Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Grazing Incidence Small Angle X Ray Scattering In Polymer Thin Films Utilizing Low Energy X Rays
Download Grazing Incidence Small Angle X Ray Scattering In Polymer Thin Films Utilizing Low Energy X Rays full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Grazing Incidence Small Angle X Ray Scattering In Polymer Thin Films Utilizing Low Energy X Rays ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Grazing-Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering in Polymer Thin Films Utilizing Low-Energy X-Rays by : Katsuhiro Yamamoto
Download or read book Grazing-Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering in Polymer Thin Films Utilizing Low-Energy X-Rays written by Katsuhiro Yamamoto and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intricate nanoscopic morphology of soft materials such as block copolymer and polymer blend system successfully analyzed by small angle X-ray scatterings (SAXS). In thin films, those soft material systems have attracted great attention because of a potential for practical use of functional materials. The morphology has been revealed by grazing-incidence (GI) methods. Recently, advanced grazing-incidence technique for analysis for surface-, volume-, and material-sensitive method (high time, spatial, and/or material resolution) has been reported. Using low X-ray photon energy, tender X-ray (1-4 eV) and soft X-ray near K-edge carbon, allows probing a complex nanomorphology with those sensitivity. In this chapter, recent GI-SAXS with tender X-ray and resonant soft X-ray (GI-RSoX) will be picked up to open for discussion on new possibility of structural analyses.
Book Synopsis High-Resolution X-Ray Scattering by : Ullrich Pietsch
Download or read book High-Resolution X-Ray Scattering written by Ullrich Pietsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 20 years interest in high-resolution x-ray diffractometry and reflectivity has grown as a result of the development of the semiconductor industry and the increasing interest in material research of thin layers of magnetic, organic, and other materials. For example, optoelectronics requires a subsequent epitaxy of thin layers of different semiconductor materials. Here, the individuallayer thicknesses are scaled down to a few atomic layers in order to exploit quantum effects. For reasons of electronic and optical confinement, these thin layers are embedded within much thicker cladding layers or stacks of multilayers of slightly different chemical composition. It is evident that the interface quality of those quantum weHs is quite important for the function of devices. Thin metallic layers often show magnetic properties which do not ap pear for thick layers or in bulk material. The investigation of the mutual interaction of magnetic and non-magnetic layers leads to the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance, for example. This property is strongly related to the thickness and interface roughness of covered layers.
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering Studies of Thin Polymer Films by : Bradford J. Factor
Download or read book Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering Studies of Thin Polymer Films written by Bradford J. Factor and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering as a Tool for In- Situ Time-Resolved Studies by : Gonzalo Santoro
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering as a Tool for In- Situ Time-Resolved Studies written by Gonzalo Santoro and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of third-generation synchrotron sources and the development of fast two-dimensional X-ray detectors, X-ray scattering has become an invaluable tool for in-situ time-resolved experiments. In the case of thin films, grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) constitutes a powerful technique to extract morphological information not only of the thin film surface but also of buried structures with statistical relevance. Thus, recently in-situ GISAXS experiments with subsecond time resolution have enabled investigating the self-assembly processes during vacuum deposition of metallic and organic thin films as well as the structural changes of polymer and colloidal thin films in the course of wet deposition. Moreover, processing of thin films has also been investigated in-situ employing GISAXS. In this chapter, we review the current trends of time-resolved GISAXS studies. After an introduction to the GISAXS technique, we present exemplary results of metallic and organic thin film preparation, wet deposition of polymer thin films and self-assembly of colloidal thin films, as well as examples of thin film modification in, e.g., microfluidic channels and within working devices. Finally, an overview of the future perspectives in the field is provided.
Book Synopsis X-ray Scattering by : Alicia Esther Ares
Download or read book X-ray Scattering written by Alicia Esther Ares and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-01-25 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray scattering techniques are a family of nondestructive analytical techniques. Using these techniques, scientists obtain information about the crystal structure and chemical and physical properties of materials. Nowadays, different techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength. This book is intended to give overviews of the relevant X-ray scattering techniques, particularly about inelastic X-ray scattering, elastic scattering, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and, finally, applications of X-ray spectroscopy to study different biological systems.
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering by : Joanne Rachel Levine
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering written by Joanne Rachel Levine and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Basic X-ray Scattering for Soft Matter by : Wilhelmus Hendrikus Jeu
Download or read book Basic X-ray Scattering for Soft Matter written by Wilhelmus Hendrikus Jeu and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray scattering is a well-established technique in materials science. The aim of this text is to explain basic principles and applications of x-ray scattering in a simple way using many practical examples followed by more elaborate case studies. It contains a separate chapter on the different types of order/disorder in soft matter that play such an important role in modern self-assembling systems. Finally the last chapter treats soft matter surfaces and thin film that are increasingly used in coatings and in many technological applications, such as liquid crystal displays and nanostructured block copolymer films
Book Synopsis Thin Film Analysis by X-Ray Scattering by : Mario Birkholz
Download or read book Thin Film Analysis by X-Ray Scattering written by Mario Birkholz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by Paul F. Fewster and Christoph Genzel While X-ray diffraction investigation of powders and polycrystalline matter was at the forefront of materials science in the 1960s and 70s, high-tech applications at the beginning of the 21st century are driven by the materials science of thin films. Very much an interdisciplinary field, chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, physicists and engineers all have a common interest in thin films and their manifold uses and applications. Grain size, porosity, density, preferred orientation and other properties are important to know: whether thin films fulfill their intended function depends crucially on their structure and morphology once a chemical composition has been chosen. Although their backgrounds differ greatly, all the involved specialists a profound understanding of how structural properties may be determined in order to perform their respective tasks in search of new and modern materials, coatings and functions. The author undertakes this in-depth introduction to the field of thin film X-ray characterization in a clear and precise manner.
Book Synopsis Grazing-incidence Small-angle X-ray Scattering by :
Download or read book Grazing-incidence Small-angle X-ray Scattering written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scattering of X-rays by Metals at Very Small Angles by : B. M. Rovinsky
Download or read book Scattering of X-rays by Metals at Very Small Angles written by B. M. Rovinsky and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modern Aspects of Small-Angle Scattering by : H. Brumberger
Download or read book Modern Aspects of Small-Angle Scattering written by H. Brumberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Como, Italy, May 12--22, 1993
Book Synopsis Radiation Damage in Polymer Films from Grazing-incidence X-ray Scattering Measurements by :
Download or read book Radiation Damage in Polymer Films from Grazing-incidence X-ray Scattering Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) is widely used to analyze the crystallinity and nanoscale structure in thin polymer films. However, ionizing radiation will generate free radicals that initiate cross-linking and/or chain scission, and structural damage will impact the ordering kinetics, thermodynamics, and crystallinity in many polymers. We report a simple methodology to screen for beam damage that is based on lithographic principles: films are exposed to patterns of x-ray radiation, and changes in polymer structure are revealed by immersing the film in a solvent that dissolves the shortest chains. The experiments are implemented with high throughput using the standard beam line instrumentation and a typical GIXS configuration. The extent of damage (at a fixed radiation dose) depends on a range of intrinsic material properties and experimental variables, including the polymer chemistry and molecular weight, exposure environment, film thickness, and angle of incidence. The solubility switch for common polymers is detected within 10-60 sec at ambient temperature, and we verified that this first indication of damage corresponds with the onset of network formation in glassy polystyrene and a loss of crystallinity in polyalkylthiophenes. Therefore, grazing-incidence x-ray patterning offers an efficient approach to determine the appropriate data acquisition times for any GIXS experiment.
Book Synopsis Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films by : Toshiji Kanaya
Download or read book Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films written by Toshiji Kanaya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobility Gradient of Polystyrene in Films Supported on Solid Substrates, by Yoshihisa Fujii, Hiroshi Morita, Atsushi Takahara and Keiji Tanaka Probing Properties of Polymers in Thin Films Via Dewetting, by Günter Reiter Heterogeneous and Aging Dynamics in Single and Stacked Thin Polymer Films, by Koji Fukao, Takehide Terasawa, Kenji Nakamura, Daisuke Tahara Heterogeneous Dynamics of Polymer Thin Films as Studied by Neutron Scattering, by Rintaro Inoue and Toshiji Kanaya
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering from Magnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures by : David Samuel Eastwood
Download or read book Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering from Magnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures written by David Samuel Eastwood and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing incidence scattering of synchrotron x-rays has been used to characterize the structure of magnetic thin films and periodic nanostructures. The combined metal and metal oxide films have been chosen to clarify the effects of growth processing techniques in technologically important magnetic and magnetoresistive thin film materials, and have particular relevance to the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) class of magnetic sensor. Co/Al2O3 thin films and Co/MgO multilayer thin films have been characterized using x-ray reflectivity and diffuse scatter analysis to explain how preparatory oxidation of the lower ferromagnet in an MTJ can reduce N?el interlayer coupling and improve the consistency of magnetoresistance. Measurements reveal differing effects for Al2O3 and MgO tunnel barrier materials. In Co/Al2O3 systems, preoxidation is found to reduce significantly chemical interdiffusion at the interface between the two layers, implying a more uniform oxidation of the barrier layer. In Co/MgO multilayers, an increased in-plane correlation length of the inherited interface roughness is seen after preoxidation. This implies that preoxidation suppresses the short wavelength undulations on both sides of the tunnel barrier that cause N?el coupling. Grazing incidence in-plane diffraction measurements on epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe [001] and Fe/Au/MgO/Fe [001] films during annealing to 600 K have shown that, in both cases, the MgO lattice is initially strained towards being commensurate with the iron and gold layers, but relaxes after annealing towards a typical bulk MgO lattice. The iron and gold layers display linear thermal expansion at rates consistent with the bulk material. These in-plane lattice measurements demonstrate how the strain and strain dispersion in an epitaxial MgO barrier layer can be relieved under controlled annealing conditions. Finally, patterned thin film surfaces with submicron periodic symmetries have been studied by grazing incidence x-ray scattering. A novel semi-kinematical theory has been developed into a numerical algorithm capable of simulating the scatter from a wide range of arbitrary and disordered nanoscale arrays. This has allowed key structural parameters including array periodicity, symmetry and array coherence lengths to be extracted from experimental data.
Book Synopsis X-Ray Scattering from Soft-Matter Thin Films by : Metin Tolan
Download or read book X-Ray Scattering from Soft-Matter Thin Films written by Metin Tolan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of soft-matter thin films (e.g. liquid films, polymer coatings, Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers) nowadays play an important role in materials science. They are also very exciting with respect to fundamental questions: In thin films, liquids and polymers may be considered as trapped in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry. This confined geometry is expected to alter the properties and structures of these materials considerably. This volume is dedicated to the scattering of x-rays by soft-matter interfaces. X-ray scattering under grazing angles is the only tool to investigating these materials on atomic and mesoscopic length scales. A review of the field is presented with many examples.
Book Synopsis Small-Angle Scattering (Neutrons, X-Rays, Light) from Complex Systems by : Eugen Mircea Anitas
Download or read book Small-Angle Scattering (Neutrons, X-Rays, Light) from Complex Systems written by Eugen Mircea Anitas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the basic physical phenomenon of small-angle scattering (SAS) of neutrons, x-rays or light from complex hierarchical nano- and micro-structures. The emphasis is on developing theoretical models for the material structure containing self-similar or fractal clusters. Within the suggested framework, key approaches for extracting structural information from experimental scattering data are investigated and presented in detail. The range of parameters which can be obtained pave the road towards a better understanding of the correlations between geometrical and various physical properties (electrical, magnetic, mechanical, optical, dynamical, transport etc.) in fractal nano- and micro-materials.
Book Synopsis Anomalous X-Ray Scattering for Materials Characterization by : Yoshio Waseda
Download or read book Anomalous X-Ray Scattering for Materials Characterization written by Yoshio Waseda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of multi layered thin films with sufficient reliability is a key technology for device fabrication in micro electronics. In the Co/Cu type multi layers, for example, magnetoresistance has been found as large as 80 % at 4. 2 K and 50 % at room temperature. In addition to such gigantic mag netoresistance, these multi layers indicate anti ferromagnetic and ferromag netic oscillation behavior with an increase in the thickness of the layers of the non magnetic component. These interesting properties of the new synthetic flmctional materials are attributed to their periodic and interracial structures at a microscopic level, although the origin of such peculiar features is not fully understood. Information on the surface structure or the number density of atoms in the near surface region may provide better insight. Amorphous alloys, frequently referred to as metallic glasses, are produced by rapid quenching from the melt. The second generation amorphous alloys, called "bulk amorphous alloys", have been discovered in some Pd based and Zr based alloy systems, with a super cooled liquid region at more than 120 K. In these alloy systems, one can obtain a sample thickness of several centime ters. Growing scientific and technological curiosity about the new amorphous alloys has focused on the fundamental factors, such as the atomic scale struc ture, which are responsible for the thermal stability with certain chemical compositions.
