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Global Polio Eradication Initiative Annual Report 2022
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Book Synopsis Global Polio Eradication Initiative: annual report 2022 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Global Polio Eradication Initiative: annual report 2022 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-03-10 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Polio Eradication Initiative: annual report 2021 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Global Polio Eradication Initiative: annual report 2021 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Polio Eradication Initiative investment case 2022-2026 by :
Download or read book Global Polio Eradication Initiative investment case 2022-2026 written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Polio Eradication Initiative annual report 2019 and semi-annual status updates, January - June and July - December 2019 by :
Download or read book Global Polio Eradication Initiative annual report 2019 and semi-annual status updates, January - June and July - December 2019 written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026 by :
Download or read book Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026 written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026 supersedes the Polio Strategy 2019-2023, taking into account new tools and approaches, including the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 and need to more concertedly address vaccine-derived polioviruses, as well as new operations tactics in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It is intended to layout the roadmap to achieving and sustaining a polio-free world, free of all forms of poliovirus. It is intended to be a strategic resource and guidance document for GPEI stakeholders, partners, donors and affected country governments.
Author :Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :49 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (824 download)
Book Synopsis Polio's Last Stand? by : Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Download or read book Polio's Last Stand? written by Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.) When the Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) issued its first report early in April 2011: 99% of polio had been eradicated a decade previously but 1% had remained since then; Four countries had 'endemic' disease: India, Pakistan, Nigeria and Afghanistan; Three countries that had previously been free of disease had 're-established transmission' for more than six months: Angola, Chad and the Democratic Republic of Congo; There had been 14 outbreaks in other countries since the start of 2010. 2.) In its series of meetings and reports, the IMB has challenged affected countries and those leading the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (we use the term 'the Programme' for the sum total of these people and activities) to look critically at performance and improve it. The IMB has pushed the Programme to broaden its thinking and approach to embrace more strongly the 'people factors' that are critical to this endeavour. Traditionally, the Programme's strengths have lain with technical and epidemiological disease control interventions and activities. 3.) The IMB has been pleased that the Programme has responded positively to our guidance. We have seen its leadership reflect, learn, change its emphasis, and increase its urgency. 4.) As we issue this, our sixth report: All but 0.1% of polio has been eradicated globally: there were 350,000 cases in 1988; there have been just 175 so far in 2012; Polio is more tightly confined than ever before - affecting just 94 districts in four countries so far this year; The Programme is enjoying an unprecedented level of priority and commitment, much of it stemming from the World Health Assembly's declaration of polio eradication as an emergency for global public health. 5.) The IMB was established to monitor the Programme's 2010-12 Strategic Plan. This aimed to stop global polio transmission by the end of 2012. The Programme will now clearly not achieve this goal. 6.) Despite it missing yet another deadline, the IMB judges the Programme's prospects to be more positive than ever. If this level of progress had been achieved at the start, not the end, of the 2010-12 period, transmission could have been stopped by now.
Book Synopsis GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE INVESTMENT CASE 2022-2026: INVESTING IN THE PROMISE OF A POLIO-FREE WORLD. by : world health organization
Download or read book GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE INVESTMENT CASE 2022-2026: INVESTING IN THE PROMISE OF A POLIO-FREE WORLD. written by world health organization and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE: Annual Report 2017 by : world health organization
Download or read book GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE: Annual Report 2017 written by world health organization and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Polio Eradication Initiative by : World Health Organization. Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Download or read book Global Polio Eradication Initiative written by World Health Organization. Global Polio Eradication Initiative and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the creation in 1988 of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), the incidence of polio has been cut by 99%. Between 2003 and 2006, polio eradication faced several serious challenges: four countries continued to have transmission of wild poliovirus; international spread from two of these countries resulted in the re-infection of previously polio-free areas; and both these developments generated questions about the feasibility of polio eradication. The year 2007 marked a turning point for the GPEI. Aided by the development of new-generation tools and tactics, an intensified polio eradication effort was launched, sequentially targeting type 1 polio-virus (the most paralytic), then type 3. By the end of the year, type 1 polio was reduced by 81% over 2006, the sharpest ever drop in a single year. The intensified eradication effort was the outcome of a consultation of GPEI stakeholders in February 2007 to determine the collective capacity of the international community to overcome the remaining hurdles to stopping wild poliovirus transmission globally. Engaging the Heads of Government and local leaders in polio-affected countries in a sustained dialogue, this intensified effort optimized the use of powerful monovalent oral polio vaccines (mOPV), enhanced social research and new, tailored tactics to ensure that all children were reached with the vaccines. Two of the key landmarks at the end of the year encapsulate more clearly than any other the recent progress and re-affirm the technical feasibility of polio eradication. In India, the western end of Uttar Pradesh state has been at the heart of polio outbreaks in that country since 2000 and is the only area which has never stopped wild poliovirus transmission. By the end of 2007, no cases of type 1 poliovirus had been reported from the core "polio-reservoir" districts of western Uttar Pradesh for over 12 months. On the international arena, six re-infected countries continued to report polio cases in the second half of 2007. In Afghanistan and Pakistan, creative local solutions in conflict situations helped vaccinators reach children in insecure areas. In Nigeria, the bundling of polio vaccine with other health interventions and improvements in campaign operations halved the proportion of children missed in the highest-risk areas during vaccination campaigns. Engagement from top political leaders, stronger local ownership and community involvement resulted in greater visibility of polio eradication efforts, re-energizing local workers and contributing to higher-quality immunization activities. The Director-General and Regional Directors of the World Health Organization (WHO) travelled to transmission hot-spots in all four endemic countries within 12 months of the stakeholder consultation and discussed polio eradication with Heads of Government and leaders in the highest-risk areas. The gains against polio were underpinned by intensified surveillance work at field and laboratory levels, particularly in areas with known gaps in surveillance sensitivity. Most notably, the number of laboratories capable of using the new specimen testing algorithm was doubled, allowing the Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN) to detect poliovirus twice as fast in 2007 as in 2006 and enhancing rapid response capacity. With the continued prospect of eradication, research to broaden the current knowledge base for post-eradication risk management was accelerated. To finance the intensification of polio eradication activities, contributions from traditional development partners were substantially complemented by domestic financing from the Government of India and an extraordinary re-programming of International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFIm) funds previously earmarked for a post-eradication vaccine stockpile. Advances made in the course of the year catalysed a vote of confidence from Rotary International and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which in November 2007 announced a partnership to inject US$ 200 million into the GPEI over the next four years. At the request of stakeholders, the GPEI has published, for the first time, a five year budget (2008-2012), requiring US$ 1.8 billion. The 2008-09 funding gap is US$ 490 million (US$ 135 million for 2008), as of May 2008. In November 2007, the principal advisory group to WHO for vaccines and immunization, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE), reviewed the intensified polio eradication effort and affirmed that interruption of wild poliovirus transmission globally was possible, noting that northern Nigeria presented a risk to this goal In the same month, the Advisory Committee on Poliomyelitis Eradication (ACPE), the global body providing strategic guidance to the polio eradication effort, stated that the progress achieved during the year warranted an extension of the intensified activities. In 2008, GPEI focus is on stopping all transmission of type 1 polio, while controlling the upsurge of type 3 polio in India, before moving on to address remaining type 3 poliovirus in 2009. As of March 2008, the single greatest risk to the end-2008 goal appears to be the situation in northern Nigeria, where more than a fifth of children continue to be missed during vaccination activities in key areas, resulting in a new outbreak that threatens progress both in the country and globally. In each of the four countries, the continued assessment, refinement and introduction of a range of new innovations will be essential to improving operations and creating an optimal environment to interrupt the remaining chains of transmission. The impetus to create this environment must come from sustained political dialogue at all levels and local accountability for reaching all children. The world has a unique chance to deliver a public good--a polio-free world for future generations. The attainment of this public health goal can create momentum for the achievement of other important health initiatives and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In 2007, 1310 children were paralysed by wild poliovirus. Millions more were protected by vaccination. More than five million children and young adults are walking today because of the polio eradication effort; future generations will join them only if the eradication of polio is realized, once and for all.
Book Synopsis Global Polio Eradication Initiative by :
Download or read book Global Polio Eradication Initiative written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report summarizes polio eradication activities in 2010, the first year of implementation of the Strategic Plan 2010-2012, and measures progress against milestones established in that document. Mandated by the World Health Assembly (WHA), the GPEI developed the plan to stop polio in all of the areas where the virus still circulated by the end of 2012"--Page 3.
Book Synopsis Global Polio Eradication Initiative by :
Download or read book Global Polio Eradication Initiative written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking back on the second year of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) Strategic Plan 2010-2012, the scales are balanced between significant achievements on the one side and, on the other, some disappointing setbacks. Success in India was the most remarkable milestone, deemed "magnificent" by the Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) of the GPEI. Long considered one of the most challenging countries in which to eradicate polio, India accomplished what the IMB called the "systematic enforcement of best practice" to reach over 98% of children with polio vaccine. The country freed itself of endemic polio and finally laid to rest the question of whether polio eradication is technically feasible. Globally, polio cases fell to half the level of the previous year. In two of the four countries with re-established transmission of polio, no cases have been reported in the Republic of South Sudan and in Angola since June 2009 and July 2011, respectively. In the other two, Chad geographically restricted polio in the second half of the year and cases plummeted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, after aggressive response to extensive outbreaks in early 2011. All of the eight outbreaks recorded in previously polio-free countries were successfully stopped, all but one within six months. On the other side of the scales, the three remaining endemic countries witnessed an unexpected and serious upsurge of polio. In Nigeria and Pakistan, the continued circulation of two wild poliovirus serotypes - and a vaccine- derived poliovirus in the former - had the ripple effect of international spread to two neighbours. In Afghanistan, the number of cases also increased, with the national programme unable to reach enough children to stop outbreaks in the insecure Southern Region. At the end of 2011, the three endemic countries were off-track for eradicating polio. The Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) warned in October 2011 that polio eradication would not be achieved on the programme's current trajectory. In November, an alarmed Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization (SAGE) warned that failure to eradicate polio would constitute a failure of public health. By January 2012, the World Health Organization's (WHO) Executive Board had called for polio eradication to be declared a programmatic emergency for global health. Completing polio eradication is now a global emergency because of the clear - and, as stated by SAGE - "unacceptable" consequences of failure. The children of Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan bear the brunt of current polio transmission, but the consequences reach much farther. In recent years, the international spread of polio has become deadlier. Recent outbreaks on three continents -Tajikistan, Congo and China, all far from polioendemic areas - paralysed mostly adults. In some of these outbreaks, half the affected adults died. When the virus affects adults who have grown up in previously polio-free countries and have received little or no vaccination, it kills far more frequently. These consequences have triggered emergency actions among countries and the international polio partners. The Global Polio Emergency Action Plan 2012_2013, and the revised national emergency action plans that underpin it, capture the fundamental changes that polio-affected countries and their partners are making in their approach and structure, to ultimately bring about polio eradication. Compounding this emergency is a 50% gap in financing needed to fully carry out the necessary activities in 2012_2013 (as of April 2012). In the first quarter of 2012, this has already dictated the scale-back of activities in 24 countries in Asia and Africa, increasing the risk of unchecked spread if poliovirus from endemic areas enters these countries. The emergency eradication programme is about speed, focus and most of all accountability. From heads of state to chiefs of multilateral agencies and donors, from parent to vaccinator, every link in the chain must be tempered and strengthened to bring about a polio-free world.
Download or read book Global Polio written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :43 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (949 download)
Book Synopsis Status Report by : Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Download or read book Status Report written by Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the request by Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) stakeholders to update the monitoring framework for the GPEI Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 (the Endgame Plan), the framework has been revised to conform with the results-based approach to polio eradication outlined in the Endgame Plan, and to ensure that progress against the Endgame Plan is reflected through programme indicators across all four of its objectives. The structure of this document includes a high-level summary, followed by a more detailed narrative for each of the strategic objectives, broken down by geography where appropriate. The narrative is followed by a series of annexes that contain the monitoring framework indicators for endemic countries, outbreak countries and high-risk countries, and global indicators. The data published in the first semi-annual status report, covering January to June 2014 (available at http://www.polioeradication.org) are helping to drive the refinement of strategic approaches at the regional and country levels. The analysed data are helping to shine a spotlight on the critical operational gaps that need to be filled and are enabling the development and implementation of corrective measures as appropriate.
Book Synopsis Disease outbreak news: annual compendium 2022 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Disease outbreak news: annual compendium 2022 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-01-09 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO Disease Outbreak News Annual Compendium 2022 highlights selected acute public health events described in disease outbreak news (DON) reports published in 2022. DON reports are a key mechanism through which WHO communicates on acute public health events to the public. They are a source of authoritative, verified, and timely information and fulfil a critical role in information dissemination. Authoritative, verified and timely information allows the public and, particularly, public health actors to make informed decisions for acute public health events. The WHO Disease Outbreak News Annual Compendium 2022 provides insights into selected acute public health events to provide further information to the public, guide prevention activities and facilitate future response action. It highlights the implemented response activities, the WHO risk assessment and advice and provides an update on the epidemiological situation where available.
Book Synopsis Spray Drying of Vaccines by : Cordin Arpagaus
Download or read book Spray Drying of Vaccines written by Cordin Arpagaus and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-03 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the stabilization of vaccine powders by spray drying and provides an overview of the current state of the art on a laboratory and industrial scale. The book aims to familiarize readers with the advances in vaccine spray drying technology to understand its application potential better. In particular, the book addresses the design of aseptic spray dryers, parameters affecting the spray drying process, sterile powder processing, cleaning procedures, and powder filling. In addition, different drying technologies for the production of dry powder vaccines are compared to discuss the unique capabilities of spray drying as a particle technology for vaccines. Special attention is given to research studies on spray-dried vaccines published over the past 30 years, with key findings from laboratory research to clinical trials. Potential applications of spray-dried vaccines and routes of administration are presented in detail. Finally, an outlook is given on how close the aseptic spray-drying of vaccines is to the market and the challenges that need to be overcome to be commercially successful. The book's target audience is academics, researchers, vaccine developers, industry experts, students, and possibly funders, including government agencies, who are active in the field. In addition, the book is a reference source for those involved in the vaccine formulation and biopharmaceutical processing industry.
Book Synopsis Global Polio Eradication Initiative by : World Health Organization. Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Download or read book Global Polio Eradication Initiative written by World Health Organization. Global Polio Eradication Initiative and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 2008 witnessed a polio outbreak in Nigeria, with new international spread to bordering countries, persistent importations in south-central Africa and Sudan and the largest outbreak of polio in eight years in Pakistan. Elsewhere, western Uttar Pradesh in India - historically the world's most entrenched reservoir of polio but free of indigenous poliovirus type 1 for more than a year - was re-infected by a virus from a neighbouring state. By the end of the year, the number of children paralysed by polio in 2008 had returned to 1999 levels. And yet 2008 has proved to be a turning point in the fight against polio. To say 2008 was an arduous year in polio eradication is an understatement. To say it was a watershed for polio eradication is not. Against a sobering epidemiological backdrop, the progress made - in key political, technical, financial and operational areas - led the ACPE and SAGE1 to conclude in November 2008 that the intensified eradication effort had shown that the remaining challenges in the four polio-endemic countries could be overcome. First and foremost, all tiers of government in key polio- infected countries - from central to local levels - have realized the level of support and effort required to finish polio eradication and are engaging in the global effort as never before. In addition to financial and operational commitments, the remaining countries with indigenous polio - Nigeria, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan - now have special mechanisms to monitor the performance of eradication activities and hold local authorities accountable for their quality. Secondly, these efforts are being closely watched and frankly assessed. Following the re-infection of West Africa, for example, the international community has refocused its attention on key polio-affected countries, especially Nigeria, with a World Health Assembly Resolution (WHA) in May 2008 tasking each endemic country - by name - to act. Thirdly, the donor community has remained determined in the face of continued transmission of polio. Mindful that meeting established global health goals demands extraordinary perseverance, donors have redoubled efforts to finish the final lap. In January 2009, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced a further US$ 255 million grant for polio eradication to Rotary International, which the latter pledged to match with another US$ 100 million, bringing to US$ 200 million Rotary's matching funds in the past year alone. That same month, the United Kingdom announced a multi-year contribution of US$ 150 million, and Germany signalled its intention to provide US$ 130 million. By the end of the year, these global developments and country-specific strategies were showing an impact on wild poliovirus transmission. In India, monthly vaccination campaigns in the highest-risk areas, using monovalent vaccine, have reduced wild poliovirus type 1 - the more dangerous of the two remaining strains - to record lows. In Nigeria, stronger leadership at state level brought about new commitments to accountability for the quality of vaccination campaigns. By early 2009, the proportion of children with no polio vaccination in the highest-risk states of northern Nigeria fell to under 10% for the first time ever. In Afghanistan, teams exploited lulls in the conflict in the southern region to enter normally inaccessible areas and give children an additional dose of monovalent vaccine between large-scale campaigns. Pakistan started using finger-marking of vaccinated children to objectively measure coverage, thereby introducing real accountability of local authorities. With new multi-sectoral activities, the country laid the ground for the Prime Minister's Action Plan for Polio Eradication, launched in early 2009. Meanwhile, ongoing research in social attitudes, the development of new vaccines and behaviour of the poliovirus is expanding the current state of knowledge. In March 2008, Somalia became polio-free once again, demonstrating that full application of international outbreak response guidelines can stop the virus even in the most difficult conditions. This Annual Report of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) features progress made in 2008 towards the objectives defined in the GPEI Strategic Plan for 2004-08 and reports on intensified eradication activities.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Happiness by : Saamdu Chetri
Download or read book Handbook of Happiness written by Saamdu Chetri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains contributions from diverse perspectives and traditions that focus on reflections and happiness practices. It addresses diversity in happiness and eastern and western thoughts and practices by contributing authors from around the world from varied backgrounds. The book provides ample avenue for readers and researchers to broaden their horizons and deepen their understanding of various aspects of happiness culturally and conceptually. It opens opportunities for exploring and understanding how happiness can be practiced, experienced, taught, and learned in various contexts, thus assisting both educators and interested readers to create opportunities for themselves or their students to engage in diverse and creative happiness explorations. This book is a crucial resource for teachers, educators, students, and researchers involved in the science and practice of happiness. It enables them to find new avenues to understand happiness from different perspectives, understanding inner and outer spaces and other dimensions of happiness. It serves as an essential reference for academicians in related fields of psychology, such as cross-cultural, social, and developmental, as well as in the upcoming field of happiness studies.
