology of the Greenland Ice Sheet written by Mehmet Rahmi Karatay and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis aims to better understand the relationships between basal water pressure, friction, and sliding mechanisms at ice sheet scales. In particular, it develops a new subglacial hydrology model (Hydro) to explicitly predict water pressures in response to basal water production and water injection from the surface. Recent research suggests that the Greenland ice sheet (gis) is losing a substantial volume of ice through dynamic thinning. This process must be modelled to accurately assess the contribution of the gis to sea-level rise in future warming scenarios. A key control on dynamic thinning is the presence of water at the ice-bed interface; Zwally et al. (2002) highlight the importance of supraglacial lakes' impact on basal ice dynamics, a process now con rmed by Das et al. (2008) and Shepherd et al. (2009). Many studies focus on the effects of surface meltwater reaching the bed of the gis but the underlying processes are often ignored. Geothermal, strain, and frictional melting, which evolves with basal hydrology, provide the background basal pressure profile that surface meltwater perturbates. Without understanding how these heat terms affect the background profile it is difficult to define basal boundary conditions in models and therefore difficult to model the dynamic response of the gis to surface melting. Hydro tracks subglacial water pressures and the evolution of efficient drainage networks. Coupled with the existing 3D thermomechanical ice sheet model Glimmer, model outputs include effective pressure N and the efficient hydraulic area. Defining frictional heat flux and basal traction as functions of N allow the modelling of seasonal dynamic response to randomly draining supraglacial lakes. Key results are that frictional heat flux, as a function of N, caps potential runaway feedback mechanisms and that water converges in topographic troughs under Greenland's outlet glaciers. This leads to a background profile with low N under outlet glaciers. Therefore, outlet glaciers show a muted dynamic speedup to the seasonal surface signal reaching the bed. Land-terminating ice does not tend to have subglacial troughs and so has higher background N and consequently a larger seasonal response. This, coupled with effects of ice rheology, can explain the hitherto puzzling lack of observed seasonal velocity change on Jakobshavn Isbræ and other outlet glaciers.
Author : W. Tad Pfeffer
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889456196
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Melt Water Retention Processes in Snow and Firn on Ice Sheets and Glaciers: Observations and Modeling written by W. Tad Pfeffer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melt takes place where the surface of glaciers or ice sheets interacts with the atmosphere. While the processes governing surface melt are fairly well understood, the pathways of the meltwater, from its origin to the moment it leaves a glacier system, remain enigmatic. It is not even guaranteed that meltwater leaves a glacier or ice sheet. On Greenland, for example, only slightly more than 50% of the meltwater runs off. The remainder mostly refreezes within the so-called firn cover of the ice sheet. This eBook contains 11 studies which tackle the challenge of understanding meltwater retention in snow and firn from various angles. The studies focus both on mountain glaciers and on the Greenland ice sheet and address challenges such as measuring firn properties, quantifying their influence on meltwater retention, modelling firn processes and meltwater refreezing as well as unravelling the mechanisms within the recently discovered Greenland firn aquifers.
Author : Neil Stuart Arnold
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (596 download)
Download or read book Modelling the Influence of Glacier Hydrology on the Dynamics of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet written by Neil Stuart Arnold and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Henri Bader
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Greenland Ice Sheet written by Henri Bader and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mean elevation of the bed of the ice sheet is 620 m (2060 ft), and almost 1/3 of its area lies below sea level. The mean thickness of the ice sheet (equal to the difference between the mean elevations of surface and bed) is 1515 m (4970 ft). The ice volume is 2,600,000 cu km = 620,000 cu mi. The water equivalent is 2,350,000 cu km (560,000 cu mi). If distributed over the world's oceans, it would raise the sea level by 6.5 m (21 ft). The maximum thickness of the ice sheet is about 3000 m (10,000 ft). (Author)
Author : Andrew Fowler
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030425843
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Glaciers and Ice Sheets in the Climate System written by Andrew Fowler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our realisation of how profoundly glaciers and ice sheets respond to climate change and impact sea level and the environment has propelled their study to the forefront of Earth system science. Aspects of this multidisciplinary endeavour now constitute major areas of research. This book is named after the international summer school held annually in the beautiful alpine village of Karthaus, Northern Italy, and consists of twenty chapters based on lectures from the school. They cover theory, methods, and observations, and introduce readers to essential glaciological topics such as ice-flow dynamics, polar meteorology, mass balance, ice-core analysis, paleoclimatology, remote sensing and geophysical methods, glacial isostatic adjustment, modern and past glacial fluctuations, and ice sheet reconstruction. The chapters were written by thirty-four contributing authors who are leading international authorities in their fields. The book can be used as a graduate-level textbook for a university course, and as a valuable reference guide for practising glaciologists and climate scientists.
