Grainyhead Like Protein 2 Regulates The Transcriptional Activity Of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Phosphorylated At Serine 118 In Breast Cancer

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Grainyhead-like Protein 2 Regulates the Transcriptional Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Phosphorylated at Serine 118 in Breast Cancer

Author : Rebecca M. Reese
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Grainyhead-like Protein 2 Regulates the Transcriptional Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Phosphorylated at Serine 118 in Breast Cancer by : Rebecca M. Reese

Download or read book Grainyhead-like Protein 2 Regulates the Transcriptional Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Phosphorylated at Serine 118 in Breast Cancer written by Rebecca M. Reese and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Grainyhead-like protein family, composed of GRHL1, GRHL2, and GRHL3, are nuclear transcription factors that regulate epithelial differentiation. GRHL2 is characterized as having oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles across many cancers. GRHL2 is also associated with several nuclear hormone receptors, including progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR), and more recently, estrogen receptor (ER). ER is expressed in over 70% of breast cancers and is a major therapeutic target. GRHL2 is more highly expressed in ER-positive over ER-negative breast cancers, and studies suggest that GRHL2 modulates ER recruitment to chromatin. GRHL2 is hypothesized to enhance ER-transcriptional activity by recruiting histone modifiers like MLL3 to enhancers, but it can also repress ER-transcriptional activity by suppressing the catalytic activity of the histone acetyltransferase p300. Our group found a specific association of the GRHL2 motif with ER phosphorylated at serine 118 (pS118-ER), a post-translational modification activated by estrogen (E2) that is required for maximal ER-transcriptional activity. As a whole, the mechanisms by which GRHL2 regulates ER-transcriptional activity and, more specifically, pS118-ER transcriptional activity are not well understood. In the work presented here, I take cistromic and transcriptomic approaches to explore the role of GRHL2 in facilitating pS118-ER recruitment to chromatin and downstream transcriptional activity. I find that GRHL2 is critical for maximal pS118-ER chromatin-recruitment, GRHL2 can both enhance and antagonize E2-mediated pS118-ER transcriptional activity, and ER/GRHL2 co-regulated genes are involved in cellular migration. The dual roles of GRHL2 in pS118-ER transcriptional regulation may be due to the pioneering activities of GRHL2 which allow the factor to promote an open chromatin structure and subsequently recruit or modulate coregulators present at a given locus. I also explore the function of a portion of the poorly defined GRHL2 transactivation domain and find a 52 amino acid portion of the domain is important for GRHL2 transactivation activity. These studies further our understanding of the function of GRHL2 in regulating pS118-ER transcriptional activity in breast cancer and provide a basis for future studies to expand our knowledge of the interaction between these two transcription factors.

Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Mediated Gene Expression and Endocrine Resistance Through Estrogen Receptor-alpha Phosphorylation and Micro-RNA in Breast Cancer

Download Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Mediated Gene Expression and Endocrine Resistance Through Estrogen Receptor-alpha Phosphorylation and Micro-RNA in Breast Cancer PDF Online Free

Author : Kyuri Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (774 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Mediated Gene Expression and Endocrine Resistance Through Estrogen Receptor-alpha Phosphorylation and Micro-RNA in Breast Cancer by : Kyuri Kim

Download or read book Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Mediated Gene Expression and Endocrine Resistance Through Estrogen Receptor-alpha Phosphorylation and Micro-RNA in Breast Cancer written by Kyuri Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estrogens are associated with the development and progression of breast cancer in addition to their role in normal reproductive physiology, and estrogen receptors (ER) mediate the actions of estrogen in target tissues by regulating the expression of numerous biologically important target genes. The progression of human breast cancer and the development of resistance to endocrine therapies are thought to be associated with ER phosphorylation. We generated multiple combinations of ER phospho-mutants, at residues serine 104, 106, 118, 167, 236, and 305, and examined their impact on receptor half-life, the agonist and antagonist balance of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), the regulation of ER transcriptional activity, and stimulation of cell proliferation in response to estradiol and SERMs/SERD. We showed that changes in ER affecting the phosphorylation status of the receptor greatly impact receptor function and differential SERM and SERD modulated cellular responses that could contribute to resistance to endocrine therapies in breast cancer. We also studied the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) by estradiol and growth factors through ER and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) in order to understand their physiological impact on breast cancer. We identified nine miRNA- encoding genes harboring overlapping ER and ERK2 binding sites close to their transcription start sites, which require ER and ERK2 for transcriptional induction as well as estradiol- mediated miRNA regulation. We then identified TP63, a target of miR-101, miR-190 and miR- 196a2, and showed that TP63 plays an important role in estradiol- or growth factor-mediated cellular response in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by increasing tumor cell growth and in vitro invasion mainly controlled by miR-196a2 action. These results suggest a tumor-suppressive role of miR-196a2 in regulating TP63 expression and the aggressive behavior of breast cancers.

Phosphorylation-dependent Prolyl Cis/trans Isomerase Pin1 Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Functions in Breast Cancer

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Phosphorylation-dependent Prolyl Cis/trans Isomerase Pin1 Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Functions in Breast Cancer by :

Download or read book Phosphorylation-dependent Prolyl Cis/trans Isomerase Pin1 Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha Functions in Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER[alpha]) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. It is known to regulate carcinogenic gene expression programs that are involved in the development and progression of breast cancer. The transcriptional function of ER[alpha] is mediated by a C-terminal AF2 and an N-terminal AF1 activation domains. Ligand-dependent AF2 activity is well-characterized and serves as a basis for hormonal therapy for breast cancer. In contrast, structural and functional mechanisms governing AF1 functions remain poorly understood. AF1 activity of ER[alpha] is regulated by phosphorylation stemming from hormone, peptide growth factors, and second messenger pathways. Paradoxically, phosphorylation results in contrasting responses (differentiation and growth, protein stability and degradation, agonist and antagonist activities). How phosphorylation translates into diverse outcome is not clearly understood. The work presented in this thesis has uncovered a post-translation modification beyond phosphorylation that regulates the function and fate of ER[alpha]. I found that phosphorylation-dependent prolyl cis/trans isomerase, Pin1, causes structural changes at the AF1 region of ER[alpha]. These local changes allosterically regulate DNA binding and dimerization activities, enhancing overall ER[alpha] transcriptional function. Pin1 also stabilizes ER[alpha] protein by blocking its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Further studies in understanding the role of Pin1 in breast cancer led us to uncover the importance of Pin1 in proliferation of ER[alpha]-positive breast cancer cells and mammary tumors in rodent models. Pin1 overexpression was sufficient to overcome the antagonistic effects of tamoxifen and also contributed to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. Finally, the clinical relevance of Pin1 activity was confirmed by our findings in human breast tumors, where Pin1 levels were correlated with ER[alpha] protein levels, and ER[alpha]-positive tumor patients with high Pin1 levels had poor overall survival. Overall, the findings in this thesis have identified a new regulatory mechanism governing ER[alpha] AF1 function in breast cancer and discovered Pin1 as an important component modulating ER[alpha] protein levels and transactivation functions.

Targeting Aurora A Kinase (AURKA) and P21-activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) in Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer

Author : Yayi Feng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (974 download)

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Book Synopsis Targeting Aurora A Kinase (AURKA) and P21-activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) in Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer by : Yayi Feng

Download or read book Targeting Aurora A Kinase (AURKA) and P21-activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) in Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer written by Yayi Feng and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estrogen receptor [alpha] (ER[alpha]) is a hormone-dependent nuclear and cytoplasmic receptor that regulates many physiological processes, such as reproduction, bone integrity, cardiovascular health, cognition, and behavior. Activation of the ER-[alpha] pathway plays a crucial role in the development and progression of breast cancer, with 70-80% of breast tumors being positive for hormonal receptors and driven by ER-[alpha] signaling. Drugs targeting estrogen receptor, such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant, are used in the clinic to treat ER-[alpha] positive metastatic breast cancer. However, resistance to these therapies ultimately develops and represents a very significant clinical problem. One of the mechanisms of endocrine resistance is ligand-independent activation of ER-[alpha] by intracellular protein kinases. Mitotic kinase Aurora A kinase (AURKA) activates ER-[alpha] through phosphorylation at serine 167 and serine 305. P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a kinase known as a key regulator of MAPK pathway and cytoskeleton remodeling, also modulates ER-[alpha] activation through phosphorylating serine 118 and serine 305. Phosphorylation at these serine residues has been correlated with the increased ER-[alpha] signaling and clinical outcomes. Herein, we show that pharmacological inhibition of AURKA and PAK1 synergistically decreases cell survival of both tamoxifen-resistant and tamoxifen-sensitive breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Further, in vivo study demonstrates that dual inhibition of AURKA and PAK1 limits growth of breast tumors and leads to increased apoptosis, especially in tamoxifen-resistant xenograft tumors. In vitro experiments show differentiated signaling patterns in tamoxifen-resistant and tamoxifen-sensitive breast cancer upon combination treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that targeting AURKA and PAK1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, especially in the settings of endocrine resistance.

Molecular and Biochemical Studies of Several Novel Estrogen Receptor Alpha-interacting Proteins in Breast Cancer Cells

Author : Ahmed Edan Dhamad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular and Biochemical Studies of Several Novel Estrogen Receptor Alpha-interacting Proteins in Breast Cancer Cells by : Ahmed Edan Dhamad

Download or read book Molecular and Biochemical Studies of Several Novel Estrogen Receptor Alpha-interacting Proteins in Breast Cancer Cells written by Ahmed Edan Dhamad and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women, and approximately 70% of incidences are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. ERÜ and its interacting proteins play a key role in the development and progression of breast cancer. However, how ERÜ regulates its target gene expression and hence cell proliferation is not fully understood. To enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which ERÜ regulates gene expression, we used a quantitative proteomic method to identify cellular proteins that interact with ERÜ. The first group of proteins that were identified to associate with ERÜ are heat shock proteins (Hsps). We identified 21 Hsps and 3 Hsp cochaperones that were associated with ERÜ. Co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that Hsp70-1 and Hsc70, the two most abundant ERÜ-associated proteins, interacted with ERÜ in both transcriptionally active and inactive chromatin of MCF7 cells. A novel of protein that was identified to interact with ERÜ is histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1). We showed that HAT1 physically binds ERÜ through the E domain of ERÜ, and silencing HAT1 by shRNA significantly increased the ERÜ-mediated transcription in MCF7 cells. Importantly, our data suggest that HAT1 regulates ERÜ transcriptional activity through affecting the interactions of ERÜ with histone proteins around the promoter region of ERÜ target genes in breast cancer cells. We also identified and confirmed that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a new ERÜ interacting partner, and PRMT5 interacts with ERÜ preferentially in the cytoplasm of MCF7 cells. Functionally, we found that overexpression of PRMT5 in MCF7 cells significantly decreased ERÜ transcriptional activity. Finally, we demonstrated that chromatin target of PRMT1 (CHTOP) directly binds to ERÜ through the E domain of ERÜ. We found that knockout of CHTOP by CRISPR-Cas9 significantly decreased ERÜ transcriptional activity, and the effect is potentially through decreasing protein levels of MEP50, an ERÜ coactivator. In summary, we identified and characterized several novel ERÜ-interacting proteins that play significant roles in regulating ERÜ transcriptional activities. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which ERÜ controls its target gene expression and regulates cell proliferation in ERÜ-positive cells.

Dissecting the Role of Estrogen Receptor Palmitoylation in Breast Cancer Cells

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Dissecting the Role of Estrogen Receptor Palmitoylation in Breast Cancer Cells by :

Download or read book Dissecting the Role of Estrogen Receptor Palmitoylation in Breast Cancer Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estrogen signaling is primarily mediated by two estrogen receptors (ERs), ER[alpha] and ER[beta]. ER[alpha] is expressed in ~70% of breast cancers and is an important diagnostic and therapeutic target. Developing better treatment options and overcoming limitations of endocrine therapy depend on a detailed understanding of ER[alpha]-signaling pathways. ER[alpha], a member of the class I nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, localizes mainly to the nucleus and interacts with DNA regulatory sequences either directly or through interaction with other transcription factors to regulate gene transcription. ER[alpha] is also rapidly activates signaling cascades. S-palmitoylation, a reversible lipid modification is catalyzed by palmitoyl acyl-transferases (PAT), which increase affinity of proteins to the membrane. Based on the results of previous studies, it is hypothesized that palmitoylation of ER[alpha] regulates extranuclear and nuclear signaling of ER[alpha]. We utilized palmitoylation-defective mutant ER[alpha]C447A-expressing MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells to dissect the role of palmitoylation in a breast cancer cell line model. The substitution of ER[alpha] palmitoylation site abrogated ER[alpha] palmitoylation, membrane localization and estrogen-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in MDA-MB-468 cell line. Besides loss of E2-dependent extranuclear signaling, the substitution of palmitoylation sites led to the loss of other ER[alpha]-dependent events in ER[alpha]C447A-expressing MDA-MB-468 cells, such as decreased E2-dependent S118 phosphorylation, impaired regulation of certain target genes, and loss of estrogen-dependent cell cycle inhibition. This study thus highlights the importance of ER[alpha] palmitoylation in both nuclear and extranuclear ER signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. A better understanding of the mechanisms of estrogen action will help us to design more effective drugs affecting signal pathways depending on both membrane and nuclear receptors.

The Role of Estrogen Related Receptor in Modulating Estrogen Receptor Mediated Transcription in Breast Cancer Cells

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Estrogen Related Receptor in Modulating Estrogen Receptor Mediated Transcription in Breast Cancer Cells by :

Download or read book The Role of Estrogen Related Receptor in Modulating Estrogen Receptor Mediated Transcription in Breast Cancer Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike most nuclear receptors, the Estrogen Receptor-Related Receptors (ERRs) activate transcription constitutively, interacting with coactivators and target gene promoters in the absence of ligand. Structurally, this subfamily of receptors is related to the classical estrogen receptors and has been shown to positively regulate the transcription of several estrogen responsive genes. Interestingly, the transcriptional activity of ERRalpha is not inhibited by classical anti-estrogens suggesting that its ability to regulate ER- responsive genes may contribute to the development of tamoxifen resistant breast cancer. Without pharmacological agents to regulate ERRalpha activity it has been difficult to define the specific roles of this orphan receptor in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and thus its potential as a therapeutic target is unknown. To address this issue we have developed approaches to both positively and negatively regulate ERRalpha activity in target cells. Specifically, we have developed peptide antagonists to inhibit ERRalpha activity by blocking cofactor binding and have developed activating "protein ligands" by creating modified coactivators that selectively regulate ERRalpha transcriptional activity. With these tools, we have characterized the critical regions of the receptor important for coactivator binding and defined differential binding requirements between coactivator families. In addition, we are identifying the target genes and processes regulated by ERRalpha.

The Tumour Microenvironment

Author : Jamie A. Goode
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471499596
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tumour Microenvironment by : Jamie A. Goode

Download or read book The Tumour Microenvironment written by Jamie A. Goode and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2001-11-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ergebnisse von in vitro-Studien lassen vermuten, dass sich der pH-Wert in einem Tumor auf die Wirksamkeit von Chemo- oder Strahlentherapien auswirken kann. Wie aber sieht die Beziehung zwischen der Tumorentwicklung und dem pH-Wert aus? Können ein niedriger pH-Wert oder ein Sauerstoffmangel die Carcinogenese hemmen? Wo bieten sich therapeutische Ansätze? Anwort auf diese und andere Fragen finden Sie in diesem Band. In interdisziplinärer Weise wurden Beiträge aus der Grundlagenforschung und der klinischen Praxis zusammengetragen.

Steroid Hormone Action

Author : Malcolm G. Parker
Publisher : IRL Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Steroid Hormone Action by : Malcolm G. Parker

Download or read book Steroid Hormone Action written by Malcolm G. Parker and published by IRL Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms by which steroid hormones regulate gene activity in target cells. It should be of interest to molecular biologists, endocrinologists, pharmacologists and clinicians interested in gene regulation hormones and steroid antagonists.

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Structure, Functions and Role in Human Disease

Author : Deric L. Wheeler
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493920537
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Structure, Functions and Role in Human Disease by : Deric L. Wheeler

Download or read book Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Structure, Functions and Role in Human Disease written by Deric L. Wheeler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Structure, Functions and Role in Human Disease, for the first time, systematically covers the shared structural and functional features of the RTK family. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) play critical roles in embryogenesis, normal physiology and several diseases. And over the last decade they have become the Number 1 targets of cancer drugs. To be able to conduct fundamental research or to attempt to develop pharmacological agents able to enhance or intercept them, it is essential first to understand the evolutionary origin of the 58 RTKs and their roles in invertebrates and in humans, as well as downstream signaling pathways. The assembly of chapters is written by experts and underscores commonalities between and among the RTKs. It is an ideal companion volume to The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Families and Subfamilies, which proceeds, family by family through all of the specific subfamilies of RTKs, along with their unique landmarks.

Human Skin Cancers

Author : Miroslav Blumenberg
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789230942
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Skin Cancers by : Miroslav Blumenberg

Download or read book Human Skin Cancers written by Miroslav Blumenberg and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human skin cancers, the most common type of tumors, represent a significant health burden. The deadliest is unquestionably melanoma. Half of melanomas have an activating mutation in the BRAF gene, prompting development of novel drugs, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, specifically targeting mutated BRAF. Trametinib and cobimetinib, which block MEK, a BRAF effector protein, have been used in combination with BRAF inhibitors. A promising new melanoma treatment is immunotherapy, approach that boosts patient's own immune system to attack cancer. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab inhibit PD-1, whereas Ipilimumab targets CTLA-4, another immunity check point, to boost the immune response. Here we focus on pathways, mechanisms, targets and treatments of human skin cancers, with particular emphasis on the new developments in the research on melanomas.

Extracellular Sugar-Based Biopolymers Matrices

Author : Ephraim Cohen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030129195
Total Pages : 820 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Extracellular Sugar-Based Biopolymers Matrices by : Ephraim Cohen

Download or read book Extracellular Sugar-Based Biopolymers Matrices written by Ephraim Cohen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an acellular three-dimensional network composed of proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans and exopolysaccharides. It primarily serves as a structural component in the tissues and organs of plants and animals, or forms biofilms in which bacterial cells are embedded. ECMs are highly dynamic structures that undergo continuous remodeling, and disruptions are frequently the result of pathological processes associated with severe diseases such as arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative illness or cancer. In turn, bacterial biofilms are a source of concern for human health, as they are associated with resistance to antibiotics. Although exopolysaccharides are crucial for ECM formation and function, they have received considerably little attention to date. The respective chapters of this book comprehensively address such issues, and provide reviews on the structural, biochemical, molecular and biophysical properties of exopolysaccharides. These components are abundantly produced by virtually all taxa including bacteria, algae, plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates. They include long unbranched homopolymers (cellulose, chitin/chitosan), linear copolymers (alginate, agarose), peptoglycans such as murein, heteropolymers like a variety of glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronan, dermatan, keratin, heparin, Pel), and branched heteropolymers such as pectin and hemicellulose. A separate chapter is dedicated to modern industrial and biomedical applications of exopolysaccharides and polysaccharide-based biocomposites. Their unique chemical, physical and mechanical properties have attracted considerable interest, inspired basic and applied research, and have already been harnessed to form structural biocomposite hybrids for tailor-made applications in regenerative medicine, bioengineering and biosensor design. Given its scope, this book provides a substantial source of basic and applied information for a wide range of scientists, as well as valuable textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students.

Fundamentals of Craniofacial Malformations

Author : Ulrich Meyer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303046024X
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Craniofacial Malformations by : Ulrich Meyer

Download or read book Fundamentals of Craniofacial Malformations written by Ulrich Meyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume in an interdisciplinary three-book series covering the full range of biological, clinical, and surgical aspects in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with craniofacial malformations. This volume opens by considering general topics such as developmental biology and disease classification and then examines in depth the biological basis of the various malformations, including craniosynostoses, cleft-lip and palate with complex orofacial clefts, branchio-oculo-facial syndromes, rare syndromes, soft tissue malformations, and dysgnathia. Psychological aspects, including psychological evaluation methods and therapies and quality of life issues, are then addressed. Finally, all relevant clinical, radiological, and genetic investigations are described and important diagnostic issues are explored. Featuring numerous high-quality illustrations, the book will be of high value for all clinicians, researchers, and postgraduate students who deal with these malformations. The accompanying two volumes describe treatment principles and present in an atlas manner all relevant surgical techniques in detail. The content of this multivolume set, written by the world’s leading research and clinical specialists in their discipline, represents therefore the recent intellect, experience, and state of this medical field.

Liver Immunology

Author : M. Eric Gershwin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 331902096X
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Liver Immunology by : M. Eric Gershwin

Download or read book Liver Immunology written by M. Eric Gershwin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver Immunology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition begins with important information about the epidemiology and mortality of liver disease worldwide. This information is followed by chapters related to basic immunology, application of liver immunology for diagnosis, and several excellent chapters that provide a solid foundation for understanding immune-mediated liver disease, including those associated with the biliary tree. A chapter on non-hepatic manifestations of immune mediated liver disease helps provide context for how these diseases affect the patient overall. In addition, chapters discuss various discrete immunologically-mediated infectious liver disorders including those related to bacteria, parasites, and all of the classic viruses. Chapters on the traditional autoimmune liver diseases -- primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis as well as overlap syndrome – are also included. The breadth of this comprehensive second edition is highlighted by chapters on alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and drug-induced liver disease, among others. This invaluable new edition ends with a forward-looking view of future directions and how the field might meet the challenge of refractory patients. Developed by a renowned group of authors, Liver Immunology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition will again serve as a comprehensive textbook by providing an excellent overview for this rapidly evolving field. It greatly adds to the understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, while also providing novel insights that can be harnessed into helping improve the care of patients afflicted with various immune-mediated diseases. This volume will again be a must-read for clinicians at all levels, investigators and students.

Anoikis

Author : Steven M. Frisch
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030738566
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Anoikis by : Steven M. Frisch

Download or read book Anoikis written by Steven M. Frisch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anoikis is defined broadly as apoptosis that is inhibited by appropriate cell-matrix interactions. Normal and tumor cells vary widely in their sensitivity to anoikis, but, in general, metastatic tumor cells are inevitably anoikis-resistant. In particular, tumor cells that possess a cancer stem cell or mesenchymal phenotype, arising from the oncogenic Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), are transcriptionally re-programmed to resist anoikis. While the anoikis response occurs through the mitochondrial pathway typically found in other apoptotic responses (e.g., DNA damage, death receptors, oxidative stress), the regulation of anoikis by cell-matrix signalling is unique and only partially characterized. The uniqueness of anoikis is: a. regulation by integrins, non-integrin matrix receptors, and the signaling complexes associated with them; b. regulation by metabolic changes occurring in response to attachment/detachment; c. regulation by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes d. regulation by tumor microenvironment; e. regulation by EMT.

Handbook of Cell Signaling

Author : Ralph A. Bradshaw
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080920918
Total Pages : 3188 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Cell Signaling by : Ralph A. Bradshaw

Download or read book Handbook of Cell Signaling written by Ralph A. Bradshaw and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-03 with total page 3188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Cell Signaling, Three-Volume Set, 2e, is a comprehensive work covering all aspects of intracellular signal processing, including extra/intracellular membrane receptors, signal transduction, gene expression/translation, and cellular/organotypic signal responses. The second edition is an up-to-date, expanded reference with each section edited by a recognized expert in the field. Tabular and well illustrated, the Handbook will serve as an in-depth reference for this complex and evolving field. Handbook of Cell Signaling, 2/e will appeal to a broad, cross-disciplinary audience interested in the structure, biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of cellular effectors. - Contains over 350 chapters of comprehensive coverage on cell signaling - Includes discussion on topics from ligand/receptor interactions to organ/organism responses - Provides user-friendly, well-illustrated, reputable content by experts in the field

Epigenetics and Metabolomics

Author : Paban K. Agrawala
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323856535
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Epigenetics and Metabolomics by : Paban K. Agrawala

Download or read book Epigenetics and Metabolomics written by Paban K. Agrawala and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Metabolomics, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic control of metabolic activity, and systems-based approaches for better understanding these mechanisms. Over a dozen chapter authors provide an overview of epigenetics in translational medicine and metabolomics techniques, followed by analyses of epigenetic and metabolomic linkage mechanisms likely to result in effective identification of disease biomarkers, as well as new therapies targeting the removal of the inappropriate epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic interventions in cancer, brain damage, and neuroendocrine disease, among other disorders, are discussed in-depth, with an emphasis on exploring next steps for clinical translation and personalized healthcare. - Offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic regulation of metabolic activity and systems-based approaches to power new research - Discusses epigenetic control of metabolic pathways and possible therapeutic targets for cancer, neurodegenerative, and neuroendocrine diseases, among others - Provides guidance in epigenomics and metabolomic research methodology